| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Agama-Acevedo, Edith, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fiber content, texture, and in vitro starch digestibility of different white bread crusts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210. ; 89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different types of white bread are sold and widely consumed worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the starch digestibility in the crust of different white breads. Three popular commercial white breads were analyzed for dietary fiber (DF), thermal properties, texture, starch hydrolysis and resistant starch (RS) contents, in freshly baked and stored samples. The DF content in fresh crusts “as eaten” (6.8–7.2%) represents about 25% of the recommended daily consumption. The hardness and elasticity, RS and DF contents increased upon storage, associated with incomplete starch gelatinization and retrogradation, corroborated by the thermal analysis. The hydrolysis rate suggested that the structural arrangement of the starch components in the crust, possibly due to the low water content resulting from evaporation during baking and upon storage, restricts the susceptibility to digestive enzymes action. Consumption of bread crust may be suggested as a means to increase the DF intake.
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| 4. |
- Agama-Acevedo, Edith, et al.
(författare)
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Unripe plantain flour as a dietary fiber source in gluten-free spaghetti with moderate glycemic index
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0145-8892 .- 1745-4549. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gluten-free products generally have low dietary fiber (DF) content. The aim of this study was to prepare a DF-rich gluten-free spaghetti and to evaluate the influence of the DF source on the chemical composition, cooking quality, texture, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index of the product. Unripe plantain flour (UPF) and Hi-Maize 260 were used as DF sources. The total DF in the uncooked samples was higher in the spaghetti with Hi-Maize 260 (17.4%) than in the UPF-containing one (9.6%), but no difference was observed between the two kinds of pastas (31%). Spaghetti with UPF showed shorter cooking time and lower cooking loss than the Hi-Maize 260-based sample. Microscopy observations revealed the presence of central zones containing ungelatinized starch granules. The predicted glycemic index of both spaghetti preparations was similar (66) and typical of medium GI products. UPF may be used as DF source in gluten-free pasta. Practical applications: Unripe plantain flour (UPF) is a source of indigestible carbohydrates (dietary fiber), including resistant starch. The consumption of starchy foods, like spaghetti, produce glucose peaks that are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Spaghetti with moderate glycemic index can be elaborate with the blend of other gluten-free flours as chickpea and maize. The study showed the factibility of UPF as source of dietary fiber in a gluten-free spaghetti at a lower cost than the commercial source (Hi-Maize 260).
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| 5. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
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International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
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| 6. |
- Batrancea, Larissa, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and power as determinants of tax compliance across 44 nations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4870 .- 1872-7719. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The slippery slope framework of tax compliance emphasizes the importance of trust in authorities as a substantial determinant of tax compliance alongside traditional enforcement tools like audits and fines. Using data from an experimental scenario study in 44 nations from five continents (N = 14,509), we find that trust in authorities and power of authorities, as defined in the slippery slope framework, increase tax compliance intentions and mitigate intended tax evasion across societies that differ in economic, sociodemographic, political, and cultural backgrounds. We also show that trust and power foster compliance through different channels: trusted authorities (those perceived as benevolent and enhancing the common good) register the highest voluntary compliance, while powerful authorities (those perceived as effectively controlling evasion) register the highest enforced compliance. In contrast to some previous studies, the results suggest that trust and power are not fully complementary, as indicated by a negative interaction effect. Despite some between-country variations, trust and power are identified as important determinants of tax compliance across all nations. These findings have clear implications for authorities across the globe that need to choose best practices for tax collection.
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| 7. |
- Bello-Pérez, Luis A., et al.
(författare)
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Whole Unripe Plantain Flour as Unconventional Carbohydrate Source to Prepare Gluten-Free Pasta with High Dietary Fiber Content and Reduced Starch Hydrolysis
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Ingår i: Starch/Staerke. - 0038-9056.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of non-starch polysaccharides of whole unripe plantain flour (WUPF) on the starch hydrolysis rate provides information on the potential glycemic impact of the use of this flour to produce gluten-free foods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber (DF)) present in the peel of unripe plantain flour on starch digestion, texture, and DF content of laminated pasta. The unripe plantain pulp flour (UPF) is used as a reference. Pasta based on these flours is prepared by sheeting. Proximate composition, cooking quality, texture, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and starch hydrolysis rate of the pasta are evaluated. An appreciable higher DF content is recorded in the cooked WUPF pasta which is associated with the non-starch polysaccharides of the peel. In general, the cooking quality and texture of both pastas are similar, falling within the range considered for good quality pasta. The resistant starch content is higher in the pasta of WUPF. The presence of polyphenols in the cooked WUPF pasta may also contribute to reducing the starch digestion rate. The WUPF can be an alternative to preparing gluten-free pasta with reduced starch hydrolysis and high DF content.
