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- Wagnsson, Stefan, 1969-
(författare)
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Föreningsidrott som socialisationsmiljö : En studie av idrottens betydelse för barns och ungdomars psykosociala utveckling
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of this study was to examine organized youth sports in Sweden and the possible influences over time (2 years) on some of the intended socialisation effects in terms of children’s and adolescent’s self-esteem, perceived physical and social competence, self reported pro- and antisocial behaviours, self reported psychosomatic health, and use of alcohol and tobacco. In an attempt to capture some of the complex social interactions in sports, which undoubtedly leads to different socialisation experiences, an additional purpose of this study was to examine possible relations between children and adolescent athletes’ dispositional goal orientations (task and ego), perceived motivational climate in sports, perceived sport-specific competence, perceived prosocial coaching and presumptive psychosocial effect variables. This study’s theoretical framework was primarily based on previous works by Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1992, 1995, 2001), Bronfenbrenner and Morris (1998), Nicholls (1984, 1989) and Patriksson (1995). The design of the study was a three-occasion longitudinal multiple cohort design including elements of retrospective questions. Data was collected from pupils residing in schools situated in Western and Middle parts of Sweden. The sample was based on a randomly stratified sampling procedure and comprised of 1378 pupils in total (10-18 years) distributed in primary school, lower secondary school and upper secondary school. The answering rate was high (T1=85%; T2=80%; T3=80%), but wave non-response made it necessary to impute missing data values. In total 1212 respondents were included in the final analyses. The main results showed that sport socialisation effects on youth’s prosocial development in general were rather small, with some minor exception for perceived physical competence and smoking tobacco. Consequently the results challenge the public notion that participating in organized sport “builds character.” Results related to the specific sport environment, though showed that organized sports have the potential to act as a more positive socialisation arena. It is proposed that creating a mainly task-oriented motivational climate, and helping the individual to foster a balance between task- and ego-oriented goal orientations, will increase the probability that young athletes will perceive higher levels of competence. This will, in turn, enhance the chance that participation in organized sports will have a positive effect on youths’ psychosocial development.
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| 2. |
- Eliasson, Inger Jeanette, 1966-
(författare)
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I skilda idrottsvärldar : barn, ledare och föräldrar i flick- och pojkfotboll
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sporting triangle represents the relationships among children, leaders and parents in the context of child sport. These relations are of significant importance for the child’s experience of sport. Taking the sporting triangle as its point of departure this thesis aims to describe and understand the socialisation processes among children, leaders and parents in girls’ and boys’ football teams, focusing on how the children's perspective is reflected in practice. The study has an ethnographic research approach and is based on field work carried out over two years in one girls’ and one boys’ football team in an ordinary Swedish sports club. Data were generated through 60 participant observations of the daily life of football, and through interviews with 38 children, 7 leaders and 8 parents. It was found that children, leaders and parents have different views concerning what is most valuable in children’s football, which both affects their behaviour and what they expect of each other. One overall conclusion is that children, leaders and parents are in what is referred to as different sports worlds. The sports worlds of the three groups involved in child football are thus based on different logics and this has implications for the social interactions in the teams. The world of children is based in a social logic, particularly in the value of friends. The world of leaders is based in a sporting logic, more specifically in the value of building a high-performance football player. The world of parents is based in an upbringing logic, particularly in the value of what is good for their own child. The social relationships between the children also show how boys and girls relate to a male standard that exists in children's football. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of generation and gender in child football and to the demand that adults take children's specific needs and desires into account more seriously in sport. The thesis also discusses what might constitute a child perspective and how child football can be adjusted to meet the needs and desires of children. In adopting the child’s perspective there is much to be gained from seeing girls and boys as the social actors they are, instead of seeing them as the next generation of adult football players. The thesis also offers a more developed model of the sporting triangle which highlights the importance of interactions between, as well as among, the groups of girls, boys, leaders and parents, as a starting point for further research within the field of child and youth sport.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Bengt, 1953-
(författare)
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Ungdomarna och idrotten : tonåringars idrottande i fyra skilda miljöer
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of the study is to generate increased knowledge about young people’s leisure time sporting habits in a contextual perspective. The intention is to highlight the circumstances in which young people pursue and participate in different activities, with a particular focus on sport in terms of one’s own life circumstances. An essential point of departure of the study is regarding sport as an important pedagogic environment of norms and values.The perspective of the study is mainly cultural-sociological. In the analyses, Pierre Bourdieu’s key concepts habitus and capital have been used as research tools together with gender. The data on which the thesis is based is collected from young people from school year 9 living in four different milieus and comes from three different collections, conducted in 1996, 2002 and 2007. In each data collection about 1200-1500 pupils replied to a questionnaire.Sport occupies a central position in young people’s life on the recreational field. The results show that sport culture can best be understood in the local perspective. Young people’s sporting habit development can be said to be a result of a complex interplay between personal preferences, the home environment, local traditions, what is on offer, living conditions and the prevailing laws of gender and status.For the group of teenagers as a whole the proportion of members, as well as those who pursue personal sports, increases with higher educational capital and higher economic capital. When it comes to organised sport outside the sports club milieu no such connection can be determined.The thesis has shown that sport is not accessible for all and opportunities for participation are curtailed for large groups of young people in our society. This is especially true for sport organised in sport clubs, i.e. sport mainly supported by public funds.
