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- Palm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Computer use, neck and upper-extremity symptoms, eystrain and headache female and male upper secondary school students
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:3, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Computer use, neck and upper-extremity symptoms, headache, and eyestrain were studied in upper secondary school students. Methods: A questionnaire was completed by 1575 female and 1251 male students. Associations between computer use and health problems were analyzed by calculating the prevalence ratios for the health variables, considering computer use for >14-56 or >56 hours/week as compared with ≤14 hours/week (reference). Health problems were defined as aches or pain or other trouble at least three days in the preceding month. Results: Computer use (median) was reported to be 31 hours/week by the male students and 19 hours/week by the females. Most computer use (about 90%) took place outside school (eg, for entertainment). Headache was reported by 51% and 24%, and neck or shoulder symptoms by 31% and 15%, of the females and males, respectively. More than 50% of the females with health complaints indicated that their problems had disturbed their sleep, and they used painkillers to handle them. Between 10% and 43% experienced their health complaints as being related to computer use. For those using computers >56 hours/week, the prevalence ratios were significantly increased for neck or shoulder symptoms among both the females and the males, and for eyestrain and forearm symptoms among the females. Exposure-response relationships were indicated for the aforementioned associations. Approximately two-thirds of the students reported that they had not received any information in school about appropriate workplace layout and techniques for computer work. Conclusions: Despite their young age, the students were not protected from computer-related health complaints. Therefore, providing adolescents with information about proper computer ergonomics may help prevent such health problem.
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- Palmerud, G, et al.
(författare)
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Intramuscular pressure of the infra-and supraspinatus muscles in relation to hand load and arm posture
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 83:2-3, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In work engaging the upper extremities, the musculoskeletal system of the shoulder is sometimes exposed to prolonged excessive load, leading to musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder. One way of reducing work-related shoulder disorders is to establish guidelines for working postures. The purpose of this study was to identify harmful working positions, by performing a comprehensive survey of the intramuscular pressure (IMP) in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles in relation to different arm positions and external loads. Ten healthy males participated, and the IMP in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles was studied in a total of 112 combinations of arm positions and hand loads at levels that occur frequently in industrial work. High-precision spatial recordings were accomplished with a three-dimensional motion-analysis system, and the IMP was measured using the microcapillary infusion technique. The mean IMP of the infraspinatus muscle as well as that of the supraspinatus muscle increased continuously from a resting pressure at 0° of upper arm elevation to a maximal pressure at 90° of upper arm elevation, for all elevation planes. The mean IMP of the supraspinatus muscle appeared to be more dependent upon the elevation plane and less dependent upon the hand load, compared to the infraspinatus muscle. Even during only moderate arm elevation, the mean IMP of the infra- and supraspinatus muscles, presented here in polar diagrams, had already exceeded the levels of reduced recovery from local muscle fatigue and blood flow impairment. The elevation angle and the hand load primarily influence the development of IMP in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles.
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