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| 8. |
- Calderón-Contreras, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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A regional PECS node built from place-based social-ecological sustainability research in Latin America and the Caribbean
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 18:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability requires a combination of meaningful co-production of locally relevant solutions, synthesis of insights gained across regions, and increased cooperation between science, policy and practice. The Programme for Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) has been coordinating Place-Based Social-Ecological Sustainability Research (PBSESR) across the globe and emphasizes the need for regional scientific nodes from diverse biocultural regions to inform sustainability science and action. In this paper, we assess the strengths of the PBSESR communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We provide an overview of PBSESR literature associated with this region and highlight the achievements of two prominent regional networks: The Social-Ecological Systems and Sustainability Research Network from Mexico (SocioEcoS) and the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies from Uruguay (SARAS Institute). Finally, we identify the potential in these nodes to constitute a regional PECS node in Latin America and discuss the capacity needed to ensure such function. The results of the literature review show that while still loosely interconnected across the region, networks play key roles in connecting otherwise cloistered teams and we illustrate how the SocioEcoS network (focusing on transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge towards sustainability) and the SARAS Institute (focusing on innovative approaches for looking at complex social-ecological problems, rooted in slow science and arts) operate as key connectors in the region. We conclude that these organizations combined can embody a Latin American node for PECS, and would thereby not only contribute to regional but also global capacities to advance the sustainability agenda.
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| 9. |
- Carmona-Garcia, Roselis, et al.
(författare)
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Pregelatinised amaranth flour as an ingredient for low-fat gluten-free cakes
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 0950-5423 .- 1365-2621. ; 57:4, s. 2346-2355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work explored the use of pregelatinised amaranth flour (PAF) as an oil substitute in the preparation of amaranth cakes. Amaranth flour was extruded to achieve approximately 50% gelatinisation, ground and sieved. The PAF was used to replace the oil in the cake preparation at levels 33, 66% and 100%. FTIR analysis of the cake formulations showed that PAF modified the molecular organisation of starch and proteins. The starch showed more hydrated structures, although less ordered. The proteins exhibited a significant reduction in the β structures and a marked increase of the side chains, probably caused by the interaction with amaranth starch. The in vitro digestibility of starch showed a slight increase with the addition of PAF. The slowly digesting starch fraction showed a visible decrease, reflecting the presence of starch chains more accessible to amylolysis. Instrumental texture revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in cake hardness with the addition of PAF, particularly for medium (66%) and high (100%) oil replacements. Sensory analysis showed that the perceived texture, flavour and colour were negatively affected by the addition of the pregelatinised flour. Overall, the sensory analysis indicated that cakes with low levels of PAF oil replacement may be acceptable to consumers.
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| 10. |
- Carvalho, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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A drill-hole, geological and geophysical data-based 3D model for target generation in Neves-Corvo mine region, Portugal
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of earth sciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1437-3254 .- 1437-3262. ; 111, s. 403-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neves-Corvo world class Iberian Pyrite Belt volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit located in southern Portugal, constitutes an important Cu-Zn-Pb active mine. Seven deposits are currently known, among which the Lombador deposit alone has estimated 150 Mt of massive sulphides. The life-time of the mine is dependent on the discovery of new exploration targets and it is vital to have accurate 3D geological models, not only to guide drilling campaigns but also to drive a winning/new strategy, which in the past has led to Semblana and Monte Branco discoveries: geophysical inversion and modelling. Furthermore, 3D geological models can contribute to the understanding of the tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the region. Therefore, the goal of this study is to produce a realistic 3D geological model of the Neves-Corvo region, as only one model is presently publicly available: the PROMINE model, which includes the study area of this work and extends from Aljustrel to the border with Spain. Lundin Mining has also produced two unpublished, confidential models in 2007 and 2017. The latest Lundin model incorporates the same geophysical data used in this work (2D and 3D seismic reflection and time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) ground loop data) and approximately 7500 surface and underground drill-holes. The model presented in this research has much more detail than the 2012 PROMINE model in the Neves-Corvo region and uses an updated and revised drill-hole database with approximately 8000 drill-holes, revised geological cross-sections built from surface geology and drill-hole logs, new geological outcrop data, petrophysical and reprocessed geophysical data, and is therefore more detailed and accurate than any of the previous models, in particular the 2007 and PROMINE models. Land gravimetric and aeromagnetic data are also available in the study area but were not directly used to build the geological model but rather to investigate and check the model produced. Modelling was performed with industry standard software and the 3D curves resulting from the geological/geophysical interpretation were interpolated using different approaches to respect the hard data (interpretation lines and drill-holes). The resulting 3D stratigraphic surfaces required strong manual editing to respect the interpretation, due to the presence of folds, thrusts and tectonic nappes in the study area. The surfaces were afterwards tied to the drill-holes, resulting in a 3D model with great accuracy and detail in the near mining area and covering a larger area than previously available 3D geological models. The model has three major stratigraphic layers: the Mertola Flysch Formation and the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex (VSC), overlying the Phyllite-Quartzite Formation basement, and also the known VMS deposits (underlying the top of the Lower VSC) geometries according to drill-hole data. In the central part of the study area, where more drill-holes are available, the top of the Lower VSC sequence surface was also built. This approach will contribute to a better exploration drill-hole planning and the generation of new targets for exploration.
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