| 1. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Does Over-tourism really exist in Dubrovnik? : A perception study of local tourism employees
- 2019
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Ingår i: 28th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research 23rd to 25th October 2019. - Roskilde, Denmark. ; , s. 48-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over-tourism has become a frequently used term in Urban Tourism research, during last years. By it means over-saturation of tourists (e.g. Stanchev, 2017) i.e. when the number of tourists at a certain time and at a certain place exceeds powerfully the number of locals in the place (see e.g. Artal-Tur et al, 2018). Such situation creates a series of problems for the host destinations (Postma and Schmuecker, 2017) because of the limited service facilities available (Butler, 2018). The pressure on the host destination results in conflict and tension among hosts and tourists, and in long term antagonism, and tourism phobia among locals (Alexis, 2017). The overall aim of this research is to get a deeper understanding of Dubrovnik’s tourism employees’ perception of Over-tourism in their town. The chosen method has been field observation during peak season (July 2018) and 18 email- interviews with local tourism employees between 2018-2019. Results The employees who answered to 14 questions have positions such as manager, receptionist, owner, and represent different tourism and hospitality sectors like hotels and restaurants, tourist bureaus, etc. They have been working within tourism industry between 3 and 30 years. They show small difference in their views on low- respectively high season of tourism in the town. They define Over- tourism in general, believe it exists in Dubrovnik in some short periods, and describe in detail how and when it happens there. The reason behind Over-tourism in Dubrovnik is summarized by them in big demand that exceeds the supply side i.e. too many tourists by ships, aircrafts, cars and buses arriving at the same time in peak season. They claim that the Over-tourism creates a series of problems such as traffic, damage and pollution, and confirm that the local authorities are aware of the problems. A powerful reduction of number of cruisers, better management, organization and schedule of arrivals, better information to tourists, reduction of taxis from rest of the country, forbid foreigners come by car to the city, etc. are among their own suggestions to solutions for the problems. Some of them talk about attracting quality/luxury/elite tourists instead of mass tourists. Several of them also confirm that the local tourism industry firstly tries to reduce the number of cruisers and partly flights, and then find a better coordination of activities, and other regulations for people coming by cars. The interviewees prefer mostly tourists coming by charter flights, then cruise tourists specially luxury such, and they believe that Dubrovnik and its surrounding region is not at all suitable for car transport and cartourists.
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| 2. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Overtourism in Dubrovnik in the eyes of local tourism employees : A qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cogent Social Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-1886. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article implies a qualitative methodological approach and has a focus on the local tourism employees in Dubrovnik and their perception of overtourism. The empirical data are based on 12 days’ field observation in July 2018, and 18 e-mail interviews with local tourism employees. The data analysis method has been thematic analysis. The interviewees show a high level of awareness and concern about the problem. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, various physical damages, displacement of locals in Old Town, low quality of tourist experiences and lower quality of life for locals, increased prices are among problems caused by overtourism in Dubrovnik. Factors related to seasonality, physical geographic conditions, cruise ships are the most problem makers and the interviewees prefer tourists that stay overnight. Their most frequent solution suggestions are reduction of the number of cruise ships followed by stricter rules of the establishment and of quality for accommodations, caterings and shops.
