| 1. |
- Mooij, Lennard, et al.
(author)
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The influence of site occupancy on diffusion of hydrogen in vanadium
- 2017
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In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 95:6
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the effect of site occupancy on the chemical diffusion of hydrogen in strained vanadium. The diffusion rate is found to decrease substantially, when hydrogen is occupying octahedral sites as compared to tetrahedral sites. Profound isotope effects are observed when comparing the diffusion rate of H and D. The changes in the diffusion rate are found to be strongly influenced by the changes in the potential energy landscape, as deduced from first-principles molecular dynamics calculations.
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| 2. |
- Palonen, H, et al.
(author)
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Adsorption of Trichoderma reesei CBH I and EG II and their catalytic domains on steam pretreated softwood and isolated lignin
- 2004
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In: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 107:1, s. 65-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presence of lignin has shown to play an important role in the enzymatic degradation of softwood. The adsorption of enzymes, and their constituent functional domains on the lignocellulosic material is of key importance to fundamental knowledge of enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, we compared the adsorption of two purified cellulases from Trichoderma reesei, CBH I (Cel7A) and EG II (Cel5A) and their catalytic domains on steam pretreated softwood (SPS) and lignin using tritium labeled enzymes. Both CBH I and its catalytic domain exhibited a higher affinity to SPS than EG Il or its catalytic domain. Removal of cellulose binding domain decreased markedly the binding efficiency. Significant amounts of CBH I and EG 11 also bound to isolated lignin. Surprisingly, the catalytic domains of the two enzymes of T reesei differed essentially in the adsorption to isolated lignin. The catalytic domain of EG II was able to adsorb to alkaline isolated lignin with a high affinity, whereas the catalytic domain of CBH I did not adsorb to any of the lignins, tested. The results indicate that the cellulose binding domain has a significant role in the unspecific binding of cellulases to lignin. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Palonen, H., et al.
(author)
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Giant vortex states in type I superconductors simulated by Ginzburg-Landau equations
- 2013
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In: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:38, s. 385702-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quantization of magnetic flux in superconductors is usually seen as vortices penetrating the sample. While vortices are unstable in bulk type I superconductors, restricting the superconductor causes a variety of vortex structures to appear. We present a systematic study of giant vortex states in type I superconductors obtained by numerically solving the Ginzburg-Landau equations. The size of the vortices is seen to increase with decreasing film thickness. In type I superconductors, giant vortices appear at intermediate thicknesses but they do not form a well-defined vortex lattice. In the thinnest type I films, singly quantized vortices seem to be stabilized by the geometry of the sample instead of an increase in the effective Ginzburg-Landau parameter.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Paturi, P., et al.
(author)
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Dopant Diameter Dependence of J(c)(B) in Doped YBCO Films
- 2016
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In: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 26:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In YBCO films doped with artificial pinning centers, such as BaZrO3 nanorods or BaCeO3 nanodots, the critical current density, J(c)(B vertical bar vertical bar c), is usually described with the form J(c) similar to B-alpha even though the shape of the J(c)(B)-curve does not really allow this. In the field region just above the low field plateau, the shape of the J(c)(B)-curve (in log-log scale) is rounded and not straight as in undoped films. The exponent alpha is found to decrease from 0.5 to around 0.2 in BaZrO3 doped films and to 0.4 in BaCeO3 doped films. The incompatibility with the curved data and the linear fit has lead to publication of alpha-parameters which are not comparable to each other due to different fitting limits. In this paper we show that it is better to use the Dew-Hughes pinning force F-p(B) = F-p0(B / Birr)(p)(1 - B / B-irr)(q) to describe the field dependence, where alpha approximate to 1 - p. We also show that the p and the roundness of the curve depend on the diameter of the pinning centers, but not, e.g., temperature or dopant concentration. This is shown from measurements of differently doped thin YBCO films and from large scale Ginzburg-Landau simulations. The result should have been expected since the diameters of the dopants are roughly the same size as the coherence length and it has been shown earlier that pinning centers much smaller than the coherence length lead to alpha = 0.5 and those much larger lead to alpha = 1.
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| 7. |
- Ronkainen, P. H., et al.
(author)
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Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy modifies skeletal muscle composition and function: a study with monozygotic twin pairs
- 2009
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In: J Appl Physiol. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587. ; 107:1, s. 25-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated whether long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with mobility and lower limb muscle performance and composition in postmenopausal women. Fifteen 54- to 62-yr-old monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for HRT were recruited from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Habitual (HWS) and maximal (MWS) walking speeds over 10 m, thigh muscle composition, lower body muscle power assessed as vertical jumping height, and maximal isometric hand grip and knee extension strengths were measured. Intrapair differences (IPD%) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The mean duration of HRT use was 6.9 +/- 4.1 yr. MWS was on average 7% (0.9 to 13.1%, P = 0.019) and muscle power 16% (-0.8 to 32.8%, P = 0.023) greater in HRT users than in their cotwins. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area tended to be larger (IPD% = 6%, 95% CI: -0.07 to 12.1%, P = 0.065), relative muscle area greater (IPD% = 8%, CI: 0.8 to 15.0%, P = 0.047), and relative fat area smaller (IPD% = -5%, CI: -11.3 to 1.2%, P = 0.047) in HRT users than in their sisters. There were no significant differences in maximal isometric strengths or HWS between users and nonusers. Subgroup analyses revealed that estrogen-containing therapies (11 pairs) significantly decreased total body and thigh fat content, whereas tibolone (4 pairs) tended to increase muscle cross-sectional area. This study showed that long-term HRT was associated with better mobility, greater muscle power, and favorable body and muscle composition among 54- to 62-yr-old women. The results indicate that HRT is a potential agent in preventing muscle weakness and mobility limitation in older women.
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