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- Fallqvist, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleation And Growth Of Cvd α-Al2O3 On TiXOY Template
- 2012
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 207, s. 254-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microstructure, phase and chemical composition of TixOy templates used to nucleate α-Al2O3 on Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide have been elucidated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Further, the adhesive strength of the α-Al2O3–TixOy–Ti(C,N) interfaces was investigated using scratch adhesion testing.The present study confirmed that the as-deposited template consisted of a Ti4O7 phase which during subsequent deposition of the Al2O3 layer transformed to a Ti3O5 phase and that the grown Al2O3 layer consisted of 100% α-Al2O3. Furthermore, the results showed that the lowest interfacial strength within the multilayer structure was exhibited by the Ti(C,N)–TixOy interface and that the transformation of Ti4O7 to Ti3O5 in the template resulted in formation of pores in the Ti(C,N)-template interface lowering the interfacial strength even more. The use of surface analysis techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy and especially Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry enabled trace element analyses using depth profiling to characterise the thin interfacial layers in detail.
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| 3. |
- Bexell, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Bonding of vegetable oils to mercapto silane treated metal surfaces : Surface engineering on the nano scale
- 2006
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 515:2, s. 838-841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the bonding of thin vegetable oil films on mercapto silane treated aluminium surfaces has been studied. The silane molecules are attached to the surface by metal-oxygen-silicon bonds. The coupling between the unsaturated bonds of the vegetable oil and the thiol functionalised surface was obtained through a photoinduced thiol-ene reaction. The surfaces were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Vegetable oil contains both saturated and unsaturated carbon chains. For the reactions investigated in this study it is the unsaturated carbon chains that can react by a thiol-ene reaction and the results indicate that it is possible to attach a vegetable oil to a metal surface pre-treated with a thiol functionalised silane.
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| 4. |
- Bexell, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Scratch testing as a tool to evaluate the adhesion of thermally grown oxides on ferritic interconnect steel
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 Conference Memory Stick 9th European SOFC Forum. - Lucerne.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The attempt to decrease the temperature in solid oxide fuel cells has made it possible to use metallic materials as interconnect, i.e. the part that separates the anode and the cathode in a fuel cell stack. Besides being impermeable to gases the interconnect give good electron conduction between adjacent cells and to the external circuit. Thus, the unavoidable oxide scale must have good electron conductivity and therefore good adhesion to the metal since spalling of the oxide scale from the metal will give rise to higher resistance in the whole oxide scale metal system. Scratch testing is today a common technique in order to characterize the mechanical properties of thin hard coatings on various types of substrate materials. In this test the normal load applied on the scratching stylus is continuously increased while the stylus is moved relative the surface. The critical load, corresponding to a cohesive and/or adhesive coating failure is registered either by a change in the force, the acoustic emission signal or preferable by combining the information from signals with post-test characterisation of the scratch using scanning electron microscopy. The present study evaluates the possibilities to use scratch testing as a method to measure or at least quantitatively classify the adhesion characteristics of different types of oxide scales thermally grown on ferritic stainless interconnect steel. Both uncoated and interconnect steel pre-coated with thin metallic coatings are studied. The results show that all oxide layers investigated display a sufficient cohesive strength and adhesion to the underlying substrate and that the major scratching induced surface failure mechanisms are plastic deformation and cracking, i.e. no brittle like chipping or spalling could be observed.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Fei, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual Effects of Monocarboxylic Acids on The Structure and on The Transport and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan Films
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 132, s. 419-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to study the transport of monocarboxylic acids in chitosan films, since this is important for understanding and predicting the drying kinetics of chitosan from aqueous solutions. Despite the wealth of data on chitosan films prepared from aqueous monocarboxylic acid solutions, this transport has not been reported. Chitosan films were exposed to formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid vapours, it was found that the rate of uptake decreased with increasing molecular size. The equilibration time was unexpectedly long, especially for propionic and butyric acid, nine months. A clear two-stage uptake curve was observed for propionic acid. Evidently, the rate of uptake was determined by acid-induced changes in the material. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy indicated that the structure of the chitosan acetate and buffered chitosan films changed during exposure to acid and during the subsequent drying. The dried films previously exposed to the acid showed less crystalline features than the original material and a novel repeating structure possibly involving acid molecules. The molar mass of the chitosan decreased on exposure to acid but tensile tests revealed that the films were always ductile. The films exposed to acid vapour (propionic and butyric acid) for the longest period of time were insoluble in the size-exclusion chromatography eluent, and they were also the most ductile/extensible of all samples studied.
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