| 1. |
- Allam, Venkata Sita Rama Raju, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutraceuticals and mitochondrial oxidative stress : bridging the gap in the management of bronchial asthma
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:42, s. 62733-62754
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily characterized by inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction. It is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Oxidative stress further complicates the pathology of the disease. The current treatment strategies for asthma mainly involve the use of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. However, long-term usage of such medications is associated with severe adverse effects and complications. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop newer, novel, and safe treatment modalities for the management of asthma. This has therefore prompted further investigations and detailed research to identify and develop novel therapeutic interventions from potent untapped resources. This review focuses on the significance of oxidative stressors that are primarily derived from both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources in initiating the clinical features of asthma. The review also discusses the biological scavenging system of the body and factors that may lead to its malfunction which could result in altered states. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed insight into the therapeutic role of nutraceuticals as an effective strategy to attenuate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and may be used in the mitigation of the cardinal features of bronchial asthma.
|
|
| 2. |
- Devarakonda, Sravani, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary Fiber and the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche in a Model of Pelvic Radiotherapy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 475, s. 137-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- sought to determine whether radiation to the colorectum had an impact on parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis and, if so, whether it could be modulated by a fiber-rich diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing bioprocessed oat bran or a fiber-free diet, starting two weeks before colorectal irradiation with 4 fractions of 8 Gray or sham-irradiation. Diets were then continued for 1, 6 or 18 weeks, whereafter parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis were analyzed and correlated to serum cytokine levels. No statistically significant changes in neuronal markers or cell proliferation were found at one week post-irradiation. Six weeks postirradiation there was a decreased cell proliferation in the subgranular zone that appeared slightly more pronounced in irradiated animals on a fiber-free diet and increased numbers of immature neurons per mm2 dentate gyrus in the irradiated mice, with a statistically significant increase in mice on a fiber-rich diet. Microglial abundancy was similar between all groups. 18 weeks post-irradiation, a fiber-free diet had reduced the number of immature neurons, whereas irradiation resulted in an increase. Despite this, the population of mature neurons was stable. Analysis of serum cytokines revealed a negative correlation between MIP1-a and the number of immature neurons one week after irradiation, regardless of diet. Our findings show that pelvic radiotherapy has the potential to cause a long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and dietary interventions may modulate this impact. More in-depth studies on the relationship between irradiation-induced intestinal injury and brain health are warranted. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 3. |
- Iribarren, Cristina, 1993, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Gut Microbiota, Metabolite Profiles and Host Mucosal Response in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human milk oligosaccharide supplementation safely modulates fecal bifidobacteria abundance and holds the potential to manage symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we aimed to determine the role of a 4:1 mix of 2 & PRIME;-O-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose (2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT) on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and host mucosal response, as well as the link between the bifidobacteria abundance and metabolite modulation, in IBS patients. Methods: Biological samples were collected from IBS patients (n = 58) at baseline and week 4 post-supplementation with placebo, 5 g or 10 g doses of 2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT. The gut microbiota composition, metabolite profiles and expression of genes related to host mucosal response were determined. Results: Moderate changes in fecal, but not mucosal, microbial composition (beta-diversity) was observed during the intervention with higher dissimilarity observed within individuals receiving 10g 2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT compared to placebo. Both fecal and mucosal Bifidobacterium spp. increased after 2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT intake, with increased proportions of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the intervention modulated the fecal and plasma metabolite profiles, but not the urine metabolite profile or the host mucosal response. Changes in the metabolite profiles were associated to changes in bifidobacteria abundance. Conclusion: Supplementation with 2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT modulated the gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolite profiles, but not the host mucosal response in IBS. Furthermore, the bifidogenic effect was associated with metabolite modulation. Overall, these findings support the assertion that 2 & PRIME;FL/LNnT supplementation modulate the intestinal microenvironment of patients with IBS, potentially related to health.
|
|
| 4. |
- Malipatlolla, Dilip, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
A fiber-rich diet and radiation-induced injury in the murine intestinal mucosa
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary fiber is considered a strong intestinal protector, but we do not know whether dietary fiber protects against the long-lasting mucosal damage caused by ionizing radiation. To evaluate whether a fiber-rich diet can ameliorate the long-lasting pathophysiological hallmarks of the irradiated mucosa, C57BL/6J mice on a fiber-rich bioprocessed oat bran diet or a fiber-free diet received 32 Gray in four fractions to the distal colorectum using a linear accelerator and continued on the diets for one, six or 18 weeks. We quantified degenerating crypts, crypt fission, cell proliferation, crypt survival, macrophage density and bacterial infiltration. Crypt loss through crypt degeneration only occurred in the irradiated mice. Initially, it was most frequent in the fiber-deprived group but declined to levels similar to the fiber-consuming group by 18 weeks. The fiber-consuming group had a fast response to irradiation, with crypt fission for growth or healing peaking already at one week post-irradiation, while crypt fission in the fiber-deprived group peaked at six weeks. A fiber-rich diet allowed for a more intense crypt cell proliferation, but the recovery of crypts was eventually lost by 18 weeks. Bacterial infiltration was a late phenomenon, evident in the fiber-deprived animals and intensified manyfold after irradiation. Bacterial infiltration also coincided with a specific proinflammatory serum cytokine profile. In contrast, mice on a fiber-rich diet were completely protected from irradiation-induced bacterial infiltration and exhibited a similar serum cytokine profile as sham-irradiated mice on a fiber-rich diet. Our findings provide ample evidence that dietary fiber consumption modifies the onset, timing and intensity of radiation-induced pathophysiological processes in the intestinal mucosa. However, we need more knowledge, not least from clinical studies, before this finding can be introduced to a new and refined clinical practice.
