| 1. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 4. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2016
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the third year, the AHA festival investigates the meeting between art and science in a three-day event at the Chalmers University of Technology hosted by the Department of Architecture and the Department of Physics. An international festival intended to provide enlightening experiences, staging surprises, new thoughts and displaced perspectives that lead to alternative modes of thinking about exploring the world through art and science. We invite scientists (physicists, historians, astronomers, engineers), artists (dancers, musicians, painters, poets, acrobats) who reside in these borderlands and wish to share their vision and work. The key intention is to celebrate both art and science as key knowledge building devices.The first year’s theme ’Embodiment’ (2014) explored the body as our anchor in the world, followed by the 2015 theme on ’Numbers’, a delightful net we cast over the world. This year's theme is ’Uni-verse,’ again a natural consequence of our interest in the relation between art and science. The elemental force that drives science as well as art is curiosity. Come be curious with us! During the festival we have chosen to divide the word universe into three: uni and "-" and verse. Uni means that something is combined into a whole. Verse means that we are turned in a direction, the origin of the word tells us that it is the plow that turns at the end of the field. And the dash "-" is all the spaces and cracks where new discoveries can grow. Art and science unfolds in the gap between what we know and what we want to know.
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| 5. |
- Reckien, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of urban climate adaptation plans over time
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2661-8001. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining and measuring progress in adaptation are important questions for climate adaptation science, policy, and practice. Here, we assess the progress of urban adaptation planning in 327 European cities between 2005 and 2020 using three ‘ADAptation plan Quality Assessment’ indices, called ADAQA-1/ 2/ 3, that combine six plan quality principles. Half of the cities have an adaptation plan and its quality significantly increased over time. However, generally, plan quality is still low in many cities. Participation and monitoring and evaluation are particularly weak aspects in urban adaptation policy, together with plan ‘consistency’. Consistency connects impacts and vulnerabilities with adaptation goals, planned measures, actions, monitoring and evaluation, and participation processes. Consistency is a key factor in the overall quality of plans. To help evaluate the quality of plans and policies and promote learning, we suggest incorporating our ADAptation plan Quality Assessment indices into the portfolio of adaptation progress assessments and tracking methodologies.
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| 6. |
- Salvia, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Will climate mitigation ambitions lead to carbon neutrality? An analysis of the local-level plans of 327 cities in the EU
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities across the globe recognise their role in climate mitigation and are acting to reduce carbon emissions. Knowing whether cities set ambitious climate and energy targets is critical for determining their contribution towards the global 1.5 °C target, partly because it helps to identify areas where further action is necessary. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the mitigation targets of 327 European cities, as declared in their local climate plans. The sample encompasses over 25% of the EU population and includes cities of all sizes across all Member States, plus the UK. The study analyses whether the type of plan, city size, membership of climate networks, and its regional location are associated with different levels of mitigation ambition. Results reveal that 78% of the cities have a GHG emissions reduction target. However, with an average target of 47%, European cities are not on track to reach the Paris Agreement: they need to roughly double their ambitions and efforts. Some cities are ambitious, e.g. 25% of our sample (81) aim to reach carbon neutrality, with the earliest target date being 2020.90% of these cities are members of the Climate Alliance and 75% of the Covenant of Mayors. City size is the strongest predictor for carbon neutrality, whilst climate network(s) membership, combining adaptation and mitigation into a single strategy, and local motivation also play a role. The methods, data, results and analysis of this study can serve as a reference and baseline for tracking climate mitigation ambitions across European and global cities.
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| 7. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2014
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Science and art” is the typical motto of a polytechnic, with the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm as a Swedish example. Only too seldom do we have occasion to ask ourselves what the words are meant to imply.The Royal Institute of Technology received its emblem in 1827. At that time, ”science” referred to theoretical knowledge, and ”art” to practical ability. Our understanding of the world around us on the one hand, our capacity to change it on the other – in both cases in a systematic or methodical fashion, and in both cases in broad generality. Today, we would rather speak of theory and practice, but the question is essentially the same: how do we go from thought to action, and how do we get back again?But the meaning of the two words was soon to change. Today, ”science” no longer refers to systematic knowledge, but rather to a highly professionalised, specialised and often technically advanced activity intended for the production of empirically secure facts. Similarly, ”art” is no longer a methodical ability, but rather a complex and autonomous activity comparable to science: the creation of images, sounds, and other forms of sensuous experience with a most immediate effect. Forms that grab hold, shake up, leave us at a loss. Experiences that make us question ourselves and the world around us.The relation between science and art has become more complex, but is just as important to attend to. Their meeting is still that of theory and practice, but also something more: a meeting of causal connections and meaningful coherences, of given conditions and unsuspected possibilities, of the order of things and our own place within it.By bringing together science and art, architecture provides an ideal playing field for such a confrontation. This is why the Department of Architecture at the Chalmers University of Technology has initiated the AHA! Festival, October 21–23, 2014 that, during three days of lectures, workshops, conversations, exhibitions, concerts, performances, and mingles, will offer thought-provoking experiences, hands-on surprises, itinerant perspectives, and savoury ideas. In this way the festival welcomes students and researches at Chalmers and the University of Gothenburg to turn the searchlight onto the relation between two different– but equally important – human activities.
