| 1. |
- Aspevall, O, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of four chromogenic urine culture media after one or two days of incubation compared with reference media.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 40, s. 1500-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four chromogenic urine culture media were compared to culture on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and CLED (cysteine-, lactose-, and electrolyte-deficient) agar for detection of uropathogens in 1,200 urine specimens. After 2 nights of incubation, 96% of all isolates were recovered on blood agar, 96% were recovered on CLED agar, 92% were recovered on CPS ID2, 96% were recovered on CHROMagar Orientation from BBL, 95% were recovered on CHROMagar Orientation from The CHROMagar Company, and 95% were recovered on Chromogenic UTI Medium.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Petersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Collectivity and Circularity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Concepts of Sharedness - Essays on Collective Intentionality. - 9783938793961
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The common claim that the notion of collective action must figure in the content of the attitudes of the parties to a collective action gives rise to a circularity challenge. Standard responses to this challenge are criticized. This article’s solution exploits a notion of collectivity that does not presuppose intention: a purely causal conception that can be explicated in terms of dispositions and causal agency. Participants in a jointly intentional collective action do not need to possess a stronger notion of collectivity than this. In particular, they do not need to possess the concept of a jointly intentional collective action.
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| 4. |
- Åsgård, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for different mechanisms of action behind the mutagenic effects of 4-NOPD and OPD : the role of DNA damage, oxidative stress and an imbalanced nucleotide pool
- 2013
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Ingår i: Mutagenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0267-8357 .- 1464-3804. ; 28:6, s. 637-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mutagenicity of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NOPD) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was compared using the Mouse Lymphoma Assay (MLA) with or without metabolic activation (S9). As expected, OPD was found to be a more potent mutagen than 4-NOPD. To evaluate possible mechanisms behind their mutagenic effects, the following end points were also monitored in cells that had been exposed to similar concentrations of the compounds as in the MLA: general DNA damage (using a standard protocol for the Comet assay); oxidative DNA damage (using a modified procedure for the Comet assay in combination with the enzyme hOGG1); reactive oxygen species (ROS; using the CM-H(2)DCFDA assay); and the balance of the nucleotide pool (measured after conversion to the corresponding nucleosides dC, dT, dG and dA using high-performance liquid chromatography). Both compounds increased the level of general DNA damage. Again, OPD was found to be more potent than 4-NOPD (which only increased the level of general DNA damage in the presence of S9). Although less obvious for OPD, both compounds increased the level of oxidative DNA damage. However, an increase in intracellular ROS was only observed in cells exposed to 4-NOPD, both with and without S9 (which in itself induced oxidative stress). Both compounds decreased the concentrations of dA, dT and dC. A striking effect of OPD was the sharp reduction of dA observed already at very low concentration, both with and without S9 (which in itself affected the precursor pool). Taken together, our results indicate that indirect effects on DNA, possibly related to an unbalanced nucleotide pool, mediate the mutagenicity and DNA-damaging effects of 4-NOPD and OPD to a large extent. Although induction of intracellular oxidative stress seems to be a possible mechanism behind the genotoxicity of 4-NOPD, this pathway seems to be of less importance for the more potent mutagen OPD.
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