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| 3. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives of Over-tourism in four Pre-Industrial Historical City Centers : A research idea
- 2019
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Ingår i: 28th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research 23rd to 25th October 2019. - Roskilde, Denmark : Roskilde University. ; , s. 46-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over-tourism has become a new subject for research, particularly on urban sustainable tourism, during recent years (Novy, 2018). The term refers to when the number of tourists at a certain time in an extreme way exceeds the number of locals in the destination (Goodwin, 2017). This phenomenon creates a series of problems for the host destinations and puts pressure on them and their attractions, on the local service facilities and the genuine urban culture (Postma and Schmuecker, 2017; Trancoso Gonzalez, 2018; Weber et al, 2017; Montanari & Staniscias, 2010). Earlier research has shown how this phenomenon results in tension/conflict between locals and tourists and creates phobia among host people towards tourists(Postma and Schmuecker,2017; Martins, 2018; Milano et al, 2018). Recent research (Koens et al, 2018) shows that tourism stakeholders in many European cities show great awareness on the issue in their cities. Earlier research has mostly focused on locals while a focus on the visitors has beenlacking. The purpose of the research is to get more empirical insights in over-tourism in four European city centers, Dubrovnik, Visby, Stockholm, and Riga, from both perspectives of locals and visitors/tourists, and thereby get knowledge through the challenges to, and opportunities for, both constituencies that are created in this learning process. This is in consistence with earlier research with same purpose (Costa et al, 2018). The research is justified by the fact that the topic is still new, and there are not too many studies published as of now. The first common characteristic between these four cities is that they all are cruising ports. The two first cities are rather towns than cities, almost of same size and natural preconditions, while the latters are much larger, capital cities in the Baltic Sea region with almost similar preconditions i.e. Over-tourism in the downtown area during peakseason. The overall methodological approach in this project will be qualitative consisting of triangulation (mixed methods) based on comparative case studies. The data collection methods will consist of: field observations during the peak season in July-August in the four cities, face to face interviews and email interviews
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| 4. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Travellers‘ attitudes towards Overtourism in cities : an exploratory research
- 2023
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Ingår i: 31st Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research. - Östersund : Mid Sweden University. - 9789189786370 ; , s. 131-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and literature reviewOvertourism as a sustainability sissue for different tourism stakeholers (Milano et al, 2022;Santos-Rojo et al., 2023) inside and outside destinations has been very explored duringrecent decade. Most earlier studies on the topic have either touched upon localstakeholders on the destination and locals‘ tourismphobia has been frequently mentionedby authors (see e.g. Verissimo et al., 2020; Yrigoy et al., 2023). In the literature, oertourismhas been associated with seasonality, i.e. it happens almost entirely in a peak season(mostly during the summer) and not year round (see e.g. Yrigoy et al., 2023; Ghaderi et al.,2022). From initially having had a focus on some specific coastal European urbandestinations such as Barcelona, Venice and Dubrovnik in many studies (see e.g. Verissimoet al., 2020) the recent years‘ research also has included rural remote places worldwide forinvestigations (see e.g. Eckert et al., 2019; Ghaderi et al., 2022; Lundmark et al, 2020) as wellas new urban destinations that earlier have been unknown as places for overtourism (seee.g. Fedyk et al., 2023).Most earlier attitude investigations on overtourism have had a focus on the destinationsand their local residents and stakeholders (see.e.g. Kim and Kang, 2020; Kuscer and Mihalic,2019). Despites few studies during recent years (e.g. Kainthola et al., 2021)tourists‘ perspective and attitudes on the issue has been less visible in the research.Especially, a lack of knowledge on travellers comming from tourist generating nations orregions and their attitudes towards overtourism in city destinations has been obviouslyinvisible. Thus, the purpose of this research is to fill this gap for Sweden and Swedishtravellers to city destionations. This will be our contribution to existing body of researchon the issue. Following research questions will be answered in this paper:–How Swedish travellers define, perceive and reason around the phenomenon ofoertourism in city destinations?132–What kind of solutions to the problem is suggested by them?MethodologyThis study is explorative in its nature and is based an online survey. The authors initiallyadopted a predominantly quantitative approach to reach a large number of respondents tocater to representativeness (Bryman 2016). Thus, several