| 1. |
- Ahmed, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Ash from H2‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials on the Physicochemical Properties of Raceway Slag and Coke Reactivity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 91:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron and steel industry is one of the most important sectors worldwide, and it has a great impact on the global economy; however, this sector is still highly dependent on fossil carbon. To decrease this dependency, approaches to partially replace the injected pulverized coal with secondary, highly reactive, renewable (biomass) and H2‐rich materials have been studied. The injection of such materials is expected to significantly decrease the emitted CO2 from blast furnaces. However, due to the different ash composition of these alternative materials (especially alkali and alkaline earth metals) compared to that of ordinary injected coal, these materials are expected to alter the raceway slag properties and affect the coke reactivity. In the present article, the effect of the ash from different hydrogen‐rich carbonaceous materials on the raceway slag physicochemical properties as well as coke reactivity is reported. The melting characteristics of the ash briquettes in contact with the coke and wettability of the melted ash on the coke surface are determined visually using an optical heating microscope. The effect of the ash on the coke reactivity is studied by means of thermogravimetry under a continuous flow of CO2.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative membrane proteomics applying narrow range peptide isoelectric focusing for studies of small cell lung cancer resistance mechanisms
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 28:5C, s. 3275-3276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug resistance is often associated with upregulation of membrane-associated drug-efflux systems, and thus global membrane proteomics methods are valuable tools in the search for novel components of drug resistance phenotypes. Herein we have compared the microsomal proteome from the lung cancer cell line H69 and its isogenic Doxorubicin-resistant subcell line H69AR. The method used includes microsome preparation, iTRAQ labeling followed by narrow range peptide IEF in an immobilized pH-gradient (IPG-IEF) and LC-MS/MS analysis. We demonstrate that the microsomal preparation and iTRAQ labeling is reproducible regarding protein content and composition. The rationale using narrow range peptide IPG-IEF separation is demonstrated by its ability to: (i) lowering the complexity of the sample by two-thirds while keeping high proteome coverage (96%), (ii) providing high separation efficiency, and (iii) allowing for peptide validation and possibly identifications of post-transcriptional modifications. After analyzing one-fifth of the IEF fractions (effective pH range of 4.0-4.5), a total of 3704 proteins were identified, among which 527 were predicted to be membrane proteins. One of the proteins found to be differentially expressed was Serca 2, a calcium pump located in the ER membrane that potentially could result in changes of apoptotic response toward Doxorubicin.
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| 3. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Forestry meets Steel. A system study of the possibility to produce DRI (directly Reduced Iron) using gasified biomass.
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECOS 2015 - 28th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - : International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - 9782955553909
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main production of primy Iron from ore is now made by reduction using fossil reductants, either by producing hot metal in the blast furnace process or as directly reduced iron with natural gas as most common reductant. The climate gas impact would be improved if at least pt of the reductants could be produced from Biomass. One possibility could be to use gasified Biomass to produce DRI (Directly Reduced Iron). This is studied in a cooperative project where LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the eas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas e involved. The investigation is made in four pts where the first one is on the supply of biomass. A lge amount of Biomass has to be delivered into a single site to exchange a lge amount of fossil reductant. Also, forestry by-products should be used as most of the round wood is reserved for other uses. Hvesting, logistics and economics e considered. The second pt is on the gasification of the biomass, where the aim is to use to produce hot gas that can be used directly. Pilot experiments e cried out using oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier. The third pt is on the metallurgical processes, where reduction tests e cried out with gas that can be produced in the gasifier. The limitations of the gas content e studied as well as the effect on DRI. Also the suitability of the DRI product is evaluated. The fourth pt of the project uses process integration to model the whole process chain. The results from the other project pts e used to build the system model. It is then used for technical economic optimization the whole system hvesting- Transport-gasifier-direct reduction-use of DRI. The first use of the system model has been to find the best supply road (hvesting, pretreatment and transport) for a chosen production case The simulations indicated that the supply of residuals is possible but will need material from a lge pt of the north Sweden wood ea, and that a relatively lge amount of gas recirculation is needed. The continuing work is focused on further development of the optimization tool and the use of it for more extensive studies of the trade-off between pameters of metallurgy, gasification and supply. The result can be important for evaluation of future industrial applications. It could also help in understanding the effect of governmental control instruments. The paper will mainly focus on the process integration study.
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| 4. |
- Orre, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Optimised integrated steel plant operation dependent on seasonal combined heat and power plant energy demand
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 1974-9791 .- 2283-9216. ; 70, s. 1117-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steel industry is energy intensive with large corresponding contributions of fossil CO2 emissions, which accounts to around 7 % of the global emissions. This presents great challenges, and continuous work is therefore done to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This work evaluates ways of decreasing the total energy demand and CO2 emissions in a system containing integrated steel plant connected to a combined heat and power plant (CHP), through optimised production operation with respect to seasonal-dependent energy demands. The studied system, which includes SSAB EMEA Lulea (integrated steel plant) and LuleKraft (CHP), is located in the municipality of Lulea in northern Sweden. The CHP produces the base demand of district heat (DH) for the community, with process gases from the integrated steel plant as its main fuel. Oil is used as an extra energy source when the amounts of process gases are insufficient to meet the DH demand, which happens mainly in the cold winter periods. Therefore, this study aims to find production guidelines to minimise the additional energy consumption of oil through matching cold winter periods with high production of process gases. Optimisation of the system is performed with a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model based on process data for a normal year. The year is divided into periods based on varying DH demand, to give the model possibility to choose how the integrated steel plant is best operated in each period. The main variables in the integrated steel plant for the study are coke production and usage of recirculated materials, which are bound by yearly demand and availability. Optimisation of this setting is then evaluated in comparison to an optimisation where the integrated steel plant is operated in a constant manner the whole year. Results show that an optimised use of recirculated materials and coke production decreases yearly oil consumption with up to 8 GWh and increases yearly electricity production with up to 8 GWh.
