| 1. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(författare)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 2. |
- Schmidt, Amand F., et al.
(författare)
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Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. Methods: Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration. Results: The PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer's disease - outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable. Conclusions: Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.
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| 3. |
- Surendran, Praveen, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:12, s. 1314-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to similar to 1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency <= 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were similar to 8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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| 4. |
- Evangelou, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:10, s. 1412-1425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood pressure is a highly heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We report the largest genetic association study of blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) to date in over 1 million people of European ancestry. We identify 535 novel blood pressure loci that not only offer new biological insights into blood pressure regulation but also highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures. Our findings identify new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation with potential for improved cardiovascular disease prevention in the future.
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| 5. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(författare)
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A networked sis disease dynamics model with a waterborne pathogen
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the American Control Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538679265 ; , s. 2735-2740
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a distributed continuous-time epidemic model, called networked SIWS (Susceptible-Infected-Water-Susceptible) model, for an SIS type waterborne disease spreading over a network of multiple groups of individuals sharing a water source. A sufficient condition is obtained for the healthy state, at which all individuals are not infected and the water is not contaminated, to be globally asymptotically stable. The effects of the shared water source on the disease spreading are analyzed through the comparison of the basic reproduction number with the networked SIS model without water and demonstrated via simulations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
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Ensuring privacy of occupancy changes in smart buildings
- 2020
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Ingår i: CCTA 2020 - 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 871-876
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart building management systems rely on sensors to optimize the operation of buildings. If an unauthorized user gains access to these sensors, a privacy leak may occur. This paper considers such a potential leak of privacy in a smart residential building, and how it may be mitigated by corrupting the measurements with additive Gaussian noise. This corruption is done in order to hide when the occupancy changes in an apartment. A lower bound on the variance of any estimator that estimates the change time is derived. The bound is then used to analyze how different model parameters affect the variance. It is shown that the signal to noise ratio and the system dynamics are the main factors that affect the bound. These results are then verified on a simulator of the KTH Live-In Lab Testbed, showing good correspondence with theoretical results.
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| 8. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Stability of Prosumer Heat Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: IFAC PAPERSONLINE. - : ELSEVIER. - 2405-8963. ; , s. 235-240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy sector is going through a large transformation due to public demands of renewable energy sources. However, a major issue is that these energy sources are intermittent. If designed correctly, district heating systems can naturally contain energy storing units, for example by storing heat in the isolated pipes that make up the heat grid. Additionally, this makes it easier to reuse and transport already generated heat to other users. This paper proposes a mathematical model of such a grid, where excess energy can be retracted from one user and distributed to other users using a network of heat pumps. In some cases, one can balance residual heat production with the heat consumption, temporarily eliminating the need for a centralized heating plant. Existence conditions for stable steady states of such a network with general topology are given. Finally, energy optimal stable steady states are obtained through convex optimization.
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| 9. |
- Gracy, Sebin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis and Distributed Control of Periodic Epidemic Processes
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2325-5870. ; 8:1, s. 123-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies epidemic processes over discrete-time periodic time-varying networks. We focus on the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model that accounts for a (possibly) mutating virus. We say that an agent is in the disease-free state if it is not infected by the virus. Our objective is to devise a control strategy which ensures that all agents in a network exponentially (respectively asymptotically) converge to the disease-free equilibrium (DFE). Toward this end, we first provide 1) sufficient conditions for exponential (respectively, asymptotic) convergence to the DFE and 2) a necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic convergence to the DFE. The sufficient condition for global exponential stability (GES) [respectively global asymptotic stability (GAS)] of the DFE is in terms of the joint spectral radius of a set of suitably defined matrices, whereas the necessary and sufficient condition for GAS of the DFE involves the spectral radius of an appropriately defined product of matrices. Subsequently, we leverage the stability results in order to design a distributed control strategy for eradicating the epidemic.
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