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- Olupot, Peter Wilberforce
(författare)
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Assessment of ceramic raw materials in Uganda for electrical porcelain
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Clay, quartz and feldspar are widely available in Uganda. The location and properties of various clay deposits are reported in the literature, but little is reported on feldspar and quartz deposits. In this work an extended literature on ceramics and porcelains in particular, is documented. Samples from two deposits of feldspar and two deposits of quartz are characterised and found to possess requisite properties for making porcelain insulators. Sample porcelain bodies are made from materials collected from selected deposits using different mixing proportions of clay, feldspar and quartz. Their properties in relation to workability, firing temperature, dielectric and bending strengths are studied. It is found that a mixture consisting of 30% Mutaka kaolin, 15% Mukono ball clay, 30% Mutaka feldspar and 25% Lido beach flint yields a body with highest mechanical strength (72MPa) and dielectric strength (19kV/mm) when fired at 1250°C. The strength (both mechanical and dielectric) is found to decrease with increasing firing temperature. At high firing temperatures, the undissolved quartz in the body decreased, the glass content increases and pores are formed. Mullite content on the other hand does not change at temperatures above 1200°C but there are significant differences in the morphologies of the mullite crystals in the samples. Optimum mechanical and electrical properties are found at maximum virtification and a microstructure showing small closely packed mullite needles.
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| 2. |
- Olupot, Peter Wilberforce, 1976-
(författare)
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Characterization of Ceramic Raw Minerals in Uganda for Production of Electrical Porcelain Insulators
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work an extended literature survey on ceramics and porcelains in particular, has been documented. Samples from two Ugandan deposits of each feldspar and quartz were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy and found to possess requisite properties for making electro porcelain insulators. Five porcelain bodies were formulated and samples were fabricated from materials collected from selected deposits in Uganda using different mixing proportions of clay, feldspar and quartz. The properties of the formulated bodies were studied in relation to workability, firing temperature, dielectric and bending strengths. The strengths (both mechanical and dielectric) were found to decrease as the firing temperature was increased above 1250°C. Additionally, ten formulations with components in the range of 30-60% clay, 20-45% feldspar and 20-25% sand were prepared. Specimens for mechanical and physical characterisation were made using the plastic extrusion method. The samples were characterised in terms of constituent oxide composition, flexural strength, fracture toughness, dielectric strength along with microstructural and phase properties using ICP-AES analyses, 4-point load bending strength test, Vicker’s indentation method, SEM and XRD analyses respectively. XRD studies revealed that the crystalline phases formed were mullite and quartz and their intensity was almost identical for all samples fired at 1250°C but there was a decrease inquartz content as temperature was increased above 1250°C. Samples with 20% sandcontent resulted in higher density, MOR and fracture toughness compared to thosecontaining 25% sand. Mullite content on the other hand did not change at temperatures above 1200°C but there were significant differences in the morphologies of the mullite crystals in the samples. Optimum mechanical and electrical properties were found at maximum vitrification and a microstructure showing small closely packed mullite needles. This occurred at a firing temperature of 1250°C. Three promising porcelain formulations from the above investigations were chosen and five glazes formulated to fit on biscuit fired specimens. The best-fitting glaze was adopted. The formulated specimens were investigated using dilatometry, Steger test, FEG-SEM, XRD, 4-point bending, dielectric strength and fracture toughness tests. A porcelain specimen consisting of 68% SiO2, 19% Al2O3, 4.7% K2O and a glaze of Seger formula RO:0.57Al2O3:4.86SiO2 exhibited MOR of 105MPa with Weibull modulus of 5.6 and a dielectric strength of 18kV/mm upon firing at a heating rate of 6ºC/min to 1250ºC, soaking for 2h at the top temperature and cooling down to 500°C at a rate of 6°C/min, followed by furnace cooling. The microstructure of the high strength specimen exhibited round mullite needles, quartz and glass. Holding samples for 2h at peak temperature resulted in a 22% increase in MOR compared to 1h holding. Glazing further improved strength by 67% for the best sample. Compressive stresses in glaze contributed to the strengthening effect. The dielectric and mechanical strengths obtained make the ormulated sample suitable for application in low voltage electrical insulation.
