| 1. |
- Che, K. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Interleukin-26 in Antibacterial Host Defense of Human Lungs Effects on Neutrophil Mobilization
- 2014
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 190:9, s. 1022-1031
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: The role of the presumed Th17 cytokine IL-26 in antibacterial host defense of the lungs is not known. Objectives: To characterize the role of IL-26 in antibacterial host defense of human lungs. Methods: Intrabronchial exposure of healthy volunteers to endotoxin and vehicle was performed during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were harvested. Intracellular IL-26 was detected using immunocytochemistry and immunocytofluorescence. This IL-26 was also detected using flow cytometry, as was its receptor complex. Cytoldnes and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 plus STAT3 were quantified using ELISA. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and neutrophil migration was assessed in vitro. Measurements and Main Results: Extracellular IL-26 was detected in BAL samples without prior exposure in vivo and was markedly increased after endotoxin exposure. Alveolar macrophages displayed gene expression for, contained, and released IL-26. Th and cytotoxic T cells also contained IL-26. In the BAL samples, IL-26 concentrations and innate effector cells displayed a correlation. Recombinant IL-26 potentiated neutrophil chemotaxis induced by IL-8 and fMLP but decreased chemokinesis for neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase in conditioned media from neutrophils was decreased. The IL-26 receptor complex was detected in neutrophils and IL-26 decreased phosphorylated STAT3 in these cells. In BAL and bronchial epithelial cells, IL-26 increased gene expression of the IL-26 receptor complex and STAT1 plus STAT3. Finally, IL-26 increased the release of neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines in BAL but not in epithelial cells. Conclusions: This study implies that alveolar macrophages produce IL-26, which stimulates receptors on neutrophils and focuses their mobilization toward bacteria and accumulated immune cells in human lungs.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Heybroek, Kim, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Resistance-free Hydraulics in Construction Machinery
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 8th International Fluid Power Conference. - Dresden : Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik. ; , s. 123-138
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The topic of resistance-free motion control refers to solutions that minimize or completely eliminate the need for proportional valves, hence avoiding the throttling losses associated with metering. Previous research by the authors shows how a secondary control system could be used to improve energy efficiency in construction machines. The proposed solution uses hydraulic transformers, powered by a common pressure rail system driving both the linear work implements and the rotary drives of a propulsion system in a wheel loader. An emphasis in this paper is on the sizing aspects of transformer-based system design. The solution under special observation enables the use of smaller transformers utilizing the differential cylinder as a two-stage gearbox by means of “short-circuiting” its two cylinder chambers. The results and outlook from this study touch on how state-of-the-art secondary control systems could improve the energy efficiency of future construction machinery and suggest potential areas of improvement.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
