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- Rinaldi, S., et al.
(författare)
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An experimental characterization of time of arrival accuracy for time synchronization of medium voltage smart grid solutions
- 2019
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Ingår i: AMPS 2019 Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728100753
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The time synchronization of smart grid devices is a critical feature for the successful application of advanced grid monitoring and control techniques. Synchronization mechanisms based on the accurate estimation of the Time of Arrival (ToA) of network messages-sent over power line cables-are a promising solution to achieve synchronization tasks over distribution lines. In this paper, a chirp-based synchronization technique over the Medium Voltage (MV) grid has been proposed and characterized. Such approach has the benefit of not requiring the installation of a dedicated infrastructure, thanks to the exploitation of power distribution lines for the transmission of time synchronization data. The effectiveness of the approach has been experimentally evaluated on a simplified MV line available in a testing laboratory. Although, the tested chirp has a limited frequency bandwidth (80 kHz), the maximum variation of the ToA estimation is on the order of 3.5 μs, which fulfills the requirements of most smart grid applications. © 2019 IEEE.
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- Rinaldi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Time Dissemination System Using Chirp Modulation for Medium Voltage Smart Grid Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 69:9, s. 6686-6695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monitoring and the management of smart grid require an advanced communication infrastructure. The time synchronization is among the most important services such an infrastructure should offer. Several solutions are available to disseminate the time information in a distributed system; for instance, most of the times a global positioning system (GPS) receiver is used to recover accurate time information. However, GPS receivers need a clear view of the sky. Other solutions, like the use of a network-based synchronization mechanism, require a dedicated communication infrastructure, which is not always feasible for economical reason. Thus, the use of the power grid itself to disseminate a time signal is extremely interesting. The aim of this article is to investigate the possibility to distribute a time signal over a medium voltage (MV) grid using a chirp-based modulation. The timing data are coded using IRIG-B time code. Such an approach does not require the installation of a dedicated infrastructure, and it is noninvasive, because the signal is transmitted on a different band with the respect to power line communication (PLC). The effectiveness of the approach has been experimentally evaluated on a test MV line available in a laboratory. Although the tested chirp-based symbol has a limited frequency bandwidth (80 kHz), the jitter in the identification of the start of frame is on the order of 7.5 μ s, fulfilling the requirements of the most smart grid applications. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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- Rinaldi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of communication requirements for enabling the coordinate charge of sustainable multimodal electric vehicle supply equipment
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665412629
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate changes are progressively influencing the energetic policies in every field. The mobility sector is also under a deep transformation: the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles are progressively replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). In the case of the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), the traditional engine coexists with the electric one, reducing the overall environmental impact of the vehicles. Currently, only a limited number of EVs are fully electric, the so called Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), but their impact on the distribution grid is increasing day by day. BEVs require the availability of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) to recharge on-board battery. Each of the charging point of a EVSE could typically feed up 22 kW active power (or more in the case of mode 4, according to IEC 61851-1 standard), more than the consumption of three private houses, for approximately a couple of hours (the modern BEVs are equipped generally with a 50 kWh on-board battery to guarantee a useful range). Thus, the installation of EVSEs represents a critical task for Distribution System Operators (DSOs): adequate power supply lines should be identified to be able to install an EVSE. The target of the MoSoRe project is to design a multimodal EVSE able to exploit the energy provided by renewable generators in order to improve sustainability of EV charging and to minimize its impact on the power grid. In that case, a proper charging of the EVs requires the EVSE to work in coordinate mode: a strong interaction between the DSO, the EVSE and the customer is needed. The target of the proposed research work is to investigate the is to analyze the communication requirements of the EVSE in order to support coordinate charge of multimodal EVSE. The behavior of the proposed multimodal EVSE has been modeled in simulation environment, demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach to reduce the impact of EVs on the distribution grid in case of a coordinate charge is implemented. © 2021 IEEE.
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