|
|
| 5. |
- Malipatlolla, Dilip, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term mucosal injury and repair in a murine model of pelvic radiotherapy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic intestinal injury after pelvic radiotherapy affects countless cancer survivors worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the long-term injury dynamics is prevented in available animal models. With linear accelerators that are used to treat cancer in patients, we irradiated a small volume encompassing the colorectum in mice with four fractions of 8 Gy per fraction. We then determined the long-term dynamics of mucosal injury, repair, and the duration of inflammation. We show that crypt fission, not cell proliferation, is the main long-term mechanism for rescuing crypt density after irradiation, and provides a potentially wide window for clinical interventions. Persisting macrophage aggregations indicate a chronic mucosal inflammation. A better understanding as to how crypt fission is triggered and why it fails to repair fully the mucosa may help restore bowel health after pelvic radiotherapy. Moreover, anti-inflammatory interventions, even if implemented long after completed radiotherapy, could promote bowel health in pelvic cancer survivors.
|
|
| 6. |
- Motalleb, Reza, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
In vivo migration of endogenous brain progenitor cells guided by an injectable peptide amphiphile biomaterial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1932-6254 .- 1932-7005. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomaterials hold great promise in helping the adult brain regenerate and rebuild after trauma. Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are highly versatile biomaterials, gelling and forming macromolecular structures when exposed to physiological levels of electrolytes. We are here reporting on the first ever in vivo use of self-assembling PA carrying a Tenascin-C signal (E(2)Ten-C PA) for the redirection of endogenous neuroblasts in the rodent brain. The PA forms highly aligned nanofibers, displaying the migratory sequence of Tenascin-C glycoprotein as epitope. In this in vivo work, we have formed in situ a gel of aligned PA nanofibers presenting a migratory Tenascin-C signal sequence in the ventral horn of the rostral migratory stream, creating a track reaching the neocortex. Seven days posttransplant, doublecortin positive cells were observed migrating inside and alongside the injected biomaterial, reaching the cortex. We observed a 24-fold increase in number of redirected neuroblasts for the E(2)Ten-C PA-injected animals compared to control. We also found injecting the E(2)Ten-C PA to cause minimal neuroinflammatory response. Analysing GFAP(+) astrocytes and Iba1(+) microglia activation, the PA does not elicit a stronger neuroinflammatory response than would be expected from a small needle stab wound. Redirecting endogenous neuroblasts and increasing the number of cells reaching a site of injury using PAs may open up new avenues for utilizing the pool of neuroblasts and neural stem cells within the adult brain for regenerating damaged brain tissue and replacing neurons lost to injury.
|
|
| 7. |
- Patel, Khageshwar Singh, et al.
(författare)
-
A review on arsenic in the environment : contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure
- 2023
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 13:13, s. 8803-8821
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arsenic is one of the regulated hazard materials in the environment and a persistent pollutant creating environmental, agricultural and health issues and posing a serious risk to humans. In the present review, sources and mobility of As in various compartments of the environment (air, water, soil and sediment) around the World are comprehensively investigated, along with measures of health hazards. Multiple atomic spectrometric approaches have been applied for total and speciation analysis of As chemical species. The LoD values are basically under 1 mu g L-1, which is sufficient for the analysis of As or its chemical species in environmental samples. Both natural and anthropogenic sources contributed to As in air, while fine particulate matter tends to have higher concentrations of arsenic and results in high concentrations of As up to a maximum of 1660 ng m(-3) in urban areas. Sources for As in natural waters (as dissolved or in particulate form) can be attributed to natural deposits, agricultural and industrial effluents, for which the maximum concentration of 2000 mu g L-1 was found in groundwater. Sources for As in soil can be the initial contents, fossil fuel burning products, industrial effluents, pesticides, and so on, with a maximum reported concentration up to 4600 mg kg(-1). Sources for As in sediments can be attributed to their reservoirs, with a maximum reported concentration up to 2500 mg kg(-1). It is notable that some reported concentrations of As in the environment are several times higher than permissible limits. However, many aspects of arsenic environmental chemistry including contamination of the environment, quantification, mobility, removal and health hazards are still unclear.
|
|
| 8. |
- Patel, Khageshwar Singh, et al.
