| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Eriksson K., Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Geometrical and energetical structural changes in organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells probed using photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:1, s. 252-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of alkoxy chain length in triarylamine based donor acceptor organic dyes are investigated with respect to the electronic and molecular surface structures on the performance of solar cells and the electron lifetime. The dyes were investigated when adsorbed on TiO2 in a configuration that can be used for dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Specifically, the two dyes D35 and D45 were compared using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The differences in solar cell characteristics when longer alkoxy chains are introduced in the dye donor unit are attributed to geometrical changes in dye packing while only minor differences were observed in the electronic structure. A higher dye load was observed for D45 on TiO2. However, D35 based solar cells result in higher photocurrent although the dye load is lower. This is explained by different geometrical structures of the dyes on the surface.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Oscarsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Coadsorption of Dye Molecules at TiO2 Surfaces : A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:23, s. 12484-12494
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of coadsorbing the amphiphilic ruthenium-based dye Z907 (cis-bis(isothiocyanato)(2,20-bipyridy1-4,40-dicarboxylato)(4,40-dinony1-20-bipyridy1)-ruthenium(II)) with the coadsorbent DPA (n-decylphosphonic acid) and with the organic dye D35 ((E)-3-(5-(4-(bis(2',4'-dibutoxybiphenyl-4-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid) on mesoporous TiO2 were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Z907 is expected to adsorb to the TiO2 surface via the carboxylic acid groups. However, Z907 also shows signs of interacting with the TiO2 via the sulfur of the thiocyanate groups, and this interaction is affected by both the addition of DPA and D35. DPA, when added, exchanges with Z907 at the TiO2 surface, and each Z907 is replaced by six DPA molecules, but it does not affect the energy level alignment between Z907 and TiO2 substantially. Adding D35 to Z907 induces changes in the adsorption configuration of Z907 by the means of suppressing the interaction of the thiocyanate ligands and the TiO2 surface. The HOMO level of Z907 is shifted by the addition of D35. Coadsorbing Z907 with D35 thus gives changes at a molecular level, meaning that this is an example of collaborative sensitization.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Rask, Marie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Women with abnormal Pap smear result: : a qualitative study of Swedish healthcare professionals' experiences
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 25:6, s. 980-991
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Papanicolaou (Pap) smear can be used to detect pre-cancerous cellular changes, so that they can be treated before they develop into cervical cancer. When the results of a Pap smear test are abnormal, women need further investigation, treatment and follow-up. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are in a position to care for these women with abnormalities. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of HCPs in caring for women with abnormal Pap smear results. In total, 20 HCPs from two counties in south-eastern Sweden participated in individual interviews, based on two open-ended questions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. The results showed that HCPs experienced that abnormal Pap smear results created anxiety in women, who often sought information from the Internet as a way to cope. Furthermore, the HCPs thought that it was a problem that women chose not to attend investigation, treatment and follow-ups. However, information about the seriousness of abnormal Pap smear results causes women to participate. It is a challenge for HCPs to inform in a reassuring manner. Finally, HCPs should collaborate with women to meet their information needs and to also provide support regarding finding and filtering reliable information on the Internet.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Akter, Shaheda T.
(författare)
-
Experimental characterization and numerical modeling of compression perpendicular to the grain in wood and cross-laminated timber
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compression perpendicular to the grain (CPG) of wood is a typical loading situation in timber structures. It has been an extensively studied research topic for decades, due to the highly ductile behavior of wood under such loading, the large variations in mechanical properties, and the relevance of these properties in structural design. Among others, the main influencing factors for CPG properties are stressed volume, load and support configurations, and annual ring orientations to the loading direction. After the innovation of the massive, engineered wood based product, cross-laminated timber (CLT) and its application in high rise buildings, CPG of wood has gained further importance. The development of a non-homogeneous, undesired and combined stress state under CPG in solid wood, due to the material anisotropy in the radial-tangential plane, can build up a complex multi-axial stress state in CLT. As a comparatively new product, the study of the influencing factors for CPG properties of CLT, and an understanding of the local material behavior under such loading, is essential for product characterization and for the development of design guidelines to ensure safe and efficient design.The main aim of the doctoral thesis is to establish a relationship betweenthe anisotropic behavior of clear wood in the transverse plane and the structural response of CLT under CPG loading. Both experimental and numerical studies were adopted herein, to enhance the understanding of the basic material behavior and the product and structural behavior. On the clear wood scale, the focus was on developing a test setup for uniaxial and biaxial loading in the radial-tangential(RT) plane. The potential of the developed test setup for the biaxial testing in the transverse plane was exploited for the investigation of the moisture and time dependent behavior of clear wood under radial compression and rolling shear loading. For data acquisition, in addition to the force and displacement data measured by the internal actuators of the testing machine and an external load cell,a contact-free digital image correlation (DIC) system was used in the experimental investigations. A numerical model was developed, which can describe the elasto-plastic behavior of wood under compression in the transverse plane and predict the structural behavior of solid wood and CLT. For that purpose, a novel Quadratic multi-surface (QMS) failure criterion and a simplified Hoffman failure criterion were implemented in a user-subroutine in the finite element software Abaqus®, and their suitability was compared with the Abaqus implemented Hill’s criterion.The validation of the material models was based on the experimental investigations of failure behavior of clear wood under stress perpendicular to the grain with rolling shear interaction. The material models were further utilized to predict the structural response of solid wood and CLT wall-to-floor connections under CPG loading. The predicted response of CLT connections under CPG by using the above-mentioned material models was compared with experiments, which investigated the influences of different connection types, wall and floor thicknesses, positions of walls, and outer deck layer orientations. The models were then applied to investigate the influence of the pith location in the boards, the number of layers and the thickness of walls and the floor on the stiffness and strength of CLT connections. Moreover, the CLT connection’s rotational rigidity as a consequence of compressive force from the upper floor in a multi-story building was studied by means of finite element calculations.The DIC measured strain fields from the experiments on clear wood confirmed the dependence of strain field on the curvature of the annual rings. As regards the material models, Hill’s model resulted in significantly higher force carrying capacity than experiments on clear wood, whereas Hoffman’s and QMS models predicted reasonably well the force-displacement relationships as found in experiments. The Hoffman’s and QMS models predicted stiffness was about 5–10% higher than corresponding experimental results on clear wood, and about 25% higher for CLT connections. The higher difference in the latter case is due to the difference in material properties of clear wood and structural timber, and the contact behavior between the structural members. The results from CLT wall-to-floor connections revealed a strong influence of loading and supporting configurations, wall thickness and pith locations on their stiffness and strength. A compressive loading on the CLT wall showed a positive effect on the rotational stiffness of CLT wall-to-floor connections, which considerably reduces the CLT floor mid-span deflection in comparison to a simply-supported floor.The thesis work contributes to an enhanced understanding of the anisotropic material behavior of wood in the RT-plane and of its effects on structural timber and CLT under CPG loading. The outcomes of the thesis are beneficial to the product design and standardization of CLT and can be applied in further product development and in optimized structural design.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
