| 1. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Climate warming and land-use changes drive broad-scale floristic changes in Southern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 24:6, s. 2607-2621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land-use changes, pollution and climate warming during the 20th century havecaused changes in biodiversity across the world. However, in many cases, the environmental drivers are poorly understood. To identify and rank the drivers currentlycausing broad-scale floristic changes in N Europe, we analysed data from two vascularplant surveys of 200 randomly selected 2.5 9 2.5 km grid-squares in Scania,southernmost Sweden, conducted 1989–2006 and 2008–2015, respectively, andrelated the change in frequency (performance) of the species to a wide range ofspecies-specific plant traits. We chose traits representing all plausible drivers ofrecent floristic changes: climatic change (northern distribution limit, flowering time),land-use change (light requirement, response to grazing/mowing, response to soildisturbance), drainage (water requirement), acidification (pH optimum), nitrogendeposition and eutrophication (N requirement, N fixation ability, carnivory, parasitism,mycorrhizal associations), pollinator decline (mode of reproduction) andchanges in CO2 levels (photosynthetic pathway). Our results suggest that climatewarming and changes in land-use were the main drivers of changes in the flora duringthe last decades. Climate warming appeared as the most influential driver, withnorthern distribution limit explaining 30%–60% of the variance in the GLMM models.However, the relative importance of the drivers differed among habitat types,with grassland species being affected the most by cessation of grazing/mowing andspecies of ruderal habitats by on-going concentration of both agriculture and humanpopulation to the most productive soils. For wetland species, only pH optimum wassignificantly related to species performance, possibly an effect of the increasinghumification of acidic water bodies. An observed relative decline of mycorrhizal species may possibly be explained by decreasing nitrogen deposition resulting in lesscompetition for phosphorus. We found no effect of shortage or decline of pollinatinglepidopterans and bees.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common approach to the conservation of farmland biodiversity and the promotion of multifunctional landscapes, particularly in landscapes containing only small remnants of non-crop habitats, has been to maintain landscape heterogeneity and reduce land-use intensity. In contrast, it has recently been shown that devoting specific areas of non-crop habitats to conservation, segregated from high-yielding farmland (“land sparing”), can more effectively conserve biodiversity than promoting low-yielding, less intensively managed farmland occupying larger areas (“land sharing”). In the present paper we suggest that the debate over the relative merits of land sparing or land sharing is partly blurred by the differing spatial scales at which it is suggested that land sparing should be applied. We argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes. Instead we propose an alternative conceptual construct, which we call “multiple-scale land sparing,” targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes. We discuss how multiple-scale land sparing may overcome the apparent dichotomy between land sharing and land sparing and help to find acceptable compromises that conserve biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality.
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| 4. |
- Fagerberg, Nils, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of individual-tree growth models for Picea abies based on a case study of an uneven-sized stand in southern Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 37:1, s. 45-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop recommendations for tree selection in Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), access to valid tools for simulating growth at individual tree-level is necessary. To assist efforts to develop such tools, in this study, long-term observation data from two uneven-sized Norway spruce plots in southern Sweden are used to evaluate old and new individual-tree growth models (two established Swedish models, two new preliminary models and included as a reference, a Finnish model). The plots' historical management records and site conditions are the same, but their last thinning treatment differs. Observed diameter increment at tree-level is investigated in relation to treatment. Individual tree growth residuals of tested models are evaluated in relation to tree diameter, treatment, projection length and sensitivity to the predictor mean stand age. Furthermore, the relations between displayed residuals and basal area local competition are analysed. The analyses indicate that active thinning made annual diameter increment independent of tree diameter above a threshold level, while the absence of thinning supported a concave relationship. All tested models displayed a significant linear bias leading to overestimation of small trees' growth and increasing underestimations of larger trees' growth with tree diameter. All distance-independent models displayed residual trends related to local competition.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gjirja, Savo, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation on the Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation Into the Inlet Duct of a Diesel Engine
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; SP-1551:2000-01-1919, s. 12-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Believed to have a potential in reducing the NOxemission level, hydrogen peroxide was fumigated into theinlet duct of the AVL single cylinder research engine via astandard gasoline injector, normally used in the Volvo850-car engine. A small metallic sphere installed 3 cmdownstream the injector tip, improved the spray formationand the uniform distribution of the fumigated peroxidefluid upstream the intake valve. The hydrogen peroxideflow was varied according to the desired value via anelectronic pulse frequency generator.The engine, equipped with an electronic unit injector, wasinitially run without any fumigation fluid until thespecifications of the engine test point were reached andremained very stable. Further, the hydrogen peroxideinjection was activated with three different injection flows,and the engine performance, including emission levels,was compared to reference performance. To avoidsecondary effects on combustion processes andemission levels, the engine was run with the same fuel/airratio.The most expected effect of the hydrogen peroxidefumigation would be on the NOx emission reduction.However, it was observed that other emissions such asCO and HC were remarkably affected as well.Experimental results have shown that the hydrogenperoxide fumigation affects the engine thermochemistry,but not necessarily the fuel consumption and otherenergetic parameters of the engine. However, theincrease of the fumigation flow above a certain limit coulddeteriorate the combustion quality, thereby increase HC,CO and soot formation levels.Nevertheless, heat release and ignition delay, (evaluatedaccording to the “Dragon” software program andacquisition from “Burst to File” PC based samplingsystem)[1], [3] show that the optimal fumigated flow of thehydrogen peroxide might reduce the ignition delay, andthereby significantly improve the engine thermochemistryoutput.Verified effective possibilities for using hydrogen peroxidefumigation, would lead to a proper version of the intakemanifold design, which would bring to another solution forlow emission level diesel engines
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus and carbon availability regulate structural composition and complexity of AM fungal mycelium.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mycorrhiza. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1890 .- 0940-6360. ; 24:6, s. 443-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of the structural composition and complexity of the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is not well understood due to their obligate biotrophic nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of extraradical mycelium at high and low availability of carbon (C) to the roots and phosphorus (P) to the fungus. We used monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices) with transformed carrot roots as the host in a cultivation system including a root-free compartment into which the extraradical mycelium could grow. We found that high C availability increased hyphal length and spore production and anastomosis formation within individual mycelia. High P availability increased the formation of branched absorbing structures and reduced spore production and the overall length of runner hyphae. The complexity of the mycelium, as indicated by its fractal dimensions, increased with both high C and P availability. The results indicate that low P availability induces a growth pattern that reflects foraging for both P and C. Low C availability to AM roots could still support the explorative development of the mycelium when P availability was low. These findings help us to better understand the development of AM fungi in ecosystems with high P input and/or when plants are subjected to shading, grazing or any management practice that reduces the photosynthetic ability of the plant.
