| 1. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 14:6, s. 495-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.
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| 2. |
- Cesta, Carolyn E, et al.
(författare)
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Polycystic ovary syndrome and psychiatric disorders: Co-morbidity and heritability in a nationwide Swedish cohort.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 73, s. 196-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 5-15% of reproductive-aged women and characterized by high levels of circulating androgens. Given that androgens have been implicated in the aetiology of several psychiatric disorders, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS have high risk for psychiatric comorbidity. We aimed to investigate this risk amongst women with PCOS, as well as in their siblings, to elucidate if familial factors underlie any potential associations. Using the Swedish national registers, we identified all women diagnosed with PCOS between 1990 and 2013 (n=24,385), their full-siblings (n=25,921), plus matched individuals (1:10/100) from the general population and their full-siblings. Psychiatric disorder diagnoses were identified including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality and gender identity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tics, attempted and completed suicide. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted ORs (AOR) were determined by adjustment for comorbid psychiatric disorders. Overall, women with PCOS had an increased odds of having at least one psychiatric disorder (OR=1.56 [95CI%, 1.51-1.61]). Crude ORs showed associations with nearly all psychiatric disorders included in this study. Following adjustment for comorbid psychiatric disorders, women with PCOS were still at a significantly increased risk for bulimia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, with the highest AORs for ASD (AOR=1.55 [95%CI, 1.32-1.81]) and tics (AOR=1.65 [95%CI, 1.10-2.47]). Significantly higher AORs were found for ASD in both brothers and sisters of women with PCOS, and for depressive, anxiety, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the sisters only. Notably, the crude ORs for attempted suicide were 40% higher in women with PCOS and 16% higher in their unaffected sisters. However, the AORs were greatly attenuated indicating that underlying psychiatric comorbidity is important for this association. Women with PCOS had higher risks for a range of psychiatric disorders not shown before. Elevated risk in their siblings suggests shared familial factors between PCOS and psychiatric disorders. This study is an important first step towards identifying the underlying mechanisms for risk of psychiatric disorders in women with PCOS. Health professionals treating women with PCOS should be aware that these patients - as well as their family members - are important targets for mental health care.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Annie, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials & Manufacturing. ; 108:5, s. 1114-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this ANNIE project – Applications of Neural Networks to Integrated Ergonomics – BE96-3433, a tool for integrating ergonomics into the design process is developed. This paper presents some features in the current ANNIE as applied to the design of car interiors. A variant of the ERGOMan mannequin with vision is controlled by a hybrid system for neuro-fuzzy simulation. It is trained by using an Elite system for registration of movements. An example of a trajectory generated by the system is shown. A fuzzy model is used for comfort evaluation. An experiment was performed to test its feasibility and it showed very promising results.
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| 5. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ANNIE, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 1999
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; 108:5, s. 1114-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the ANNIE project - Applications of Neural Networks to Integrated Ergonomics - BE96-3433, a tool for integrating ergonomics into the design process is developed. This paper presents some features in the current ANNIE as applied to the design of car interiors. A variant of the ERGOMan mannequin with vision is controlled by a hybrid system for neuro-fuzzy simulation. It is trained by using an Elite system for registration of movements. An example of a trajectory generated by the system is shown. A fuzzy model is used for comfort evaluation. An experiment was performed to test its feasibility and it showed very promising results.
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| 6. |
- Lilja, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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What Quality Management can Learn from Designers about Being Qualitative
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings for Pin-C 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality Management (QM) initiatives and practices generally stress the importance of “focus on customers” and to “base decisions on facts”. However, in Western World QM practice it appears as if facts often become equivalent to numbers - “we need facts” becomes “we need to see it quantified in numbers” and “measuring is knowing”. In sharp contrast, the growing field of Design Thinking (DT) conclude that qualitative approaches are key when it comes to get closer to the citizens or customers, establish new levels of understanding, and thereby inspire new and better solutions. The purpose of this paper is to explore what quality management can learn from designers, and design thinking practice, about using more qualitative approaches for learning and in developing knowledge.
