| 1. |
- Douven, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Similarity-based reasoning in conceptual spaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas the validity of deductive inferences can be characterized in terms of their logical form, this is not true for all inferences that appear pre-theoretically valid. Nonetheless, philosophers have argued that at least some of those inferences—sometimes called “similarity-based inferences” —can be given a formal treatment with the help of similarity spaces, which are mathematical spaces purporting to represent human similarity judgments. In these inferences, we conclude that a given property pertains to a category of items on the grounds that the same property pertains to a similar category of items. We look at a specific proposal according to which the strength of such inferences is a function of the distance, as measured in the appropriate similarity space, between the category referenced in the premise and the category referenced in the conclusion. We report the outcomes of three studies that all support the said proposal.
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| 2. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Reasoning with Concepts : A Unifying Framework
- 2023
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Ingår i: Minds and Machines. - 0924-6495. ; 33:3, s. 451-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few decades, cognitive science has identified several forms of reasoning that make essential use of conceptual knowledge. Despite significant theoretical and empirical progress, there is still no unified framework for understanding how concepts are used in reasoning. This paper argues that the theory of conceptual spaces is capable of filling this gap. Our strategy is to demonstrate how various inference mechanisms which clearly rely on conceptual information—including similarity, typicality, and diagnosticity-based reasoning—can be modeled using principles derived from conceptual spaces. Our first topic analyzes the role of expectations in inductive reasoning and their relation to the structure of our concepts. We examine the relationship between using generic expressions in natural language and common-sense reasoning as a second topic. We propose that the strength of a generic can be described by distances between properties and prototypes in conceptual spaces. Our third topic is category-based induction. We demonstrate that the theory of conceptual spaces can serve as a comprehensive model for this type of reasoning. The final topic is analogy. We review some proposals in this area, present a taxonomy of analogical relations, and show how to model them in terms of distances in conceptual spaces. We also briefly discuss the implications of the model for reasoning with concepts in artificial systems.
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| 3. |
- Osta-Vélez, Matías, et al.
(författare)
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Analogy as a search procedure : a dimensional view
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence. - 0952-813X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we outline a comprehensive approach to composed analogies based on the theory of conceptual spaces. Our algorithmic model understands analogy as a search procedure and builds upon the idea that analogical similarity depends on a conceptual phenomena called ‘dimensional salience.’ We distinguish between category-based, property-based, event-based, and part-whole analogies, and propose computationally-oriented methods for explicating them in terms of conceptual spaces.In this paper, we outline a comprehensive approach to composed analogies based on the theory of conceptual spaces. Our algorithmic model understands analogy as a search procedure and builds upon the idea that analogical similarity depends on a conceptual phenomena called ‘dimensional salience.’ We distinguish between category-based, property-based, event-based, and part-whole analogies, and propose computationally-oriented methods for explicating them in terms of conceptual spaces.
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| 4. |
- Osta-Vélez, Matías, et al.
(författare)
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Category-based induction in conceptual spaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2496. ; 96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Category-based induction is an inferential mechanism that uses knowledge of conceptual relations in order to estimate how likely is for a property to be projected from one category to another. During the last decades, psychologists have identified several features of this mechanism, and they have proposed different formal models of it. In this article; we propose a new mathematical model for category-based induction based on distances on conceptual spaces. We show how this model can predict most of the properties of this kind of reasoning while providing a solid theoretical foundation for it. We also show that it subsumes some of the previous models proposed in the literature and that it generates new predictions.
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| 5. |
- Osta-Vélez, Matías, et al.
(författare)
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Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Expectations Orderings, and Conceptual Spaces
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Logic, Language and Information. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-8531 .- 1572-9583. ; 31:1, s. 77-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Gärdenfors and Makinson (Artif Intell 65(2):197–245, 1994) and Gärdenfors (Knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty, Springer-Verlag, 1992) it was shown that it is possible to model nonmonotonic inference using a classical consequence relation plus an expectation-based ordering of formulas. In this article, we argue that this framework can be significantly enriched by adopting a conceptual spaces-based analysis of the role of expectations in reasoning. In particular, we show that this can solve various epistemological issues that surround nonmonotonic and default logics. We propose some formal criteria for constructing and updating expectation orderings based on conceptual spaces, and we explain how to apply them to nonmonotonic reasoning about objects and properties.
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