(författare)
-
A review on arsenic in the environment : bio-accumulation, remediation, and disposal
- 2023
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 13:22, s. 14914-14929
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arsenic is a widespread serious environmental pollutant as a food chain contaminant and non-threshold carcinogen. Arsenic transfer through the crops-soil-water system and animals is one of the most important pathways of human exposure and a measure of phytoremediation. Exposure occurs primarily from the consumption of contaminated water and foods. Various chemical technologies are utilized for As removal from contaminated water and soil, but they are very costly and difficult for large-scale cleaning of water and soil. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plants to remove As from a contaminated environment. A large number of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far for their hyper metal removal capacity. In the panorama presented herein, the latest state of the art on methods of bioaccumulation, transfer mechanism of As through plants and animals, and remediation that encompass the use of physicochemical and biological processes, i.e., microbes, mosses, lichens, ferns, algae, and macrophytes have been assessed. Since these bioremediation approaches for the clean-up of this contaminant are still at the initial experimental stages, some have not been recognized at full scale. Nonetheless, extensive research on these primitive plants as bio-accumulators can be instrumental in controlling arsenic exposure and rehabilitation and may result in major progress to solve the problem on a worldwide scale.
|
|
| 9. |
- Patel, Piyush, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary oat bran reduces systemic inflammation in mice subjected to pelvic irradiation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients undergoing radiotherapy to treat pelvic-organ cancer are commonly advised to follow a restricted fiber diet. However, reducing dietary fiber may promote gastrointestinal inflammation, eventually leading to deteriorated intestinal health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of dietary fiber on radiation-induced inflammation. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a High-oat bran diet (15% fiber) or a No-fiber diet (0% fiber) and were either irradiated (32 Gy delivered in four fractions) to the colorectal region or only sedated (controls). The dietary intervention started at 2 weeks before irradiation and lasted for 1, 6, and 18 weeks after irradiation, at which time points mice were sacrificed and their serum samples were assayed for 23 cytokines and chemokines. Our analyses show that irradiation increased the serum cytokine levels at all the time points analyzed. The No-fiber irradiated mice had significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than the High-oat irradiated mice at all time points. The results indicate that a fiber-rich oat bran diet reduces the intensity of radiation-induced inflammation, both at an early and late stage. Based on the results, it seems that the advice to follow a low-fiber diet during radiotherapy may increase the risk of decreased intestinal health in cancer survivors. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
|
|
| 10. |
- Patel, Piyush
(författare)
-
Towards restoring intestinal health after pelvic radiotherapy - Lessons from dietary fiber intervention in a novel mouse model
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients who have cancer in the pelvic region are at risk of developing gastrointestinal symptoms for weeks, months, or even years after receiving radiotherapy. These symptoms are triggered due to unwanted radiation-induced damage to surrounding non-cancerous tissues, resulting in the disruption of normal physiological functions. Worldwide, millions of cancer survivors suffer from reduced bowel health as a consequence of radiotherapy. Quality of life is reduced due to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as urgency, fecal leakage, blood and mucus discharge, and excessive production of odorous gases. Our goal was to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for these symptoms and to prevent its occurrence. To address these issues, we have developed a novel mouse model in which mice were irradiated within a small restricted field that encompasses the distal bowel using a clinical linear accelerator that is used to treat patients. In Paper I, biomarkers to identify radiation-induced intestinal injury were studied, and elastase was found to be a good biomarker of radiation-induced injury to the distal bowel. In Paper II, the long-term progression of mucosal injury and repair mechanisms after radiotherapy were studied. It was observed that radiation-induced mucosal damage occurs through persistent crypt loss and that repair proceeds through the crypt fission process. In Papers III and IV, we wanted to investigate whether the advice given to the patients to avoid fiber during radiotherapy is beneficial or detrimental. We found that mice that were fed the fiber-deficient diet and exposed to irradiation had high serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, aberrant mucosal histology, high levels of mucus degradation, low levels of short-chain fatty acids, and signs of gut dysbiosis, as compared to mice that were fed the fiber-rich high oat bran diet and exposed to irradiation. This supports the notion that avoiding fiber during radiotherapy might not be beneficial to patients. In conclusion, diet plays an important role in modifying the effects of irradiation on intestinal health. A fiber-rich high oat bran diet helps to reduce the harmful effects of radiation and to ameliorate radiation-induced intestinal damage, whereas a fiber-deficient diet exacerbates radiation-induced intestinal damage. Keywords: Pelvic radiotherapy, radiation-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, oat bran.
|
|