questions and comment optionswere also purposely given to the respondents to get deeper insigts of their attitudes andperceptions of the topic. The survey that contained 15 questions was firstly screened forethical issues by the host university. The authors guaranteed total anonymity to therespondents through considering the European GDPR (General Data ProtectionRegulation) that concerns protect of personal issues in research. Then the survey waspublished at tens of Swedish social forums (public and private pages on Linkedin andFacebook). After two months (February- March 2023) and several reminders we got 370completed surveys.Preliminary FindingsA look at the sample shows that 55% of the respondens (202 individuals) are women andthe rest are men. A predominat majority of them (74%) are older than 40 year and they areeither employed (56%), retired (31%), students (9%) or others (4%) and a predominantmajority (83%) of them has postseconday/academic education. Over 70% of them state thatthey travel abroad twice or more each year, and 54% has travelled to abroad more than 16times during last ten years. A majority answers that they have good knowledge onovertourism and almost all of them define the term with their own words. Also theydescribe typical examples of situations of ourtourism that they have been witnessses to.Based on their experiences they mention many urban destinations in the world that theyperceived as places with ourtourism. This includes already known places as well as notexpected places, major metropolitain areas as well as small less known towns and specificareas or districts in urban regions. 75% of the respondents beleive that overtourism is aproblem and they point to many enviromental issues, tentions, crimiality, increased prices,negative tourism experiences, etcetera that are linked to overtourism. 25% of therespondents that would not consider it as a problem reason among other things thatovertourism is a temporary phenomenon during short time of peak season, that this is goodfor the destinations economy and standard of living, it facilitates cultural encounters,etcetera. Those that beleive overtourism is a problem suggest as solution more research,knowledge to the general public, quota system, regulations, restrictions, seasonprolongation, etcetera.133Preliminary ConclusionsThe respondents in this research point to a very complex phenomenon with multifacettedproblems as the consequence and that also needs to be solved in a multifacetted way withdifferent actors/stakeholder both in tourist generating regions and in tourist receivingregions i.e. destinations exposed by overtourism. As a part of the respondents mean, onecannot prevent people to travel but people can get important and necessary help beforedeparture but also at the destinations to enjoy the travel without being harmful tothemselves, to other tourists, residents and to the sensitive historical sites and naturalenvironments.ReferencesBryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford, England: Oxford university press.Eckert, C., Zacher, D., Pechlaner, H., Namberger, P., & Schmude, J. (2019). Strategies andmeasures directed towards overtourism: a perspective of European DMOs. InternationalJournal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 639–655.Fedyk, W., Sltysik, M., Rolczynski, T., Taheri, B., Borzyszkowski, J., and Okumus, F.(2023), Overtourism in a City Destination from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs:Evidence from Wroclaw, Poland, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 14 (2),pp. 442- 457.Ghaderi, Z, Hall, M.C., and Ryan, C. (2022), Overtourism, residents and Iranian ruralvillages: Voices from a developing country, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Vol.37, 100487.Kainthola, S., Tiwari, P., & Chowdhary, N. R. (2021). Overtourism to zero tourism:Changing tourists’ perception of crowding post COVID-19. Journal of Spatial andOrganizational Dynamics, 9(2), 115-137.Kim, S., and Kang, Y. (2020), Why do residents in an overtourism destination developanti-tourist attitudes? An exploration of residents’ experience through the lens of thecommunity-based tourism, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research Vol. 25, Issue 8, pp. 858-876.Kuscer, K., and and Mihalic, T. (2019), Residents’ Attitudes towards Overtourism fromthe Perspective of Tourism Impacts and Cooperation—The Case of Ljubljana,Sustainability 11, 1823.Lundmark, L., Müller, D. K., & Bohn, D. (2020). Arctification and the paradox ofovertourism in sparsely populated areas. Dipping in to the north: Living, working andtraveling in sparsely populated areas, 349-371.134Milano, C., Novelli, M., and Cheer, J.M. (2022), Overtourism. In Buhalis, D (Ed),Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing, pp. 413-416. Elgar onlineSantos-Rojo, C., Llopis-Amorós, M., and García-García, J.M. (2023), Overtourism andsustainability: A bibliometric study (2018–2021), Technological Forecasting & Social Change188, 122285.Veríssimo, M., Moraes, M., Breda, Z., Guizi, A., & Costa, C. (2020). Overtourism andtourismphobia: A systematic literature review. Tourism: An International InterdisciplinaryJournal, 68(2), 156-169.Yrigoy, I., Horrach, P., Escudero, L., & Mulet, C. (2023). Co-opting overtourism: tourismstakeholders’ use of the perceptions of overtourism in their power struggles. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-17.