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| 3. |
- Olupot, Peter Wilberforce, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of feldspar and quartz raw materials in Uganda for manufacture of electrical porcelains
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the Australasian Ceramic Society. - 1018-6689. ; 42:1, s. 29-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric porcelains are widely used for insulation purposes. The aim of this study is to characterize feldspar and quartz raw materials in Uganda for use in manufacture of electric porcelains. Samples from two deposits of each feldspar and silica are investigated to assess their potential as raw materials in the manufacture of electric porcelains. Raw samples ground to powder form are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the chemical composition, particle size distribution and density of the powders are determined. The study reveals one of the feldspar deposits to consist of purely ordered microcline, while the other has ordered microcline, quartz and albite. The silica deposits are purely of quartz mineral. The materials investigated, are suitable for use in porcelain production.
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| 4. |
- Olupot, Peter Wilberforce, et al.
(författare)
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Development and characterisation of triaxial electrical porcelains from Ugandan ceramic minerals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 36:4, s. 1455-1461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten formulations of triaxial porcelain composed from 30-60% clay, 20-45% feldspar and 20-25% sand, were prepared from raw materials sourced from Ugandan deposits. Specimens were made using the plastic extrusion method and characterized in terms of constituent oxide composition, flexural strength, fracture toughness, dielectric strength, microstructure and phase properties using ICP-AES analyses, 4-point load strength test, Vicker's indentation, FEG-SEM and powder-XRD analyses, respectively. XRD studies revealed that the crystalline phases are mullite and quartz and their intensity is almost identical for all samples fired at 1250 degrees C but there is a decrease in quartz content as temperature is increased. Samples with 20% sand content resulted in higher density, modulus of rupture and fracture toughness compared to those containing 25% sand. The major factor influencing bending strength was found lobe porosity in samples as opposed to crystallinity. A sample with 67.3% SiO2, 20.2% Al2O3, 3.4% K2O and 6.3% others exhibited best properties. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Olupot, Peter Wilberforce, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Glazes and Their Effects on Properties of Triaxial Electrical Porcelains from Ugandan Minerals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9495 .- 1544-1024. ; 19:8, s. 1133-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, and sand were collected from deposits in Uganda, milled and sieved to particle sizes of 45, 45, 53, and 25 μm, respectively. Three porcelain bodies and five glazes were formulated from them. The glazes were applied on porcelain specimens and subsequently evaluated for their effects on properties of porcelain samples. The formulated specimens were investigated using dilatometry, Steger test, FEG-SEM, XRD, 4-point bending, dielectric strength, and fracture toughness tests. A porcelain specimen consisting of 68% SiO2, 19% Al2O3, 4.7% K2O, and a glaze RO:0.57Al2O3:4.86SiO2 exhibited MOR of 105 MPa with Weibull modulus of 5.6 and a dielectric strength of 18 kV/mm upon firing at a heating rate of 6 °C/min to 1250 °C and holding for 2 h. The microstructure of the high-strength specimen exhibited round mullite needles, quartz, and glass. Holding samples for 2 h at peak temperature resulted in a 22% increase in MOR compared to 1 h holding. Glazing further improved strength by 67% for the best sample. Compressive stresses in glaze contributed to the strengthening effect. The dielectric and mechanical strength values obtained qualify the formulated sample for application in electrical insulation.
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| 7. |
- Yiga, Vianney Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Pyrolysis, kinetics and thermodynamic analyses of rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composites using thermogravimetric analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry (Print). - : Springer Nature. - 1388-6150 .- 1588-2926. ; 148:9, s. 3457-3477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of processing, utilization and disposal of polylactic acid composites, pyrolysis is a promising technique that addresses this complex synergy. In this work, pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites were investigated using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) at multiple heating rates (16, 25 and 34 °C min−1). PLA composites’ pyrolysis followed a single-step degradation process. The flammability indices, combustion characteristic indices and mean reactivities obtained for the PLA composites are much lower than those for neat PLA (2.00 × 10−5–2.44 × 10−5% min−1 °C−2, 0.87 × 10−8–1.79 × 10−8% min−2 °C−3 and 6.97 × 10−3–8.04 × 10−3% min−1 °C−1, respectively) which signals that rice husks and clay improved flame retardancy of accruing PLA composites. The average activation energy values obtained from the KAS method were found to be in ranges 137.83–143.99 kJ mol−1 and 124.51–133.95 kJ mol−1 for raw and modified rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites, respectively. Corresponding activation energies for raw and modified rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites from the OFW method were 141.24–146.92 kJ mol−1 and 128.17–137.50 kJ mol−1, respectively. By comparing activation energy and enthalpy, it was found that the composites were favored to format activated complex due to the low energy barrier.
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