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| 8. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2015
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AHA festival investigates the borders between art and science in a three-day event at the Chalmers University of Technology hosted by the Department of Architecture. An international festival intended to provide enlightening experiences, staging surprises, new thoughts and displaced perspectives that lead to alternative modes of thinking about the space between art and science. We invite scientists (physicists, historians, mathematicians, medical students), artists (dancers, musicians, painters, poets, chefs) and not least architects, who reside in these borderlands and wish to share their vision and work. The key intention is to celebrate both art and science as key knowledge building devices.
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| 9. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative Foodscapes: The potential of food in sustainable urban development through an increase in organoleptic quality and social cohesion
- 2013
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Ingår i: IV EUGEO Congress Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper will maintain that the increase of quality and embeddedness involves an increase in organoleptic urban qualities leading to improvement of the urban quality and enhancement of sustainable urban lifestyles. Organoleptic urban qualities refer to spaces in cities that are capable of stimulating the senses, which we believe, is achieved through bodily engagement and participation. Such aims initiate with including AFN’s in the urban planning process and the necessity for design of a persuasive design agenda. By using a platform of theory, practice and education, we demonstrate how ‘food’ could be included in city making and design as a viable ingredient in sustainable urban development. We hope to underpin this through the vital role of design-based research and transdisciplinary methods, as well as practice-based case studies. A theoretical project highlighted will be ‘Foodprints’, which applied concepts from biomimicry, systems thinking and scenario building to demonstrate the development for new urban food models to policy-makers. The toolkit produced a methodology to map the behavior of citizens, politics, architecture, logistics, food, farming and ecology within the urbanscape. It devised a catalyst to help navigate through the diversely complex issues surrounding urban agriculture creating a discussion platform for the potential of ‘food’ in crafting resilient cities. Practice-based research will include Swedish examples from Stockholm and Gothenburg, including the Hornstull Stadsodling in Högalidsparken, Linholmen Konsthallen and På Spåret Tradgården interventions. Finally, the necessity for urban agriculture as an active and practical ingredient in academia will be shown through the on-going Stockholm University practice/theory course on urban agriculture.It is our aim to show that by rendering the inclusion of food as an essential urban infrastructure, reimagining the urbanscape as partially a ‘food’ and ‘farm’scape, could render these spaces (AFN’s) as active and participatory social entities, producers of new knowledge in urban design, and instigate sustainable awareness surrounding food production, consumption and distribution.
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| 10. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976
(författare)
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Body Weathering
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Art of Research VI Сonference 2017 - Catalyses, Interventions, Transformations.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weather is not an object experienced from a distance, but rather a medium in which every living being is immersed. This weather reporting views clouds as ‘containers of possibility,’ as an infrastructure for thinking about the body as a vibrant, experiential and living matter to reinforce a direct relation to nature – merging land and sky. Because environmental commitments are complex, I enter the challenge through exploring embodied modes of inquiry into urban-making using a corporeal relation to clouds and atmosphere, exploring their common materiality through a day’s workshop culminating into a performance (modes expressed as intermissions). The artistic research is grounded in a Butoh choreography practice called Body Weather, performing fabulations with clouds supported by theoretical roots in corporeal studies, vibrant materialities, environmental imagining, atmospheres and assembled relations. I engage with the question of how to curate a corporeal poetics in urban-making with clouds in mind, and what if bodily movements created atmospheres to ecologically live by? My intent is to cultivate an artistic embodied approach to urban-making, thinking through clouds and embracing the body as a refined medium for generating a poethic –poetic, political and ethical – entangle with space.
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