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| 8. |
- Rydén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducibility of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 analysis in primary breast cancer: a national survey performed at pathology departments in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 48:6, s. 860-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HER2 is a treatment predictive factor for the effect of trastuzumab and associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. The analysis of HER2 must be performed with good quality, with regard to both the immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis.A tissue microarray (TMA) including 11 breast cancer samples was sent twice (once in 2005 and again in 2006) to 24 pathology departments in Sweden. A questionnaire was also sent to the departments in 2006.With IHC, all departments reported the same results (0/1+ vs. 2+ vs. 3 + ) for three (2005) and six samples (2006). The mean kappa-value increased from 0.67 to 0.77, indicating a good reproducibility at both occasions. With fluorescence-ISH (FISH), the 11 departments using this technique reported the same results (amplified vs. normal) for nine (2005) and ten samples (2006). The mean kappa-value showed very good reproducibility both 2005 and 2006 (0.92 and 0.96, respectively). Based on the answers from the participating departments, the questionnaire revealed that 31% of primary breast cancer diagnosed in 2006 (n = 5 043) were 2 + /3+. FISH analysis of 2+ confirmed 12% of the samples to be amplified. The corresponding figure for 3 + was 90%. In total, 14.3% of the samples were HER2 positive (2+ and amplified, or 3 + ).The results obtained in this study indicate that the reproducibility for HER2 analysis is good (IHC) and very good (FISH) between the pathology departments in Sweden using TMA-based tumor samples. In 2006, 14.3% of invasive breast cancers were HER2 positive.
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| 9. |
- Sjöblom, Ted, et al.
(författare)
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REEDS : Reference data and algorithms for research and development of smart ships
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Transport Administration Research and Innovation fund for Maritime research funded the project "Reference data and algorithms to support research and development of smart ships". The project goes by the working name, and is communicated as, Reeds. It responds to a synthesis of a number of different needs identified in previous projects and studies. The background to the project is that in recent years the focus has been on developing algorithms to interpret and act on the physical environment around different types of craft. In order to be able to develop and evaluate these algorithms, it has become clear that open datasets and a fair benchmarking platform are required that allow various developers in industries and researchers to evaluate algorithms. In the road vehicle sector, Kitti, as of 2013, is the largest dataset used as a reference dataset. The dataset in this project contains sensor data from several data collection occasions within a maritime context, from high-precision sensors such as cameras, radar, lidar, and IMU. For marine applications, there has been no similar dataset with anywhere near the same amount of data and time synchronisation between sensors. The reference data and reference algorithms were available periodically during the project through an online service where researchers and developers could upload their algorithms to use the dataset.In addition to the dataset itself, Reeds adds additional strengths compared to other reference datasets:- New approach to comparing algorithms fairly, where new algorithms are always compared on a centralised hardware in a cloud service and re-evaluated when new data is added, i.e. an unbiased algorithm evaluation service.- Method that combines NTP and PTP time protocols for synchronisation between the sensors with microsecond accuracy- More types and more modern sensors that can be used at a higher level of abstraction and can thus be applied in more areas.- Sensor fusion of both onboard and land-side sensors- Identify areas of application for navigation and surveillance on land based on the algorithms developed during the project and the use of new sensor types not established in shipping.- The project built up a maritime reference data set that enables the creation of a digital description for the ship's surrounding environment and developed reference algorithms to demonstrate new navigation and monitoring methodology in the area of "enhanced navigation"."Enhanced navigation" is defined under the project as the use of new technology based on developments in digitisation and autonomous functions, where new navigation methods use sensors both on board and ashore to increase maritime safety and robustness. The project has built a web-based user interface referred to in the report as "Crowsnest" that handles these new sensors and visualises this data in a familiar interface similar to an overlay in ECDIS that is openly available for the public to build on. Which was used for the evaluation and concept development of new user interfaces based on feedback from pilots and VTS operators.By providing reference datasets and reference algorithms with demonstrations, researchers and companies now have the opportunity to develop algorithms for the intelligent and autonomous ships of the future.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the geometric aspects of integrating BIM data into city models
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Spatial Science. - UK : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1449-8596 .- 1836-5655. ; 65:2, s. 235-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is used to acquire three-dimensional(3D) city model data over large areas. However, because of the longALS update cycle, building information models (BIM) could be utilizedto maintain city models. In this study, we designed, implemented, andevaluated a methodology to formalize the integration of BIM data intocity models. CityGML models were created from BIM data and ALS/footprint data based on common modelling guidelines. Both CityGMLbuilding models are modelled in a similar way and the relative differencesbetween the models are on the order of decimetres.
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