| 1. |
- Jain, Samatha M., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the molecular mechanism responsible for developing therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance of rectal cancer and improving the clinical outcomes of radiotherapy : A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancer Biology & Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-4047 .- 1555-8576. ; 25:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rectal cancer accounts for the second highest cancer-related mortality, which is predominant in Western civilizations. The treatment for rectal cancers includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy, specifically external beam radiation therapy, is the most common way to treat rectal cancer because radiation not only limits cancer progression but also significantly reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance to rectal cancer cells and toxicity to normal tissues are major drawbacks. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic basis of developing radioresistance during and after radiation therapy would provide crucial insight to improve clinical outcomes of radiation therapy for rectal cancer patients. Studies by various groups have shown that radiotherapy-mediated changes in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. Therapeutic radiation-induced hypoxia and functional alterations in the stromal cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. In addition, signaling pathways, such as - the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the hippo pathway, modulate the radiation responsiveness of cancer cells. Different radiosensitizers, such as small molecules, microRNA, nanomaterials, and natural and chemical sensitizers, are being used to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy. This review highlights the mechanism responsible for developing radioresistance of rectal cancer following radiotherapy and potential strategies to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy for better management of rectal cancer.
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| 2. |
- Banerjee, Antara, et al.
(författare)
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A concise review on miRNAs as regulators of colon cancer stem cells and associated signalling pathways
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Oncology. - : Springer. - 1699-048X .- 1699-3055. ; 25, s. 3345-3356
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite recent therapy advances and a better understanding of colon cancer biology, it remains one of the major causes of death. The cancer stem cells, associated with the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of colon cancer, play a major role in promoting the development of tumour and are found to be chemo resistant. The stroma of the tumour, which makes up the bulk of the tumour mass, is composed of the tumour microenvironment. With the advent of theranostic and the development of personalised medicine, miRNAs are becoming increasingly important in the context of colon malignancies. A holistic understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cancer cells and cancer stem cells will allow us to design effective strategies to regulate miRNAs, which could lead to improved clinical translation and creating a potent colon cancer treatment strategy. In this review paper, we briefly discuss the history of miRNA as well as the mechanisms of miRNA and cancer stem cells that contribute to the tumour growth, apoptosis, and advancement of colon cancer. The usefulness of miRNA in colorectal cancer theranostic is further concisely reviewed. We conclude by holding a stance in addressing the prospects and possibilities for miRNA by the disclosure of recent theranostic approaches aimed at eradicating cancer stem cells and enhancing overall cancer treatment outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Banerjee, Antara, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Foods : A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 15:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.
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| 4. |
- Banerjee, Antara, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030790578 - 9783030790585 ; , s. 177-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer worldwide leading to escalating mortality rates and mainly includes hereditary, sporadic and colitis-associated cancer development. The escalated mortality rates is due to the limited treatment options as this form of cancer is usually not easy to diagnose in its early stages and are highly invasive leading to rapid metastasis of the malignant cells to the neighbouring tissue. In order to combat this limitation several chemotherapeutic regimens are now being combined with targeted therapies after the knowledge acquired on the inevitable effects of the tumor microenvironment on the colon cancer growth and progress. The colon tumor niche mainly consists of a large mass of tumor cells along with various immune cells, inflammatory cells, tumor macrophages and fibroblasts that infiltrate the tumor as it is a site of predominant inflammation. Among cells of the microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibiting ability to evolve into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently generated a major interest in the field. The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment is closely connected to discrete steps of tumorigenesis. The colon cancer cells elicit various factors with their direct interaction with MSCs or via paracrine fashion, which modulate these cells to promote cancer instead of performing their innate function of abating cancer progression. This review intends to highlight the necessity to exploit the cellular landscape of tumor microenvironment of colon cancer and a detailed understanding of the interactions between tumor epithelial cells and their stromal/inflammatory elements will aid in future perspectives for designing therapeutic regimens targeting tumor microenvironment to improve the clinical outcome of colon cancer.
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| 5. |
- Das, Alakesh, et al.
(författare)
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A concise review on the role of natural and synthetically derived peptides involved in colorectal cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1568-0266 .- 1873-4294. ; 22:31, s. 2571-2588
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer being the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths, it has become a significant health concern around the globe. Though there are various counts of cancer treatment approaches, many of them show adverse effects and further compromise the condition of the cancer patients. Hence, significant exertions are conducted for the evolution of a novel biological therapeutic approach with better efficacy and minimal side effects. Current research suggests that the application of peptides in colorectal cancer therapeutics holds the possibility of a emerging anticancer reagent. The primary beneficial factors of peptides are their comparatively rapid and easy process of synthesis and the enormous potential for chemical alterations that can be evaluated for designing novel peptides and enhancing the delivery capacity of peptides. Peptides might be utilized as agents with cytotoxic activities or as a carrier of a specific drug or cytotoxic agents that can efficiently target the tumor cells. Further, peptides can also be used as a tool for diagnostic purposes. The recent analysis aims at developing peptides that have the potential to efficiently target the tumor moieties without harming the nearby normal cells. Additionally, decreasing the adverse effects, and unfolding the other therapeutic properties of potential peptides, are also the subject matter of in-depth analysis. This review provides a concise summary of the function of both natural and synthetically derived peptides in colorectal cancer therapeutics that are recently being evaluated and their potent applications in the clinical field.
