| 1. |
- Kyro, C., et al.
(författare)
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ALKYLRESORCINOLS (BIOMARKERS OF WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE) AND RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 63:Supplement 1, s. 1207-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and objectives: Few studies have investigatedthe association between whole-grain intake and colorectal cancer.Whole-grain products are one of the dietary items proneto measurement errors, making the use of objective measures,such as biomarkers, highly relevant. The objective of the studywas to investigate the association between biomarkers ofwhole-grain intake, alkylresorcinols, and colorectal cancer ina nested case-control study within the European ProspectiveInvestigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: We included 1372 first incident colorectal cancercases and 1372 individually matched controls and calculatedthe incidence rate ratios (IRR) for overall and sub-sites of colorectalcancer using conditional logistic regression adjusted forpotential confounders.Results: Plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations werenot associated with risk of overall colorectal cancer, proximalcolon cancer or rectal cancer. However, high plasma total alkylresorcinolconcentrations were statistically significantly associatedwith lower incidence of cancer located in the distal (leftor descending) part of the colon. Adjusted IRR of distal coloncancer for highest versus lowest quartile of plasma alkylresorcinolwas 0.48 (95% confidence interval = 0.28 to 0.83). Furthermore,we observed an inverse association with colon cancerfor the Scandinavian part of the participants. Alkylresorcinolsmay be more appropriate as biomarkers in Middle Europe andScandinavia i.e. in areas where whole grains are regularly consumed.Conclusions: Whole-grain intake, assessed by alkylresorcinols,was associated with a lower incidence of distal coloncancer. Alkylresorcinols seem useful as objective biomarkersof whole-grain intake in populations where whole-grains are astaple part of the diet. Acknowledgements: This work was supportedby World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF)and WCRF Netherlands (WCRF NL) (2011/436), and NordForsk(Centre of Excellence programme HELGA (070015)).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Selck, H., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing and managing multiple risks in a changing worldThe Roskilde recommendations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 36:1, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roskilde University (Denmark) hosted a November 2015 workshop, Environmental RiskAssessing and Managing Multiple Risks in a Changing World. This Focus article presents the consensus recommendations of 30 attendees from 9 countries regarding implementation of a common currency (ecosystem services) for holistic environmental risk assessment and management; improvements to risk assessment and management in a complex, human-modified, and changing world; appropriate development of protection goals in a 2-stage process; dealing with societal issues; risk-management information needs; conducting risk assessment of risk management; and development of adaptive and flexible regulatory systems. The authors encourage both cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to address their 10 recommendations: 1) adopt ecosystem services as a common currency for risk assessment and management; 2) consider cumulative stressors (chemical and nonchemical) and determine which dominate to best manage and restore ecosystem services; 3) fully integrate risk managers and communities of interest into the risk-assessment process; 4) fully integrate risk assessors and communities of interest into the risk-management process; 5) consider socioeconomics and increased transparency in both risk assessment and risk management; 6) recognize the ethical rights of humans and ecosystems to an adequate level of protection; 7) determine relevant reference conditions and the proper ecological context for assessments in human-modified systems; 8) assess risks and benefits to humans and the ecosystem and consider unintended consequences of management actions; 9) avoid excessive conservatism or possible underprotection resulting from sole reliance on binary, numerical benchmarks; and 10) develop adaptive risk-management and regulatory goals based on ranges of uncertainty. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:7-16. (c) 2016 SETAC
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| 4. |
- Ferrari, P, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms, alcohol intake and the risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 66:12, s. 1303-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Heavy alcohol drinking is a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC), but little is known on the effect of polymorphisms in the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) on the alcohol-related risk of CRC in Caucasian populations.SUBJECTS/METHODS: A nested case-control study (1269 cases matched to 2107controls by sex, age, study centre and date of blood collection) was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to evaluate the impact of rs1229984 (ADH1B), rs1573496 (ADH7) and rs441 (ALDH2) polymorphisms on CRC risk. Using the wild-type variant of each polymorphism as reference category, CRC risk estimates were calculated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for matching factors.RESULTS: Individuals carrying one copy of the rs1229984(A) (ADH1B) allele (fast metabolizers) showed an average daily alcohol intake of 4.3 g per day lower than subjects with two copies of the rs1229984(G) allele (slow metabolizers) (P-diff<0.01). None of the polymorphisms was associated with risk of CRC or cancers of the colon or rectum. Heavy alcohol intake was more strongly associated with CRC risk among carriers of the rs1573496(C) allele, with odds ratio equal to 2.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.26-3.59) compared with wild-type subjects with low alcohol consumption P-((interaction)=0.07).CONCLUSIONS: The rs1229984(A) (ADH1B) allele was associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption. The rs1229984 (ADH1B), rs1573496 (ADH7) and rs441 (ALDH2) polymorphisms were not associated with CRC risk overall in Western-European populations. However, the relationship between alcohol and CRC risk might be modulated by the rs1573496 (ADH7) polymorphism. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2012) 66, 1303-1308; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.173; published online 14 November 2012
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| 5. |
- Käämbre, T, et al.
