| 1. |
- Buscaglia, V., et al.
(författare)
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Raman and AFM piezoresponse study of dense BaTiO3 nanocrystalline ceramics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 25:12, s. 3059-3062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics with grain sizes (GSs) below 100 nm obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS), were investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy in order to obtain information about the changes in the local order induced by size effects. The obtained spectra in the range 80-700 K showed the presence of all the crystalline phases of BaTiO3, even in the finest structure (50 nm grain size ceramic), with particularities attributed to the high density of non-ferroelectric grain boundaries. The AFM piezoresponse study incontestably proved the ferroelectric switching at local scale in nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics at room temperature.
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| 2. |
- Petzelt, J., et al.
(författare)
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Grain boundary and size effect on the dielectric, infrared and Raman response of SrTiO3 nanograin ceramics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ferroelectrics (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0015-0193 .- 1563-5112. ; 363, s. 227-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently revealed giant grain size effect on dielectric properties in undoped SrTiO3 ceramics (J. Petzelt et al., J. Phys.: Con dens. Matter 19, 196222 (2007) and references therein), was extended to smaller grains of 80 nm mean grain size. Like for previously studied ceramics with larger grain size, in addition to dielectric permittivity also the infrared and Raman responses were studied and discussed. It was shown that the reduced effective permittivity is fully accounted for by the infrared soft mode behaviour and, similar to single crystals and other ceramics studied, no dielectric dispersion appears below the THz frequency range. The rather universal (independent of the grain size and sintering process) double dead layer structure was proposed to be responsible for the observed changes in the infrared and Raman spectra, allowing the grain core to keep the single crystal dielectric function. The outer dead layer shell (obviously charged due to an oxygen deficit) is very thin (similar to 1 nm) having frequency and temperature independent low permittivity (similar to 10) and is responsible for the static permittivity suppression. The inner layer of only slightly distorted perovskite structure is polar with local polarization normal to grain boundaries gradually decreasing towards the grain centre. This polarization and/or the thickness of the polar layers, which compensate the charged grain boundaries, appear to increase on decreasing temperature, particularly below the structural phase transition. Its nature is still not fully understood. In agreement with our previous suggestions, from the Raman data it con be also concluded that in the low-temperature tetragonal phase of all SrTiO3 ceramics, the local tetragonal axes tend perpendicular to the grain boundaries and the tetragonality is strongly reduced compared to single crystals.
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