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| 4. |
- Tidén, Anna
(författare)
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Bedömningar av ungas rörelseförmåga : En idrottsvetenskaplig problematisering och validering
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate, discuss and problematise different aspects of movement ability. The four sub-studies of the thesis deal with various issues concerning assessment of movement ability. First, the focus is on how the concept of physical literacy has influenced the steering document of the subject physical education and health (PEH) in Sweden. The question is: What kind of tensions and conflicts arise when different approaches and interpretations of movement ability are used in an educational context? Second, a structural validation is conducted of the NyTid test, an assessment tool developed to assess basic and complex movement skills at the ages of 12-16 years. The question is: Which categories of movement skills are identified through the validation of the NyTid test? Third, the study examines how ‘ability’ is conceptualised, configured and produced in movement tests and movement assessment tools. Finally, an investigation of how or whether an assessed low or high movement ability at the age of 15 matters for developing an interest in, or taste for, sport and physical activities nine years later, in young adulthood.Movement ability is studied from different perspectives, including a multidisciplinary sport science approach using mixed methods. The theoretical standpoint in the sociocultural analyses is inspired by Bourdieu’s theories and concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa, which are used as analytical tools. Different theories relating to the evaluation of movement abilities as product- or process oriented assessment are also made use of.Movement abilities tests and assessment tools are also found to construct a specific and narrow form of physical capital strongly related to traditional sports. Accordingly, the social construction of movement ability through assessment tools is far from neutral and could affect how children see themselves and their sense of ‘ability’. Furthermore, the assumption that an acquired high level of movement ability plays a central role for being physically active is challenged in the thesis. Even though pupils at the age of 15 had a low level of assessed movement ability, it did not prevent them from acquiring a taste for sport and physical activity later in life. However, more studies on movement ability and the underlining mechanisms and factors for engaging in physical activities are necessary.
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| 5. |
- Augustsson, Christian, 1966-
(författare)
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Unga idrottares upplevelser av föräldrapress
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last decades intense debates have taken place, in the mass media, regarding the child-parent relation within sport. Questions have been raised if parent’s involvement can be a source of pressure for children and youth. In Sweden relatively little research have been undertaken to study this problem.Therefore the aim of this thesis is:- to describe and analyse children’s and youth’s experiences of parental involvement within the sport milieu, focusing on parental pressure.The purpose has also led to the following formulated problems:- How do children and youth experience parent’s presence, actions and open reactions toward young athletes in the sport milieu?- What does it mean for young athletes to experience parental pressure?Parents can unintentionally impose pressure on children just by trying too hard to be a good sport parent. Earlier research has proposed that young athletes experience pressure from parents when there is an imbalance between the experienced intensity in the parental involvement and what they desire. Given this background parental pressure was defined as: young athlete’s experiences of feelings of insufficiency in sport, which is emanated from parent’s, both hidden and outspoken, demands and expectations to achieve within the sport milieu”. For this thesis a critical factor in the theoretical framework is young athlete’s subjective experiences of parents, and especially parental pressure, in the public sport milieu.The data collection consisted of both questionnaires and interviews. The respondents (n=601, age 8 to 16) were selected from twelve of the most popular sports for children and youth (football, handball, swimming, equestrian sport, tennis, floor hockey, athletics, golf, ice hockey, gymnastics, figure skating and table tennis. The data from the interviews was collected from a sample of twelve young athletes (age 10 to14).The results showed support for how children in general are happy and satisfied with their parent’s involvement (81%). However it was also found that there was a minority group of 19% that indicated experiences of high parental pressure. In the results there were also tendencies that showed how certain sports (tennis, swimming, golf and equestrian sport) scored higher on the parental pressure scale than others. The respondents who scored low (under the mean) on the self-perception scale showed tendencies to score high on the parental pressure scale (Rho= -.38, p<.01). The factors connected to parental pressure, highlighted in the interviews, were also emphasized in an open-ended question.Stronger guiding principles, reinforced motivation and designed education dealing with these subjects in organised sport are inevitable. Otherwise organised youth sport will never succeed in oppressing the primary sources of children’s experiences of parental pressure.
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