| 1. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Knowledge Versus Negotiated Indicators for Assessment of Ecological Sustainability : The Swedish Forest Stewardship Council Standard as a Case Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 229-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing ecological sustainability involves monitoring of indicators and comparison of their states with performance targets that are deemed sustainable. First, a normative model was developed centered on evidence-based knowledge about (a) forest composition, structure, and function at multiple scales, and (b) performance targets derived by quantifying the habitat amount in naturally dynamic forests, and as required for presence of populations of specialized focal species. Second, we compared the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification standards' ecological indicators from 1998 and 2010 in Sweden to the normative model using a Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic, and Timebound (SMART) indicator approach. Indicator variables and targets for riparian and aquatic ecosystems were clearly under-represented compared to terrestrial ones. FSC's ecological indicators expanded over time from composition and structure towards function, and from finer to coarser spatial scales. However, SMART indicators were few. Moreover, they poorly reflected quantitative evidence-based knowledge, a consequence of the fact that forest certification mirrors the outcome of a complex social negotiation process.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bertilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Återinventering av hagar i miljöövervakningssyfte i Skaraborg år 2001 samt en metodutvärdering
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöövervakning av 60 slumpvis utvalda hagar med en metod att notera indikatorarter i fasta provytor längs en transekt genom hagen beställdes av Länsstyrelsen 1996. Man valde att registrera täckning av enbart indikatorarter för naturlig gräsmark, kvävearter och ohävdsarter för att få en snabb och kostnadseffektiv metod. Avståndet mellan provytorna längs transekten skulle i princip vara 20 meter och i provytans centrum utgjordes av ett järnrör som slogs ner under jordytan. Provytan bestod av en cirkel med en yta av 2 kvadratmeter och täckningsgraden noterades i en logaritmisk skala. En bedömning av hagens hävd med hänsyn till betestryck, kvarvarande förna m.m. noterades och ett par fotografier längs transekten togs. År 2001 upprepades inventeringen och med hjälp av kartskisser och metalldetektor återfanns järnrören i alla hagar utom 2 där utgångspunkterna förstörts. En liten förändring av täckningsgradskalan (där täckningen var över 50 %) gjordes och i den tredje provytan i varje hage noterades täckningsgraden av alla kärlväxter.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Mats O. G., et al.
(författare)
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Vattenkemi och fiskbeståndens sammansättning i storlommens Gavia arctica häckningssjöar, samt en jämförelse med smålommens Gavia stellata fiskesjöar
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - : Sveriges Ornitologiska förening. - 1102-6812 .- 2003-2633. ; 20:1, s. 3-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breeding performance of Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica was compared to water chemistry, light penetration and density of fish in 122 breeding lakes in Sweden with a total of 184 pairs (1.5 pairs per lake, about 3% of the national population). The breeding lakes were on average nutrient-poor, and 12% of them had a low buffering capacity (alkalinity <0.10 meq/l). Perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus and pike Esox lucius, three species characteristic for nutrient-poor lakes, were found in more than 90% of the lakes. Salmonid fish occurred in half of the lakes, compared to >90% of the fishing lakes used by Red-throated Diver. Reproduction was related to high abundance of Perch, and the survival of chicks to light penetration. Poor nutrient status in combination with low pH or alkalinity in approximatively 10% of the breeding lakes of Black-throated Diver and probably more than 30% of the fishing lakes of Red-throated Diver, indicate susceptibility of exposure to methylmercury. This finding should be considered in relation to recent reports of increased contents of mercury in freshwater fish.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Franc, Niklas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Factors and scales potentially important for saproxylic beetles in temperate mixed oak forest
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 135:1, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of environmental factors on species richness and species composition may be manifested at different spatial levels. Exploring these relationships is important to understand at which spatial scales certain species and organism groups become sensitive to fragmentation and changes in habitat quality. At different spatial scales we evaluated the potential influence of 45 factors (multiple regression, PCA) on saproxylic oak beetles in 21 smaller broadleaved Swedish forests of conservation importance (woodland key habitats, WKH). Local amount of dead wood in forests is often assumed to be important, but two landscape variables, area of oak dominated woodland key habitats within 1 km of sites and regional amount of dead oak wood, were the main (and strong) predictors of variation in local species richness of oak beetles. The result was similar for red-listed beetles associated with oak. Species composition of the beetles was also best predicted by area of oak woodland key habitat within 1 km, with canopy closure as the second predictor. Despite suitable local quality of the woodland key habitats, the density of such habitat patches may in many areas be too low for long-term protection of saproxylic beetles associated with broadleaved temperate forests. Landscapes with many clustered woodland key habitats rich in oak should have high priority for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles.
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| 7. |
- Fröberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Age and epiphytic lichen diversity of the dwarf shrub Helianthemum oelandicum on the island of Öland , Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - : British Lichen Society. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:5, s. 537-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichen cover and diversity was analysed on the dwarf shrub Helianthemum oelandicum (L.) Dum.Cours.at one site in the calcareous grassland of the area known as the 'Great Alvar' on the Island of Öland, Sweden. The age of 22 phorophytes was determined by ring counting and varied from 8 to 41 years and was accurately predicted by the root diameter. A total of 18 lichen species were found, with a range between 0 and 13 species per phorophyte. The number of lichen species on living H. oelandicum was correlated with the phorophyte age. The number of lichen species and their coverage was greater on dead compared with living phorophytes. The species number was also higher on thin branches compared with thick branches and roots and some of the species showed preferences for dead phorophytes, and for thin branches. This study of lichen colonization and growth on dwarf shrubs in relation to phorophyte age is a new application of herbchronology.
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| 8. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating partial cutting in broadleaved temperate forest under strong experimental control: Short-term effects on herbaceous plants
- 2005
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 214:1-3, s. 124-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partial harvesting of forest for biofuel and other products may be less harmful to biodiversity than clear-cutting, and may even be beneficial for some species or groups of organisms such as herbs. There are, however, few well-controlled experiments evaluating positive and negative effects, such as species losses directly after harvest. In closed canopy mixed oak forest in Sweden, about 25% of the tree basal area and 50-90% of the understory was removed (mainly spruce, birch, aspen, lime, rowan and hazel). In each of six forests, we studied herbs in an experimental (cutting) plot and a control plot (undisturbed) before, and in the first summer, after the harvest (conducted in winter). Losses of species were similar in experimental and control plots (15-16%). The harvest increased species richness by 4-31% (mean 18%); also species diversity (H) increased. Several ruderals increased in experimental plots, but most changes occurred in grassland and forest species; partial cutting led to complex, partly unpredictable early changes in the herb community. A review of early effects of partial cutting (eight experiments) indicated that it increases herb species richness in stands of broadleaves, but apparently not in conifer stands; there was no evidence that partial cutting increases species losses. Thus, with respect to early changes after harvest, we found no negative effects of partial cutting on herbs. We suggest, however, that some proportion of closed-canopy mixed oak forest should not be harvested, to protect rare, potentially sensitive herbs, and to create stand diversity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Götmark, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvårdsgallring : vad är det?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1401-5064. ; 14:1, s. 20-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvårdsgallring, vad är det?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 2009:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fri utveckling, bete och gallring är huvudalternativen för naturvård i värdefulla lövbestånd. Principen är att grundinventera, sätta upp mål, spara gamla träd och lämna död ved.
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