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- Ahlgren, Madeleine, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported symptoms of low energy availability among female elite athletes and controls
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimWe aimed to investigate symptoms of low energy availability (LEA) among athletes and recreational active people, and the associations with EDs, excessive exercise, and motivation for training and dietary behavioural changes. MethodsSwedish female national team athletes (n=150) from 26 sports, and recreational active women (n=108), 18-39 years were recruited via sport organizations and social media. Participants filled out an anonymous on-line survey comprising the LEA in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Major Depression Index (MDI), the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), and the Motivation to Change Questionnaire (MCQ). LEAF-Q total score >8 and EDE-Q Global score >2.3 were used to classify participants as having symptoms of LEA and eating disorders (EDs), respectively.ResultsOf all participants, 47% had symptoms of LEA with no difference between elite athletes (47%) and controls (48%). Participants with LEA had lower body mass and BMI compared to those with no symptoms, while no differences were found in age or training load. Most of the participants with LEA (69%) did not have symptoms of EDs. However, when excluding all participants with ED symptoms (n=65), participants with LEA had higher EDE-Q sub scale scores, MDI and EAI scores, and they reported poorer health status and reduced ability to increase energy intake and to lower the training load compared to participants with no LEA symptoms. ConclusionOur findings confirm earlier indications that symptoms of LEA is frequent among elite athletes as well as sedentary people, and that most LEA cases do not have EDs. However, our findings suggest that symptoms of LEA may still be associated with poor well-being, restricted eating and excessive training behaviour and negative focus on body shape and weight. Reversing LEA by increased energy intake and/or reduced training load is the only treatment to prevent REDs health and performance implications. Our findings therefore emphasize the need for multidisciplinary prevention strategies to ensure necessary dietary and training behavioural changes.
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- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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All retinas are not created equal : Fovea‐to‐macula thickness ratio and foveal microvasculature in healthy young children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ophthalmic & physiological optics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0275-5408 .- 1475-1313. ; 42:3, s. 644-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Markers for the relationships between structural and microvasculature measures given by optical coherence tomography angiography are necessary to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between structural and microvasculature measures around the fovea in healthy eyes of healthy children.Methods: Observational cross-sectional study involving children aged 8–17 years, born at full-term, with no eye disease. The better of two 3 × 3 mm macular scans obtained with a Cirrus 5000HD-OCT was analysed. Images were corrected for lateral magnification errors. Vessel density and perfusion were measured with ImageJ/Fiji software for the superficial capillary plexus. Structural measures including foveal and macular thicknesses were performed manually.Results: The sample included 86 participants, 51 (59%) females. Mean age was 12.4 years (SD = 2.5); mean best-corrected acuity was −0.10 logMAR (SD = 0.09); mean refractive error was +0.59 D (SD = 1.3) and mean axial length was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86). Mean area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was 0.20 mm2 (SD = 0.88); median fovea-to-macula thickness ratio (FMTR) was 0.63 (IQR = 0.08); mean central vessel density was 12.42 mm−1 (SD = 2.78) and mean central perfusion was 38.66% (SD = 3.83). AFAZ was correlated with central vessel density (p < 0.001), perfusion (p < 0.001), foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR (p < 0.001). Central vessel density was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.01). Central perfusion was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.003).Conclusion: In this study, foveal thickness, FMTR and foveal microvasculature measurements were correlated. Clinicians need to be aware that shallow foveal pits and persistent foveal microvasculature are likely to occur in optical coherence tomography angiography images. In healthy eyes from healthy children, an atypical high FMTR and a small AFAZ may be associated with incomplete foveal development. The mechanism and functional implications of this remain unknown.
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- Dutcher, Dabrina D., et al.
(författare)
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Emissions from soy biodiesel blends: A single particle perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 45:20, s. 3406-3413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiesel has recently reemerged as a common fuel. However, emissions from biodiesel combustion have been studied in much less detail than those from traditional petroleum-based diesel. In this experiment, emissions from the combustion of different fuel blends (BOO, B02, B20, B99, where the number after B indicates the percentage, by volume, of biodiesel in the fuel) in a VW TDi engine were analyzed by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometers (ATOFMS) for single-particle composition and vacuum aerodynamic size. The ATOFMS results show that the PAH molecular weight distribution is not significantly affected by the fuel composition, and that sulfates are reduced by increased biodiesel content. Octanedioic acid (a carbonyl species) is increased with increased biodiesel concentration. Clustering results from the single-particle spectra show that the particles fall in five main types by chemical composition. The aerodynamic size distribution of these individual clusters was also determined. These results also show that methods used to identify diesel particle emissions for source apportionment are not applicable when significant concentrations of biodiesel are used in fuels. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of Physical Activity during Physical Education lessons in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:1, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:The aim of this study was to measure the percentage of sedentary light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) provided by physical education (PE) lessons for Swedish second, fifth and eighth grade students, aged eight, 11 and 14.METHODS:We observed 39 PE lessons and divided them into seven lesson categories: ball play, ball games, dance, fitness, playing games, orienteering and gymnastics. Physical activity (PA) during PE was estimated using accelerometers and the height and weight of the children were measured.RESULTS:We studied 149 children: 63 in the second grade, 66 in the fifth grade and 19 in the eighth grade. On average, 25% of the PE lessons were spent in MVPA and the mean %MVPA varied with the lesson content, with fitness, orienteering and playing games being the most intense. The highest %MVPA was in the fitness category, providing 33% (8-62%) for girls and 37% (7-72%) for boys. With the exception of the second grade, no significant gender differences in %MVPA were seen.CONCLUSION:The content of Swedish PE lessons affected the %MVPA in all age groups. In some content, individuals reached two-thirds of their daily PA recommendations, highlighting the potential that PE contributes to public health goals.
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