| 1. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the geometric aspects of integrating BIM data into city models
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Spatial Science. - UK : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1449-8596 .- 1836-5655. ; 65:2, s. 235-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is used to acquire three-dimensional(3D) city model data over large areas. However, because of the longALS update cycle, building information models (BIM) could be utilizedto maintain city models. In this study, we designed, implemented, andevaluated a methodology to formalize the integration of BIM data intocity models. CityGML models were created from BIM data and ALS/footprint data based on common modelling guidelines. Both CityGMLbuilding models are modelled in a similar way and the relative differencesbetween the models are on the order of decimetres.
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| 2. |
- Harrie, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Label Placement Challenges in City Wayfinding Map Production - Identification and Possible Solutions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer. - 2509-8810 .- 2509-8829. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Map label placement is an important task in map production, which needs to be automated since it is tedious and requires a significant amount of manual work. In this paper, we identify five cartographic labeling situations that present challenges by causing intensive manual work in map production of city wayfinding maps, e.g., label placement in high density areas, utilizing true label geometries in automated methods, and creating a good relationship between text labels and icons. We evaluate these challenges in an open source map labeling tool (QGIS), provide results from a preliminary study, and discuss if there are other techniques that could be applicable to solving these challenges. These techniques are based on quantified cartographic rules or on machine learning. We focus on deep learning for which we provide several examples of techniques from other application domains that might have a potential in map label placement. The aim of the paper is to explore those techniques and to recommend future practical studies for each of the identified five challenges in map production. We believe that targeting the revealed challenges using the proposed solutions will significantly raise the automation level for producing city wayfinding maps, thus, having a real, measurable impact on production time and costs.
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| 3. |
- Harrie, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Using BIM Data Together with City Models
- 2021
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Ingår i: GIM International-The Worldwide Magazine for Geomatics. - : Reed Business-GEO. - 1566-9076. ; 35:7, s. 27-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of cities are creating 3D city models to support visualization and simulations in the urban planning process. The 3D city models are often extended with planned buildings. One way to facilitate this is to add simplified building information modelling (BIM) models of the planned buildings to the 3D city model. This article summarizes some of the recent academic and industrial studies of this topic.
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| 4. |
- Ollila, Hanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by a loss of hypocretin/orexin transmission. Risk factors include pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix (R). Here, we dissect disease mechanisms and interactions with environmental triggers in a multi-ethnic sample of 6,073 cases and 84,856 controls. We fine-mapped GWAS signals within HLA (DQ0602, DQB1*03:01 and DPB1*04:02) and discovered seven novel associations (CD207, NAB1, IKZF4-ERBB3, CTSC, DENND1B, SIRPG, PRF1). Significant signals at TRA and DQB1*06:02 loci were found in 245 vaccination-related cases, who also shared polygenic risk. T cell receptor associations in NT1 modulated TRAJ*24, TRAJ*28 and TRBV*4-2 chain-usage. Partitioned heritability and immune cell enrichment analyses found genetic signals to be driven by dendritic and helper T cells. Lastly comorbidity analysis using data from FinnGen, suggests shared effects between NT1 and other autoimmune diseases. NT1 genetic variants shape autoimmunity and response to environmental triggers, including influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix (R).
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Perola, et al.
(författare)
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Laserskanning
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geodetisk och fotogrammetrisk mätnings- och beräkningsteknik. - : Lantmäteriet. ; , s. 181-204
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Utilizing BIM and GIS for Representation and Visualization of 3D Cadastre
- 2019
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Ingår i: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. - 2220-9964.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current three-dimensional (3D) property units are in most countries registered using two-dimensional (2D) documentation and textual descriptions. This approach has limitations of representing the actual extent of complicated 3D property units and also to provide an overview of the 3D cadastre in e.g. city centers. To improve the representation and visualization of the 3D cadastre we could utilize 3D digital models. To facilitate this several requirements needs to be considered such as organizations, legal rules, coordinate reference systems and height systems, data standards, geometry and users. In this study, we formulate these requirements and then develop a framework for integration of 3D cadastre and 3D digital models. The basic idea is that cadastral information (stored the in Land Administration Domain Model, LADM) are integrated with Building Information Modelling (BIM) on building level for accurate representation of legal boundaries and with Geographic Information System (GIS) on city level for visualization of 3D cadaster in urban environments. The framework is implemented and evaluated against the requirements in a practical case study in Sweden. The conclusion is that the integration of the cadastral information and BIM/GIS is possible on both conceptual level and data level which will facilitate that organizations dealing with cadastral information (cadastral units), BIM models (architecture, engineering and construction companies) and GIS (surveying units on e.g. municipality level) can exchange information; this facilitates better representation and visualization of 3D cadastral boundaries.
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| 8. |
- Uggla, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Future Swedish 3D City Models : Specifications, Test Data, and Evaluation
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2220-9964. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional city models are increasingly being used for analyses and simulations. To enable such applications, it is necessary to standardise semantically richer city models and, in some cases, to connect the models with external data sources. In this study, we describe the development of a new Swedish specification for 3D city models, denoted as 3CIM, which is a joint effort between the three largest cities in Sweden—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Technically, 3CIM is an extension of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0, implemented as an application domain extension (ADE). The ADE is semantically thin, mainly extending CityGML 2.0 to harmonise with national standards; in contrast, 3CIM is mainly based on linkages to external databases, registers, and operational systems for the semantic part. The current version, 3CIM 1.0, includes various themes, including Bridge, Building, Utility, City Furniture, Transportation, Tunnel, Vegetation, and Water. Three test areas were created with 3CIM data, one in each city. These data were evaluated in several use-cases, including visualisation as well as daylight, noise, and flooding simulations. The conclusion from these use-cases is that the 3CIM data, together with the linked external data sources, allow for the inclusion of the necessary information for the visualisation and simulations, but extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes are required to tailor the input data. The next step is to implement 3CIM within the three cities, which will entail several challenges, as discussed at the end of the paper.
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