| 1. |
- Cechin, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
-
Economia verde : por que o otimismo deve ser aliado ao ceticismo da razão
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Estudos Avançados. - São Paulo : Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo. - 0103-4014 .- 1806-9592. ; 26:74, s. 121-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The green economy initiative carries with it the optimistic view that theeconomy can and should be driven by investments in clean activities as opposed to theextraction of natural resources and polluting industries. However there are limits to theemphasis that is often put on efficiency improvements and on the substitution betweensectors of an economy. For the economy to be green, the reduction in environmentalimpact per unit of GDP should be higher than GDP growth over a period. Even thoughrecent evidence shows that some countries aparently passed the peak in the use of materialsand energy, global extraction of natural resources and CO2 emissions has increased.A probable cause is that rich countries have outsourced polluting activities to poorercountries. It is time to bring the skepticism of reason to the debate and seriously discussdegrowth, not of GDP or of opportunities for human development, but of the globalresource extration and carbon emissions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hamwey, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping Green Product Spaces of Nations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : Sage Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 22:2, s. 155-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As countries transition to a green economy, they will need to identify profitable entry points in which they can favorably compete with other nations in emerging green markets. Identifying and building supply capacity for commercially viable, competitive green product exports can be seen as a fundamental part of supporting green growth and sustainable development. Building on the product space model initially advanced by Hidalgo et al. in 2007, this article proposes a green product space methodology to map the export strengths of countries for a specified set of green products. The methodology does so by identifying green products for which a country is likely to be competitive in the world market based on export performance of related products. Results for Brazil are presented to illustrate the green product space methodology followed by a discussion of its limitations and potential contribution to industrial policy formulation to support emerging green sectors.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Pacini, Henrique
(författare)
-
Carbon emissions and development paths : A discussion of the Kuznets environmental curve
- 2010
-
Ingår i: UNCTAD Public Symposium 2010. - Geneva : United Nations.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A common goal among governments is to promote socio-economic development and raise living standards of populations worldwide. As of today, some countries have achieved considerable development levels as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). On the other hand, a large part of the world population lives in developing countries, and many still lack access to the services and goods thought to be standard in the modern society. This discussion paper engages in a critical discussion of the Kuznets Environmental Curve concept which implies a emporary increase in carbon emissions per unit of GDP as countries transition to higher development levels. The coming years will see enduring efforts for socio-economic improvements in low and mid-developed countries, but the feasibility of conventional development models is put into question. Development paths based on emission-intensive growth have to be phased-out towards a low-carbon equivalent, not only by the leading countries but most importantly in the developing world.
|
|
| 6. |
- Pacini, Henrique, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Intensities of Economies from the Perspective of Learning Curves
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Challenges in Sustainability. - : Librello. - 2297-6477. ; 1:2, s. 94-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While some countries have achieved considerable development, many others still lack accessto the goods and services considered standard in the modern society. As CO2 emissions and development are often correlated, this paper employs the theoretical background of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the learning curves toolkit to analyze how carbon intensities have changed as countries move towards higher development (and cumulative wealth) levels. The EKC concept is then tested with the methodology of learning curves for the period between 1971 and 2010, so as to capture a dynamic picture of emissions trends and development. Results of both analyses reveal that empirical data fails to provide direct evidence of an EKC for emissions and development. The data does show, however, an interesting pattern in the dispersion of emissions levels for countries within the same HDI categories. While data does not show that countries grow more polluting during intermediary development stages, it does provide evidence that countries become more heterogeneous in their emission intensities as they develop, later re-converging to lower emission intensities at higher HDI levels. Learning rates also indicate heterogeneity among developing countries and relative convergence among developed countries. Given the heterogeneity of development paths among countries, the experiences of those which are managing to develop at low carbon intensities can prove valuable examples for ongoing efforts in climate change mitigation, especially in the developing world.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Pacini, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
-
Consumer choice between ethanol and gasoline : Lessons from Brazil and Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 39:11, s. 6936-6942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of flex-fuel vehicles since 2003 has made possible for Brazilian drivers to choose between high ethanol blends or gasoline depending on relative prices and fuel economies. In Sweden, flex-fuel fleets were introduced in 2005. Prices and demand data were examined for both Brazil and Sweden. Bioethanol has been generally the most cost-efficient fuel in Brazil, but not for all states. In any case, consumers in Brazil have opted for ethanol even when this was not the optimal economic choice. In Sweden, a different behavior was observed when falling gasoline prices made E85 uneconomical in late 2008. In a context of international biofuels expansion, the example of E85 in Sweden indicates that new markets could experience different consumer behavior than Brazil: demand falls rapidly with reduced price differences between ethanol and gasoline. At the same time, rising ethanol demand and lack of an international market with multiple biofuel producers could lead to higher domestic prices in Brazil. Once the limit curve is crossed, the consumer might react by shifting back to the usage of gasoline.
|
|
| 9. |
- Pacini, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethanol or gasoline? : Consumer choice in face of different fuel pricing systems in Brazil and Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Biofuels. - London : Future Science. - 1759-7269. ; 1:5, s. 685-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of high biofuel blends and flex-fuel fleets, consumers are faced with variations in the attractiveness of high-ethanol blends (E85 and E100), which depend, among other factors, on the different price mechanisms applied to gasoline. This research article examines scenarios in which different levels of oscillation in oil prices are transmitted to final gasoline markets in Brazil, influencing the attractiveness of ethanol to consumers. Our analysis suggests that the consumer might prefer more constant price advantages (e.g., in Brazil), while reacting negatively to very volatile markets (e.g., in Sweden). Since consumers apparently use more biofuels in a context of less price volatility, price stability might be an important aspect for policy makers to consider when designing policies to promote biofuel markets.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
