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- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Abebe, Henok Girma, 1988-
(författare)
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Ethical Issues in the Adoption and Implementation of Vision Zero Policies in Road Safety
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze ethical issues in the adoption and implementation of Vision Zero policies. The first article analyses criticisms against Vision Zero goals and measures promoted to reach them. We identify and assess “moral”, “operational”, and “rationality-based” arguments against Vision Zero. In total, thirteen different criticisms are analyzed. The second article seeks to reconcile the two major decision-making principles in road safety work, i.e., Cost Benefit Analysis and Vision Zero, which are often viewed as incompatible. We argue that the two principles can be compatible if the implementation of Vision Zero accepts temporal compromises intended to promote efficient allocation of resources, and the results of Cost Benefit Analysis are viewed not as optimal and satisfactory as long as fatal and serious injuries continue occurring. The third article uses Vision Zero as a normative framework to explore and analyze road safety work in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The ensuing analysis shows that there are significant differences between Addis Ababa road safety policies and Vision Zero in terms of how road safety problems are understood and in their responsibility ascriptions for improving road safety problems. It is argued that enhancing road safety in the city requires promoting a broader view of the causes and remedies of road safety problems. Moreover, given the magnitude and severity of road safety problems in the city, it is vital to emphasize the moral responsibility of actors responsible for the design and operation of the road system, and entities that procure and own large number of vehicles. The fourth article analyses equity and social justice considerations in Vision Zero efforts in New York City (NYC). Moreover, this study seeks to understand and assess how the city accounts for equity and social justice implications of road safety work. The result of the study shows that equity and social justice considerations played important roles in the initial adoption of Vision Zero policy in the city. Nonetheless, the study also shows that the adoption and implementation process gave rise to important equity and social justice issues which are primarily related to the method of prioritization used in road safety work in the city, equity and fairness in the distribution of life saving interventions, the socioeconomic impacts of road safety strategies, and the nature of community engagement in policy design and implementation. The findings of this study, among others, point to a need for Vision Zero practitioners to give due considerations to equity and social justice implications of Vision Zero policies and strategies. The fifth article analyzes the nature and moral acceptability of risk impositions from car driving in a low-income country context. It is shown that car driving involves an unfair and morally problematic risk imposition in which some stakeholders, namely those who decide on the nature of the risk in the road system and benefit the most from car driving, impose a significant risk of harm on others, who neither benefit from the risk imposition nor have decision-making role related to the risks they are exposed to. It is argued that addressing moral problems arising from the unfair risk imposition necessitates the promotion, on the part of beneficiaries and decision makers, of certain types of moral obligations related to the nature and magnitude of road crash risks. Importantly, those who benefit the most from car driving, and actors who decide on the risk level in the road system, have the moral obligation to implement effective risk reducing measures that protect those unfairly risk exposed, obligations to know more about road crash risks, obligations to compensate victims, obligations to communicate with the risk exposed and incorporate their concerns in policy making, and obligations to bring about attitudinal change.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Håkan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Intraperitoneal alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer patients: pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2--a phase I study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 50:7, s. 1153-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The alpha-emitter (211)At labeled to a monoclonal antibody has proven safe and effective in treating microscopic ovarian cancer in the abdominal cavity of mice. Women in complete clinical remission after second-line chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian carcinoma were enrolled in a phase I study. The aim was to determine the pharmacokinetics for assessing absorbed dose to normal tissues and investigating toxicity. METHODS: Nine patients underwent laparoscopy 2-5 d before the therapy; a peritoneal catheter was inserted, and the abdominal cavity was inspected to exclude the presence of macroscopic tumor growth or major adhesions. (211)At was labeled to MX35 F(ab')(2) using the reagent N-succinimidyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)-benzoate. Patients were infused with (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) (22.4-101 MBq/L) in dialysis solution via the peritoneal catheter. gamma-Camera scans were acquired on 3-5 occasions after infusion, and a SPECT scan was acquired at 6 h. Samples of blood, urine, and peritoneal fluid were collected at 1-48 h. Hematology and renal and thyroid function were followed for a median of 23 mo. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetics and dosimetric results were related to the initial activity concentration (IC) of the infused solution. The decay-corrected activity concentration decreased with time in the peritoneal fluid to 50% IC at 24 h, increased in serum to 6% IC at 45 h, and increased in the thyroid to 127% +/- 63% IC at 20 h without blocking and less than 20% IC with blocking. No other organ uptakes could be detected. The cumulative urinary excretion was 40 kBq/(MBq/L) at 24 h. The estimated absorbed dose to the peritoneum was 15.6 +/- 1.0 mGy/(MBq/L), to red bone marrow it was 0.14 +/- 0.04 mGy/(MBq/L), to the urinary bladder wall it was 0.77 +/- 0.19 mGy/(MBq/L), to the unblocked thyroid it was 24.7 +/- 11.1 mGy/(MBq/L), and to the blocked thyroid it was 1.4 +/- 1.6 mGy/(MBq/L) (mean +/- SD). No adverse effects were observed either subjectively or in laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that by intraperitoneal administration of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) it is possible to achieve therapeutic absorbed doses in microscopic tumor clusters without significant toxicity.