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| 5. |
- Orre, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Potential impacts on the energy system at the integrated steelwork by changing injection coal types to the blast furnace
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - : Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC. - 1974-9791 .- 2283-9216. ; 35, s. 973-978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulverized coal is often injected into the blast furnaces (BFs) at the integrated steelworks as reducing agent for the hot metal production. The BF process will behave different depending on the injection coal used. The objective of this study is to investigate how different types of coal will influence the BF, and the total energy system atan integrated steel plant. The major process units covered in the model are coking plant, BF, reheating furnace at the rolling mill and a power plant. They are all linked to each other via the main products as well as process gases (i.e. blast furnace gas (BFG)and coke oven gas (COG)) and oxygen network. At the studied plant, the mixed gas of BFGand COG is used within the coking batteries at the coking plant and hot stoves at the BF. The fuel used at the reheating furnace is COG and oil with high heating values. In total, 13 different types of coal and one biomass charcoal are included in the study. Possible impacts on energy and CO 2 emission from a holistic view have been analyzed for different types of coal and injection rates. The different strategies on pulverized coal injection to BF are presented and discussed.
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| 6. |
- Orre, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding of Blast Furnace Performance with Biomass Introduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI. - 2075-163X. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The blast furnace still dominates the production and supply of metallic units for steelmaking. Coke and coal used in the blast furnace contribute substantially to CO2 emissions from the steel sector. Therefore, blast furnace operators are making great efforts to lower the fossil CO2 emissions and transition to fossil-free steelmaking. In previous studies the use of pre-treated biomass has been indicated to have great potential to significantly lower fossil CO2 emissions. Even negative CO2 emission can be achieved if biomass is used together with carbon capture and storage. Blast furnace conditions will change at substantial inputs of biomass but can be defined through model calculations when using a model calibrated with actual operational data to define the key blast furnace performance parameters. To understand the effect, the modelling results for different biomass cases are evaluated in detail and the overall performance is visualised in Rist- and carbon direct reduction rate (CDRR) diagrams. In this study injection of torrefied biomass or charcoal, top charging of charcoal as well as the use of a combination of both methods are evaluated in model calculations. It was found that significant impact on the blast furnace conditions by the injection of 142 kg/tHM of torrefied biomass could be counteracted by also top-charging 30 kg/tHM of charcoal. With combined use of the latter methods, CO2-emissions can be potentially reduced by up to 34% with moderate change in blast furnace conditions and limited investments.
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| 7. |
- Sundqvist Őkvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Blast furnace practice with low emission of carbon dioxide
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chernye Metally. - 0132-0890. ; :7, s. 12-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HBI charging has also the potential to significantly reduce the CO2 emission at the BF but for using high amounts as e. g. 50% the production rate should preferably be increased. Lowed added amounts like 20% of HBI or some other scrap product can be used for lowering of CO2 emission and especially if a slight increase of the production rate is desired. The combined cases with lower amount added in terms of biomass products for injection together with top charging of charcoal as well as HBI addition was shown to give effects up to around 20–30%. This could be an advantage from BF operation point of view as the overall process is likely less influenced by such modification. Top gas recycling has been proven in experiments to give the savings that have been estimated in the modeled cases. As the top gas will be used for BF operation others as e. g. oil, NG, COG, biogas or biomass have to be used in heating furnaces, for district heating and power plants. Moreover, it will need installation of CO2 capture plant and enlargement of oxygen production capacity. By limiting the hot gas temperature to 850 ºC and using metallic heat exchangers the hot stoves are available for periods with conventional BF operation.
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| 8. |
- Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Low CO2 ironmaking in the blast furnace : Roheisenerzeugung im Hochofen mit niedrigen CO2 Emissionen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen. - 0340-4803. ; 137:9, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steel industry contributes to the global emissions of fossil CO2 by ~ 7 %, mainly related to coal and coke used in the BF. At the same time the BF is, and will be in a foreseeable future, the most energy efficient method for ore based hot metal production. Several R&D teams have investigated concepts to minimise CO2 emission as e.g. the ULCOS top gas recycling BF, high injection of H2, use of bio-mass products and HBI. In this paper these different options, and in some cases combination of these are analysed relative the BF conditions and their possible impacts on fossil CO2 emission are compared.
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| 9. |
- Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Low CO2 ironmaking in the blast furnace
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen GmbH. - 0340-4803. ; 137:9, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steel industry contributes to the global emissions of fossil CO2 by around 7 %, mainly related to coal and coke used in the BF. At the same time the BF is, and will be in a foreseeable future, the most energy efficient method for ore based hot metal production. Several R&D teams have investigated concepts to minimize CO2 emission as e. g. the ULCOS top gas recycling BF, high injection of H2, use of bio-mass products and HBI. In this paper these different options, and in some cases combination of these are analyzed relative the BF conditions and their possible impacts on fossil CO2 emission are compared.
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| 10. |
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