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- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Ahuja, Vishal, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial alchemy : upcycling of brewery spent grains into high-value products through fermentation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in biotechnology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0738-8551 .- 1549-7801.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spent grains are one of the lignocellulosic biomasses available in abundance, discarded by breweries as waste. The brewing process generates around 25–30% of waste in different forms and spent grains alone account for 80–85% of that waste, resulting in a significant global waste volume. Despite containing essential nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, efficient and economically viable valorization of these grains is lacking. Microbial fermentation enables the valorization of spent grain biomass into numerous commercially valuable products used in energy, food, healthcare, and biomaterials. However, the process still needs more investigation to overcome challenges, such as transportation, cost-effective pretreatment, and fermentation strategy. to lower the product cost and to achieve market feasibility and customer affordability. This review summarizes the potential of spent grains valorization via microbial fermentation and associated challenges.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez-Sosa, Ester, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Body Texture From mmW Images for Person Recognition
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 2637-6407. ; 1:2, s. 139-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging using millimeter waves (mmWs) has many advantages including the ability to penetrate obscurants, such as clothes and polymers. After having explored shape information retrieved from mmW images for person recognition, in this paper we aim to gain some insight about the potential of using mmW texture information for the same task, considering not only the mmW face, but also mmW torso and mmW wholebody. We report experimental results using the mmW TNO database consisting of 50 individuals based on both hand-crafted and learned features from Alexnet and VGG-face pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) models. First, we analyze the individual performance of three mmW body parts, concluding that: 1) mmW torso region is more discriminative than mmW face and the whole body; 2) CNN features produce better results compared to hand-crafted features on mmW faces and the entire body; and 3) hand-crafted features slightly outperform CNN features on mmW torso. In the second part of this paper, we analyze different multi-algorithmic and multi-modal techniques, including a novel CNN-based fusion technique, improving verification results to 2% EER and identification rank-1 results up to 99%. Comparative analyses with mmW body shape information and face recognition in the visible and NIR spectral bands are also reported.
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| 7. |
- Nahi, Hareth, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of Treatment-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Haematologica. - : S. Karger AG. - 0001-5792 .- 1421-9662. ; 144:5, s. 519-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a complication of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Objective: This real-world, retrospective study used electronic medical record (EMR) data from 3 Swedish clinics to assess the occurrence and economic burden of TIPN in patients with MM. Methods: Eligible patients had an MM diagnosis in the Swedish Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2015 and initiated treatment during that period. Follow-up was until last EMR visit, death, or study end (April 2017). The current analyses included patients receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide, carfilzomib, or thalidomide at any treatment line. To discern healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with TIPN from other causes, patients with TIPN were matched with those without on baseline characteristics, treatment, and line of therapy. All analyses were descriptive. Results: Overall, 457 patients were included; 102 (22%) experienced TIPN. Patients experiencing TIPN during first-line treatment mostly received bortezomib-based regimens (n = 48/57 [84%]); those with TIPN during second- A nd third/fourth-line treatment mostly received lenalidomide/thalidomide-based regimens (19/31 [61%], 8/14 [57%], respectively). Patients with TIPN had higher HCRU/costs than those without TIPN (mean differences in hospital outpatient visits: 5.2, p = 0.0031; total costs per patient-year: EUR 17,183, p = 0.0007). Conclusions: Effective MM treatments associated with a reduced incidence of TIPN could result in decreased healthcare expenditure.
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| 8. |
- Patel, Vishal C., et al.
(författare)
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Rifaximin-alpha reduces gut-derived inflammation and mucin degradation in cirrhosis and encephalopathy : RIFSYS randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 76:2, s. 332-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Rifaximin-alpha is efficacious for the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We postulated that rifaximin-alpha reduces gut microbiota-derived endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, a known driver of HE. Methods: In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, mechanistic study, 38 patients with cirrhosis and HE were randomised 1:1 to receive either rifaximin-alpha (550 mg BID) or placebo for 90 days. Primary outcome: 50% reduction in neutrophil oxidative burst (OB) at 30 days. Secondary outcomes: changes in psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and neurocognitive functioning, shotgun metagenomic sequencing of saliva and faeces, plasma and faecal metabolic profiling, whole blood bacterial DNA quantification, neutrophil toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4/9 expression and plasma/faecal cytokine analysis. Results: Patients were well-matched: median MELD (11 rifaximin-alpha vs. 10 placebo). Rifaximin-alpha did not lead to a 50% reduction in spontaneous neutrophil OB at 30 days compared to baseline (p = 0.48). However, HE grade normalised (p = 0.014) and PHES improved (p = 0.009) after 30 days on rifaximin-alpha. Rifaximin-alpha reduced circulating neutrophil TLR-4 expression on day 30 (p = 0.021) and plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (p <0.001). Rifaximin-a suppressed oralisation of the gut, reducing levels of mucin-degrading sialidase-rich species, Streptococcus spp, Veillonella atypica and parvula, Akkermansia and Hungatella. Rifaximin-alpha promoted a TNF-alpha-and interleukin17E-enriched intestinal microenvironment, augmenting antibacterial responses to invading pathobionts and promoting gut barrier repair. Those on rifaximin-alpha were less likely to develop infection (odds ratio 0.21; 95% CI 0.05-0.96). Conclusion: Rifaximin-alpha led to resolution of overt and covert HE, reduced the likelihood of infection, reduced oralisation of the gut and attenuated systemic inflammation. Rifaximin-alpha plays a role in gut barrier repair, which could be the mechanism by which it ameliorates bacterial translocation and systemic endotoxemia in cirrhosis.
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| 9. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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