(författare)
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Study of oxygen-C compound formation by NEXAFS and RIXS
- 2001
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal D. ; 16:1-3, s. 357-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of oxygen with C60 molecules was studied on a C60 film which had been exposed simultaneously to oxygen and UV-light for 190 hours, producing an approximately C60O1 stoichiometry in the bulk of the sample. C K-edge and O K-edge NEXAFS (using total fluorescence yield detection) and resonant X-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS) spectra from the sample film were measured and the C K-edge data were compared to the spectra from pristine C60 as reference. The C K-edge absorption and emission spectral profiles of the oxygen-doped sample are similar to those of the C60 reference, suggesting that cage breaking of C60 under these conditions, if any, is negligible. However, the redistribution of intensities in the spectra indicates changes in the occupancies of different molecular orbitals, possibly due to changes in electron density upon reaction. Similarities of the O K-edge soft X-ray emission (SXES) spectra to several small oxygen-containing molecules is being discussed in terms of bonding models.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brum, Wagner S., et al.
(författare)
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A two-step workflow based on plasma p-tau217 to screen for amyloid β positivity with further confirmatory testing only in uncertain cases
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Aging. - 2662-8465. ; 3:9, s. 1079-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost-effective strategies for identifying amyloid-beta (A beta) positivity in patients with cognitive impairment are urgently needed with recent approvals of anti-A beta immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood biomarkers can accurately detect AD pathology, but it is unclear whether their incorporation into a full diagnostic workflow can reduce the number of confirmatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or positron emission tomography (PET) tests needed while accurately classifying patients. We evaluated a two-step workflow for determining A beta-PET status in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from two independent memory clinic-based cohorts (n = 348). A blood-based model including plasma tau protein 217 (p-tau217), age and APOE epsilon 4 status was developed in BioFINDER-1 (area under the curve (AUC) = 89.3%) and validated in BioFINDER-2 (AUC = 94.3%). In step 1, the blood-based model was used to stratify the patients into low, intermediate or high risk of A beta-PET positivity. In step 2, we assumed referral only of intermediate-risk patients to CSF A beta 42/A beta 40 testing, whereas step 1 alone determined A beta-status for low-and high-risk groups. Depending on whether lenient, moderate or stringent thresholds were used in step 1, the two-step workflow overall accuracy for detecting A beta-PET status was 88.2%, 90.5% and 92.0%, respectively, while reducing the number of necessary CSF tests by 85.9%, 72.7% and 61.2%, respectively. In secondary analyses, an adapted version of the BioFINDER-1 model led to successful validation of the two-step workflow with a different plasma p-tau217 immunoassay in patients with cognitive impairment from the TRIAD cohort (n = 84). In conclusion, using a plasma p-tau217-based model for risk stratification of patients with MCI can substantially reduce the need for confirmatory testing while accurately classifying patients, offering a cost-effective strategy to detect AD in memory clinic settings.
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| 8. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting amyloid positivity in early Alzheimer's disease using combinations of plasma A beta 42/A beta 40 and p-tau
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 18:2, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We studied usefulness of combining blood amyloid beta A(beta)42/A beta 40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217, and neurofilament light (NfL) to detect abnormal brain A beta deposition in different stages of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Plasma biomarkers were measured using mass spectrometry (A beta 42/A beta 40) and immunoassays (p-tau217 and NfL) in cognitively unimpaired individuals (CU, N = 591) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 304) from two independent cohorts (BioFINDER-1, BioFINDER-2). Results: In CU, a combination of plasma A beta 42/A beta 40 and p-tau217 detected abnormal brain A beta status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 to 0.86. In MCI, the models including p-tau217 alone or A beta 42/A beta 40 and p-tau217 had similar AUCs (0.86-0.88); however, the latter showed improved model fit. The models were implemented in an online application providing individualized risk assessments (https://brainapps.shinyappas.io/PredictAAbplasma/). Discussion:A combination of plasma A beta 42/A beta 40 and p-tau217 discriminated A beta status with relatively high accuracy, whereas p-tau217 showed strongest associations with A beta pathology in MCI but not in CU.
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| 9. |
- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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E4-Mistra, a research program for the development of an energy efficient low emission exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4530-4536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic - industrial research program, E4 Mistra, to reach the goals of energy efficiency and low emissions exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, on-board hydrogen production for use in both an auxiliary power unit and for NOx reduction and by finding new solutions for making the after-treatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions a mechanical filter using a sintered metal filter is developed. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The system is based on four technological advances: Thermoelectric material s for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using hydrocarbons from the fuel and H2 from a high efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature epitaxial growth of metal carbides using fullerenes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 142-144, s. 817-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial transition metal carbides can be deposited at low temperatures by simultaneous evaporation of C60 and either metal e-beam evaporation or metal d.c. magnetron sputtering. Hitherto, epitaxial films of TiC, VC, NbC, MoC, W2C and WC have been deposited on MgO(100), MgO(111) and in some cases 6H- and 4H-SiC(0001). Epitaxial TiC films with a good quality have been deposited at temperatures as low as 100°C with metal sputtering, while somewhat higher temperatures (> 200°C) are required for the other metals. In general, the plasma-assisted process allows lower deposition temperatures than the co-evaporation process. Most carbides can be deposited in a wide range of compositions within their homogeneity ranges by a fine-tuning of the Me/C60 flux. However, the results suggest that the formation of free surface carbon can be a limiting factor. The processes have also been used to deposit superlattices of TiC/NbC and TiC/VC at 400-500°C as well as epitaxial ternary Tix V1-xCy films. Furthermore, epitaxial films of ternary carbides with well-controlled metal concentration profiles can be deposited at temperatures below 500°C. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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