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| 6. |
- Dey, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advancements, Limitations, and Future Perspectives of the use of Personalized Medicine in Treatment of Colon Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment. - : Sage Publications. - 1533-0346 .- 1533-0338. ; 22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the heterogeneity of colon cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are ineffective in all cases. The genomic profile and biomarkers associated with the process are considered in personalized medicine, along with the patient's personal history. It is based on the response of the targeted therapies to specific genetic variations. The patient's genetic transcriptomic and epigenetic features are evaluated, and the best therapeutic approach and diagnostic testing are identified through personalized medicine. This review aims to summarize all the necessary, updated information on colon cancer related to personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is gaining prominence as generalized treatments are finding it challenging to contain colon cancer cases which currently rank fourth among global cancer incidence while being the fifth largest in total death cases worldwide. In personalized therapy, patients are grouped into specific categories, and the best therapeutic approach is chosen based on evaluating their molecular features. Various personalized strategies are currently being explored in the treatment of colon cancer involving immunotherapy, phytochemicals, and other biomarker-specific targeted therapies. However, significant challenges must be overcome to integrate personalized medicine into healthcare systems completely. We look at the various signaling pathways and genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with colon cancer to understand and identify biomarkers useful in targeted therapy. The current personalized therapies available in colon cancer treatment and the strategies being explored to improve the existing methods are discussed. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of personalized medicine in colon cancer therapy. The current scenario of personalized medicine in developed countries and the challenges faced in middle- and low-income countries are also summarized. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of personalized medicine in colon cancer and how it could be integrated into the healthcare systems.
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| 7. |
- Evert, Jasmine, et al.
(författare)
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A Study on Effect of Oxaliplatin in MicroRNA Expression in Human Colon Cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer. - Sydney, Australia : Ivyspring International Publisher. - 1837-9664. ; 9:11, s. 2046-2053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed malignancy and also the major cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is the primary therapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Although oxaliplatin has potential effect in colorectal cancer therapy, the molecular mechanisms involved in its cytotoxic effects are not well elucidated. This study outlines the regulatory effects of oxaliplatin on miRNAs expression in colon cancer cells and correlates it with the changing microRNA expression with p53 and p73 expression status in cells. HCT116(p53+/+) and HCT116(p53-/-) cells were exposed to oxaliplatin, and the cellular viability was determined by XTT. p73 was knocked down using siRNA and the tumor cells were then treated with oxaliplatin. The expression profile of 384 miRNAs was determined by TaqMan (R) human miRNA array and calculated by the Delta Delta C-t method. Cellular viability was found to decrease after the treatment with oxaliplatin in a dose-dependent manner. The wild-type p53 cells were found to be more sensitive than the null-p53 derivatives. A selective set of miRNAs were either up-regulated or down-regulated in response to the oxaliplatin treatment with a presumable role of p53 and p73 proteins. The miRNAs expression is known to influence the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of oxaliplatin and these effects have been observed to be regulated by p53 and p73. Our results may therefore provide more evidence for identifying a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of colon cancer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ganesan, Harsha, et al.
(författare)
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Mucinous Colorectal Cancer Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic MicroRNAs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811654213 - 9789811654220 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most leading cause of cancer related death worldwide and has a diverse clinical etiology. Mounting evidences has shown that CRC, in its rare yet lethal form as mucinous adenocarcinoma. Has led to poor prognosis and eventual complexity in the treatment. This subcategory of CRC characteristically secrete mucin hence, they are histologically identified based on the presence of mucin in CRC. In this context, the current article aims to provide a detailed overview and understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing mucinous cancer onset and progression. We elaborate on the role of different pathways and molecular targets including microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosome instability (CIN) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), oncogenes such as KRAS, BRAF, p53 and p21 on mucinous CRC. The mucin genes, specifically MUC1, MUC4 and few other variants of the gel-secreted, transmembrane form of CRC play a vital role in the disease development. This makes the miRNA-mediated mucin regulations an exceptionally obliging aid in mucinous CRC understanding. The miRNAs discussed in context include miR-205, miR-373 and miR-124a to name a few. We further discuss the existing therapeutic strategies used to treat this variant of CRC. These diagnostic tools could help in the rapid identification and treatment of the disease.
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| 10. |
- Ganesan, Harsha, et al.
(författare)
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RNA-Interference-Mediated miR-122-Based Gene Regulation in Colon Cancer, a Structural In Silico Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of microRNA 122 (miR-122) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been widely investigated. In the current study, we aimed to identify the prominent gene and protein interactors of miR122 in CRC. Based on their binding affinity, these targets were chosen as candidate genes for the creation of miR122-mRNA duplexes. Following this, we examined the miRNA-mediated silencing mechanism using the gene-silencing complex protein Argonaute (AGO). Public databases, STRING, and GeneMANIA were utilized to identify major proteins and genes interacting with miR-122. DAVID, PANTHER, UniProt, FunRich, miRwalk, and KEGG were used for functional annotation, pathway enrichment, binding affinity analysis, and expression of genes in different stages of cancer. Three-dimensional duplexes of hub genes and miR-122 were created using the RNA composer, followed by molecular interaction analysis using molecular docking with the AGO protein. We analyzed, classified, and scrutinized 93 miR-122 interactors using various bioinformatic approaches. A total of 14 hub genes were categorized as major interactors of miR-122. The study confirmed the role of various experimentally documented miR-122 interactors such as MTDH (Q86UE4), AKT1 (P31749), PTPN1 (P18031), MYC (P01106), GSK3B (P49841), RHOA (P61586), and PIK3CG (P48736) and put forth several novel interactors, with AKT3 (Q9Y243), NCOR2 (Q9Y618), PIK3R2 (O00459), SMAD4 (P61586), and TGFBR1 (P36897). Double-stranded RNA duplexes of the strongest interactors were found to exhibit higher binding affinity with AGO. In conclusions, the study has explored the role of miR-122 in CRC and has identified a closely related group of genes influencing the prognosis of CRC in multiple ways. Further, these genes prove to be targets of gene silencing through RNA interference and might serve as effective therapeutic targets in understanding and treating CRC.
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