| 1. |
- Andersson, Kasper G, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of deposition and weathering parameters for the ingestion dose module (ECOSYS) of the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1700 .- 0265-931X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ECOSYS model is the ingestion dose model integrated in the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems for nuclear emergency management. The parameters used in this model have however not been updated in recent years, where the level of knowledge on various environmental processes has increased considerably. A Nordic work group has carried out a series of evaluations of the general validity of current ECOSYS default parameters. This paper specifically discusses the parameter revisions required with respect to the modelling of deposition and natural weathering of contaminants on agricultural crops, to enable the trustworthy prognostic modelling that is essential to ensure justification and optimisation of countermeasure strategies. New modelling approaches are outlined, since it was found that current ECOSYS approaches for deposition and natural weathering could lead to large prognostic errors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Duberstein, P R, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and risk for depression in a birth cohort of 70-year-olds followed for 15 years.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychological medicine. - 0033-2917. ; 38:5, s. 663-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between personality traits and the first lifetime onset of clinically significant depression has not been studied in older adults. METHOD: Experienced psychiatrists conducted interviews and chart reviews at baseline and throughout the 15-year follow-up period. Survival analyses were conducted on the presence/absence of a DSM-III-R mood disorder at follow-up. RESULTS: There were 59 cases of first lifetime episodes of depression. Analyses showed that Neuroticism [hazard ratio (HR) per one point increase in the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.08] but not Extroversion (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.06) amplified risk for mood disorder. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study on a randomly sampled birth cohort of older adults showed that Neuroticism confers risk for a first lifetime episode of clinically significant depression. Findings have implications for understanding the etiology of late-life depression (LLD) and could also aid in the identification and treatment of people at risk.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 26:1, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common and serious disorder that may have developmental origins. Birth-related factors have been related to childhood and adult occurrence of somatic as well as psychiatric disorders, but studies on the relationship between birth-related factors and depression are few and show mixed results. In addition, varying methods have been used to assess depression. Standardized clinical criteria to diagnose depression, combined with birth data collected from midwife records have not been used in most studies. Participants in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden (803 women), born 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930, provide information on birth factors and depression. Women participated from 1968 at mid-life ages of 38-60years, to 2000, when they were age 78-92years. Original birth records containing birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational time, as well as social factors were obtained. Lifetime depression was diagnosed via multiple information sources. Symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and diagnoses were based on DSM-III-R criteria. Over their lifetime, 44.6% of women in this sample experienced depression. Birth weights≤3500g [odds ratio (OR), age-adjusted=1.72; 95% CI 1.29-2.28, P<0.001] and shorter gestational time (OR, age-adjusted=1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.24, P=0.005) were independently associated with a higher odds of lifetime depression in a logistic regression model adjusted for age. Lower than median birth weights and shorter gestational time were related to lifetime depression in women. Both neurodevelopmental and environmental contributions to lifetime depression may be considered.
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| 6. |
- Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and depression in elderly women.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. - 1064-7481. ; 15:10, s. 832-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers including the 42 amino-acid form of beta-amyloid (Abeta42), total tau protein (T-tau), and the CSF/serum albumin ratio are markers of brain pathology and metabolism. Abeta42 and T-tau are sometimes used to discriminate geriatric depression from mild forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) in clinical studies. However, studies focusing on the relationship between these CSF biomarkers and geriatric depression are lacking. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a population-based sample of 84 nondemented elderly women in Sweden. Measurements included neuropsychiatric, physical, and lumbar puncture examinations, with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Revision-based depression diagnoses and measurement of CSF levels of Abeta42, T-tau, albumin, and serum albumin. RESULTS: Fourteen women (mean age: 72.6 years) had any depression (11 with major depressive disorder [MDD]). Compared to women without depression, women with MDD had higher levels of Abeta42 and the CSF/serum albumin ratio. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was also higher in women with any depression. No differences in T-tau were observed; however, T-tau increased with age. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of CSF Abeta42 were observed among elderly depressed women, in contrast to lower levels usually observed in AD, indicating potential neuropathological differences between the two disorders. Higher CSF/serum albumin ratios observed in depressed women point to potential vascular processes.
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| 7. |
- Hägglin, Catharina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Dental anxiety in relation to mental health and personality factors. A longitudinal study of middle-aged and elderly women.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 109:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the longitudinal course of dental anxiety in relation to age, mental health and personality factors. In 1968 69 a representative sample of 778 women aged 38 to 54 yr took part in a psychiatric examination. Three hundred and ten were followed up in 1992-93. A phobia questionnaire, including assessment of dental fear, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were distributed to the participants at both occasions. High dental fear was reported by 16.8% of the women at baseline and was associated with a higher number of other phobias, a higher level of neuroticism, more psychiatric impairment, more social disability due to phobic disorder, and a higher anxiety level. Among women who reported high dental fear in 1968 69 (n=36), 64% remitted and 36% remained fearful. Among women with low dental fear in 1968 69 (n = 274), 5% reported high dental fear in 1992-93. Chronicity was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and more psychiatric impairment at base-line. Remission was associated with higher extraversion at baseline. Dental anxiety increased or decreased over time in concert with the number of other fears.