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| 4. |
- Cederkrantz, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Absorbed Doses and Risk Estimates of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2 in Intraperitoneal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer Patients.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 93:3, s. 569-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. Most patients achieve clinical remission after surgery and chemotherapy, but approximately 70% eventually experience recurrence, usually in the peritoneal cavity. To prevent recurrence, intraperitoneal (i.p.) targeted α therapy has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for minimal residual disease after successful primary treatment. In the present study, we calculated absorbed and relative biological effect (RBE)-weighted (equivalent) doses in relevant normal tissues and estimated the effective dose associated with i.p. administration of (211)At-MX35F(ab')2.
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| 9. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder i syfte att stärka svaga lax- och öringbestånd i Bottniska viken
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta biologiska underlag sammanfattar situationen för Bottniska vikens bestånd av lax och havsöring. Underlaget har skrivits efter att Havs- och vattenmyndigheten beställt biologisk rådgivning från SLU Aqua avseende ändrade föreskrifter för fiske i svaga älvar (FIFS 2004:37) samt för svenskt nyttjande och fördelning av laxkvoten (FIFS 2004:25 och 2004:36) med särskilt fokus på skydd av Vindelälvens laxbestånd. Inledningsvis ges en generell beskrivning av laxbeståndens utveckling och hälsostatus där även svaga bestånd som är i behov av akuta förvaltningsåtgärder identifieras. Därefter utvärderas tänkbara förvaltningsåtgärder varav vissa tidigare diskuterats vid ett arbetsmöte mellan Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, Länsstyrelserna i Västerbotten och Norrbotten samt SLU Aqua i Luleå 2018-11-21. I underlaget utvärderas även förslag från Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrland avseende förändrade fiskeregler i och utanför Ljungan. Avslutningsvis ges en kort sammanfattning av havsöringens beståndsstatus samt förslag på åtgärder i vattendragen i syfte att minska negativa effekter av fiske.
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| 10. |
- Fernandez, Klein, 1984-
(författare)
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The Ethics of Bilateral Labor Agreements for Nurses : Perspectives from the Philippines
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation "The Ethics of Bilateral Labor Agreement for Global Nurses - Perspectives from the Philippines" is written in the research area of applied ethics and examines ethical aspects of labor migration in the specific area of healthcare, with the Philippines as an example. The central questions for the dissertation are the ethical issues of nurse migration in the Philippine context. These ethical concerns give rise to how the responsibility for such migration governance should be understood and designed. More specifically, the issue of responsibility is discussed in relation to the Philippine Government, and its counterpart foreign governments, for their use of the bilateral labor agreement (BLA) as a policy measure to manage the migration of nurses.The thesis draws on from empirical studies of Filipino nurses’ massive emigration and how this mobility affects individuals and the Philippine society. Historical description of the emergence of healthcare professionals as export products in the Philippines is also consulted. The country’s colonial history is described, and its relevance to today’s migration pattern is analyzed. Based upon the empirical data on past and present Filipino health worker emigration, identified ethical implications are examined. Among these are the rights of individuals and the division of responsibilities between origin and destination countries in order to address the ethical implications the BLAs give rise to. In the theoretical part of the work, key elements from John Rawls’ theories of justice (1971, 1993, 2001) are used to identify conditions of a crafting public policy that, ideally, should be met in agreement with the members of a liberal society. Thereafter, the ideal model of a BLA is constructed based on the main principles of justice. The model is used to examine the extent to which, if at all, the existing BLAs between the Philippines and countries like Japan and Germany can be considered as ethically defensible instruments for managing the emigration of nurses. Finally, a discussion on how such agreements should be designed to be ethically defensible is offered.
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