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| 7. |
- Palm, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Counselling in Relation to Female Genital Cutting : Swedish Professionals' Approach to Menstrual Pain as an Empirical Example
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sexuality & Culture. - : Springer. - 1095-5143 .- 1936-4822. ; 26, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, as well as in an international context, professionals are urged to acquire knowledge about possible health effects of female genital cutting (FGC) in order to tackle prevention and care in relation to the practice. While professionals are guided by policies and interventions focusing on medical effects of FGC, some scholars have cautioned that many popular beliefs about health risks rest on inconclusive evidence. The way professionals understand and respond to health information about FGC has in this context largely been left unexamined. This article aims to provide a qualitative exploration of how professionals in Sweden approach adolescent sexual and reproductive healthcare encounters in relation to acquired knowledge about FGC, using menstrual pain as an empirical example. The analysis shows that there was a tendency in counselling to differentiate young migrant women's menstrual complaints from ordinary menstrual pain, with professionals understanding pain complaints either in terms of FGC or as culturally influenced. The study shows how professionals navigated their various sources of knowledge where FGC awareness worked as a lens through which young women's health complaints were understood. Biomedical knowledge and culture-specific expectations and assumptions regarding menstrual pain also informed counselling. Finally, the article discusses how FGC awareness about health risks was used constructively as a tool to establish rapport and take a history on both menstrual pain and FGC. The analysis also recognises potential pitfalls of the approaches used, if not based in well-informed policies and interventions in the first place.
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| 8. |
- Palm, Camilla, 1988-
(författare)
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Navigating Conflicting Norms on Body and Sexuality : Exploring Swedish-Somali Women's and Swedish Welfare Workers' Perceptions of Female Genital Cutting
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Female genital cutting (FGC), sometimes referred to as female genital mutilation, is the subject of intense debate, exposing tensions between varying cultural values about bodies and sexuality. In Sweden, FGC is framed as a social problem designed to control female sexuality, and national efforts have long aimed to prevent it from being perpetuated. Welfare workers have a key role in interpreting and implementing FGC politics, making the welfare encounter a site where sometimes divergent cultural understandings about FGC, bodies, and sexuality converge.In this thesis, I explore how sexuality and sexual health are constructed in relation to FGC through welfare work and from the perspectives of different generations of Somali women in the Swedish setting of immigration. Based on individual interviews (16) and focus groups (3) with welfare workers (24) in social care, healthcare, and education, I investigate how FGC, sexuality, and sexual health, is approached in counseling and information targeting young women potentially affected by FGC. Through individual interviews (12) and focus groups (9) with Swedish-Somali women of different generations (53), I examine how women relate to and make sense of their own FGC experiences in light of changing social norms and discourse of FGC post-migration to Sweden. I discuss how concepts of FGC, body, sexuality, and sexual health are navigated and negotiated by investigating meanings ascribed to FGC by the various actors. I also consider the ways in which the understandings of these notions are changing depending on a complex interchange between individual experience, social interaction, and global discourse on FGC.The thesis consists of four papers. The first two papers explore the complexity of how to counsel and address FGC in welfare encounters while having a difficult dual role – working to protect future generations from the practice, while simultaneously encouraging and empowering those for whom it has already been done, without undermining body image or sense of sexual capacity. The first paper found that a key problem is the over-reliance on medical models of sexuality that tend to result in a reductionist focus on the genitals for sexual function, perhaps under-emphasizing the role of the mind, emotions, and sociocultural factors. This approach often led welfare workers to conclude that FGC inevitably negatively interferes with sexuality and sexual health. It was also primarily within a biomedical discourse that solutions and strategies to promote young women’s sexual wellbeing were sought.The second paper investigate how welfare workers understand and respond to health discourse about FGC, using counseling on menstrual pain as an empirical example. The study found that welfare workers navigate their various sources of knowledge, where acquired FGC-knowledge worked as a lens through which young women’s situations were understood. Medical discourse, and menstrual pain in particular, was also used as a starting point for discussing drawbacks of FGC, in order to deter young women from forwarding the practices to future generations.The third paper highlights how women navigate dominating discourse of FGC in their efforts to make sense of their experiences. The study found that imageries and dominant framings of FGC affect how women are perceived by others, or how they expect others to perceive them, also affecting women’s selfunderstanding. Women “talked back” to and talked