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| 8. |
- Ingason, Arni Sigurdur, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range antiferromagnetic order in epitaxial Mn2GaC thin films from neutron reflectometry
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950. ; 94:2, s. 024416-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of the magnetic structure in magnetic so-called MAX phases is a topic of some controversy. Here we present unpolarized neutron-diffraction data between 3.4 and 290.0 K and momentum transfer between Q = 0.0 and 1.1 angstrom(-1), as well as complementary x-ray-diffraction data on epitaxial thin films of the MAX phase material Mn2GaC. This inherently layered material exhibits neutron-diffraction peaks consistent with long-ranged antiferromagnetic order with a periodicity of two structural unit cells. The magnetic structure is present throughout the measured temperature range. The results are in agreement with first-principles calculations of antiferromagnetic structures for this material where the Mn-C-Mn atomic trilayers are found to be ferromagnetically coupled internally but spin flipped or rotated across the Ga layers. The present findings have significant bearing on the discussion regarding the nature of the magnetic structure in magnetic MAX phases.
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| 9. |
- Iosjpe, Mikhail, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of severe radioactive releases to Nordic Marine environment
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consequences of hypothetical severe radioactive releases to Nordic marine environment – the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic - has been considered. As a reference, releases from a 3000 MWth nuclear power plant reactor size was used for the Baltic Sea area accidents. Individual dose to human could be ten to some hundreds of millisieverts in local sea area. In the Baltic Sea area, individual dose was 0.01 mSv after one year and 0.1 mSv after five years from the release event. The collective dose estimate was 880 manSv. In case of hypothetical submarine accidents at the North Atlantic, the marine fluxes are important factors. According to simulation results, e.g. maximum concentration near the source region at the Icelandic coast sinks below 1% only after 300 days. Consequences of an accident of a modern submarine for e.g. to Kattegat region was calculated. The arising doses can be equal or higher than from natural sources. The models predictions seem to reach nice consistence with measured values in qualitative and quantitative considerations.
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| 10. |
- Pálsson, Sigurdur Páll, 1960
(författare)
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Population studies on depression in the elderly. Prevalence, incidence and relation to cognitive function and dementia
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: To study the prevalence and incidence of depression in relation to cognitive function, dementia and brain atrophy in a representative sample of elderly persons. Methods: 70 and 74-year-old women (n=501) were studied in 1992-93 as part of the fourth phase of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. These women had previously been examined in 1968-69, 1973-74 and 1980-81. Another representative sample (N=392, 166 men and 226 women) was studied at the age of 70, in 1970-71, as part of the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70). These subjects were invited for follow-up examinations at 75, 79, 81, 83, 85 and 88 years of age. An extended sample was examined at the age of 85 (n=494), including 100 of the original sample. The investigation included a psychiatric examination, interview of a close informant, a neu-ropsychological examination and a CT scan of the head. The diagnoses were made according to the DSM-IIIR criteria. Dementia syndrome was diagnosed according to the ICD-9 in the longitudinal examinations. Case records were examined regarding information on lifetime depression and dementia. Results:Paper I. The prevalence of depression in 70 and 74-year-old women was 11.6 %, including 8.4% with major depression (MDD). Among those who were currently mentally healthy, 43.0 % had a history of previous depression. Women with current major depression had lower scores on the MMSE than the mentally healthy women. This association was only found in women with the lower level of education. Current depressives, previous depressives and mentally healthy women without a history of depression did not differ regarding brain atrophy or white matter lesions on CT. The association between MDD and lower cognitive performance was independent of structural brain changes on CT.Paper II. The incidence of depression was 12/ per 1000 person-years in men and 30/ per 1000 person-years in women between the ages of 70 and 85 (p=0.001). The incidence increased from 17/ per 1000 person-years (men 8.7, women 23.2, p=0.007) between the ages of 70 and 79 to 44/ per 1000 person- years (men 27.0, women 52.8, p=0.166) between 79 and 85 (age difference RR 2.6; p< 0.001, men RR 3.1; p=0.036, women RR 2.3; p=0.003). A diagnosis of depression was associated with increased mortality and refusal rate during the 15-year follow-up. Previous episodes of depression were associated with an increased risk of new episodes. The prevalence of depression increased from 5.6% at the age of 70 to 13.0% at the age of 85. The lifetime prevalence of depression was 23% in men and 45% in women. Paper III. Among 85-year-olds with low education, the depressed performed worse than the mentally healthy in the Mini Mental State Examination, whereas this distinction was not evident among individuals with higher education. Measures of brain atrophy were similar in depressed and mentally healthy 85-year-olds. Early-onset major depression but not late-onset depression was associated with an increased three-year incidence of dementia.Paper IV. Individuals with major depression performed worse than those mentally healthy in tests of verbal ability, inductive logical reasoning, spatial ability, perceptual speed and secondary memory. There were no differences between the groups regarding basic arithmetics and primary memory. There were no differences between early and late-onset depressives. Individuals with low motivation during the neuropsychiatric examination were more cognitively impaired in the psychological tests. Decreased concentration and psychomotor retardation were the individual symptoms of MDS that typically contributed to lower test scores. Paper V. History of depression did not increase the risk of dementia in men and women compared to those never depressed during the 18-year follow-up period.
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