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| 5. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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The perception of halal concept of hoteliers in the light of social exchange theory : a Swedish study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. - UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2514-9792.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims at from the perspective of the social exchange theory (SET) gaining an understanding of how promotion of halal concept in Sweden is perceived by Swedish hoteliers. A mixed-methods approach has been used consisting of 62 completed surveys with closed-ended and open-ended questions, follow-up comments and five in-depth interviews with hoteliers in the mid-Sweden region. Content analysis has been employed. Three categories of meanings are the main findings: general perception, safeguarding Swedish secular values and financially unjustifiable have been discovered. Most of the respondents have been sceptical towards halal and Muslim-friendly hotel concepts due to financial and cultural challenges these two concepts have for the Swedish tourism and hotel industries. Based on the SET, this entails more costs than benefits and is especially at odds with Swedish-rooted secular values. This study provides practical implications and increased knowledge for tourism stakeholders including hotels in Sweden. This is one of the very few studies on halal tourism in Scandinavia and the first Scandinavian study on hoteliers' attitudes towards halal tourism.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Case Studies of Tourism Education Development Through Community Engagement : Towards a Swedish Model Inspired by the EU-project TARSI
- 2011
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Ingår i: Insights. - Utena : Utenos Kolegija. - 2029-1639. ; 4:5, s. 52-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation of educational and community engagement activities is explored in the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation via action research case studies. The important activities found are Assignments, Internship, Alumni, and Tourism Organisation and Business Contacts. Effectiveness is assessed as educational expediency, network building and labour market partnership. Problems include: lack of resources, and serving academic and community demands simultaneously may cause quality problems.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Community Engagement by an academic tourism department
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Food, Hospitality and Tourism. - Manchester : Manchester Metropolitan University. - 2043-8907. ; 2:1, s. 52-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of community engagement is debated by academics at universities and stakeholders in the higher education sector. Ideas from the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation are analysed to see how they can be implemented in an academic tourism department, and a community engagement model developed. Exploratory research is conducted using a qualitative method approach with case studies. Conclusions: 1. focused objectives for each stakeholder group which will be influenced by the tourism academy´s community engagement, 2. important prerequisites for the tourism academy engagement in the community and 3. potential co-creative actions, which the Tourism Department has possibilities to conduct.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Network action toolbox for an academic tourism department : a Swedish model inspired by the EU-project TARSI
- 2011
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Ingår i: Insights. - Utena : Utenos Kollegija. - 2029-1639. ; 4:5, s. 39-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose is to consider ideas from the EU-project Tailored Applied Research System Implementation, and investigate network actions by an academic department. The theoretical framework's themes are educational pedagogy, course content, education openness, external assignment, contract courses, internships and network groups. An exploratory research with 9 case studies has been conducted using our own Tourism Department as the study object. It is important for academic departments to work with stakeholder related network actions organized into a tool box concept.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Onn, Gustaf, 1962-
(författare)
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Educational Community Engagement – a chance for students in tourism to get closer to the chaos of the archipelago entrepreneur?
- 2017
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Ingår i: 26th Nordic Symposium of Tourism and Hospitality Research, October 4-6 2017, Falun, Sweden. - Falun : Högskolan Dalarna. ; , s. 63-64
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While Tourism in Sweden is booming, the Stockholm Archipelago seems to be at a standstill at best (Tillväxtverket 2016) Attempts at seasonal prolongation show no clear results. Archipelago Business Development is a 3-years EU-Interreg project commenced October 2016 aiming at business model improvement. At Södertörn University, students from Tourism studies, Business Studies and Media Technology are enrolled. The project is on the Swedish side currently recruiting businesses to participate in the project. Pilots using course work, where students find their own empirical objects include intermediate level projects in Net-based Information Systems, Tourism innovation projects pursuing improvements in business models. Several bachelor, and master essays are under way. Students are to interact with entrepreneurs through business clinics –speed-dating like consultancies where the business bring their problems and students collaborate in teams to suggest solutions to the problems, possibly backed up by experts. Also, there is to be an accelerator programme where a selected number of entrepreneurs are in for a long term business model development project of longitudinal character, where students may join at a certain point or follow the process. In April 24th, there will be a student kick-off at Södertörn University with participants from the business side, municipalities and Swedish project partners and on April 26th, the corresponding event will be in Turku with all project partners. Expectations are that students will get a closer grip on the reality of businesses. At the time of the conference, experience from this pedagogical experiment will have some results to discuss.
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