through expected categorizations and elements of dominant discourse that put women with FGC in a stigmatized position. Doing this, they reinforced categorizations of the most extensive form of FGC (type III, pharaonic cutting) as stigmatized and harmful, while less extensive forms of FGC (type I-II, IV, sunna cutting) were disconnected from some of the stigma attached to FGC.The fourth paper examines subjective experiences and perceptions of sexuality in relation to FGC. The study found that while FGC has been seen as a means to mold a tempered female sexuality in line with cultural standards for proper gendered behavior, both gender standards and means to achieve them have changed under influence of migration and global FGC politics. The findings suggest that while premarital virginity remains as an important value, the external regulation of sexuality through FGC to protect female chastity has been replaced by increased emphasis on inner control and self-discipline. Women disqualified previous rationales for the practice by unsettling the connection of FGC to reduced sexual responsiveness. Many described sexual responsiveness as inherent and not necessarily adversely affected by FGC, although experiences varied. While most expressed positive expectations on sexual desire and pleasure, emerging was also more mixed understandings among some older and younger women. These were associated with notions of the clitoris as significant for sexual responsiveness, causing women to question their bodily and sexual adequacy. Such understandings shall be seen in light of previous cultural ideas about FGC as contributing to reduced sexual responsiveness, which is reinforced in the Swedish context which emphasizes the negative impact of FGC on sexuality.In conclusion, this thesis sheds light on the complex nature of FGC in a context of immigration, particularly highlighting FGC in relation to individual care and counseling in welfare encounters. In Sweden, FGC is framed as a social problem, shaping how women with FGC are perceived and understand themselves. Welfare workers predominantly address FGC from a health perspective, often adopting a genital reductionist approach. Medical discourse plays a dual role: empowering women through knowledge while also exerting control over their bodies, drawing boundaries of some bodies as normal, and others as pathological. Interviews with Somali women shed light on their interactions with FGCconstructs in the Swedish context, illustrating a complex interplay of sociocultural, individual, and global influences.
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| 9. |
- Palm, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual health counselling targeting girls and young women with female genital cutting in Sweden : mind–body dualism affecting social and health care professionals’ perspectives
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2641-0397. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female genital mutilation (FGM), also referred to as female genital cutting (FGC), has become the subject of an intense debate exposing tensions between varying cultural values about bodies and sexuality. These issues are brought to the fore in settings where professionals provide sexual counselling to young circumcised women and girls in Western, multicultural societies. This article is based on interviews and focus group discussions with professionals in social and healthcare services. The aim of this study was to examine how professionals reflect upon and talk about sexuality and the promotion of sexual wellbeing in young circumcised women and girls. Policy documents guide their obligations, yet they are also influenced by culture-specific notions about bodies and sexuality and what can be called “the FGM standard tale”. The study found that professionals showed great commitment to helping the girls and young women in the best possible way. Their basic starting point, however, was characterised by a reductionist focus on the genitalia’s role in sexuality, thus neglecting other important dimensions in lived sexuality. In some cases, such an attitude may negatively affect an individual’s body image and sexual self-esteem. Future policy making in the field of sexual health among girls and young women with FGC would benefit from taking a broader holistic approach to sexuality. Professionals need to find ways of working that promote sexual wellbeing in girls, and must avoid messages that evoke body shame or feelings of loss of sexual capacity among those affected by FGC.
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| 10. |
- Palm, Camilla
(författare)
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Sexuality constructions in relation to female genital cutting : young and older Swedish-Somali women on sexual responsiveness
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through focus groups (9) and individual interviews (12), this study explores subjective experiences of sexual responsiveness in relation to female genital cutting (FGC) among Somali women and youths living in Sweden. FGC in Somalia is traditionally associated with the creation of a restrained sexuality inaccordance with gendered sexual norms. In efforts to end the practice, however, it is continuously stressed that FGC aims at depriving women of their sexual capacity. Specifically, this study seeks to examine how contradictory sexuality constructions are navigated and negotiated among women of different generations post-migration to Sweden. In contrast to what has been suggested in former literature, younger women seemed less influenced by condemnatory discourses in terms of their sexual self-understanding while the opposite was the case among the older women. The article discusses how this can be understood and possible implications.
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