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Sökning: WFRF:(Patwardhan Anand)

  • Resultat 1-3 av 3
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1.
  • Grubler, Arnulf, et al. (författare)
  • Energy Primer
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future. - 9781107005198 ; , s. 99-150
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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2.
  • Grübler, Arnulf, et al. (författare)
  • Policies for the Energy Technology Innovation System (ETIS)
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future. - 9780521182935 ; , s. 1665-1744
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The development and introduction of heat pumps provides an interesting illustration of policy influence and effectiveness in relation to energy technology innovation. Heat pumps have been supported by several countries since the 1970s as a strategy to improve energy efficiency, support energy security, reduce environmental degradation, and combat climate change. Sweden and Switzerland have been essential to the development and commercialization of heat pumps in Europe. In both countries, numerous policy incentives have lined the path of technology and market development. Early policy initiatives were poorly coordinated but supported technology development, entrepreneurial experimentation, knowledge development, and the involvement of important actors in networks and organisations. The market collapse in the mid 1980s could have resulted in a total failure ‐ but did not. The research programmes continued in the 1980s, and a new set of stakeholders formed ‐ both publicly and privately funded researchers, authorities, and institutions ‐ and provided an important platform for further development. In the 1990s and 2000s, Sweden and Switzerland introduced more coordinated and strategic policy incentives for the development of heat pumps. The approaches were flexible and adjusted over time. The policy interventions in both countries supported learning, successful development and diffusion processes, and cost reductions. This assessment of innovation and diffusion policies for heat pump systems can be used to generalise some insights for energy technology innovation policy.
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3.
  • Smith, Joel B., et al. (författare)
  • Development and climate change adaptation funding : coordination and integration
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 11:3, s. 987-1000
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Within a few decades, tens of billions, and possibly over a hundred billion, dollars will be needed for climate change adaptation in developing countries. In recent international climate negotiations, US$100 billion per year by 2020 was pledged by developed countries for mitigation and adaptation. Even if this pledge is realized, it is not clear that it will generate sufficient funds to address the adaptation needs of developing countries. A majority of what has been identified as climate change adaptation needs could be considered as funding for basic development. In addition, a large share of current development assistance is spent on climate-sensitive projects. With the potential for funding of climate change adaptation to fall short of what is needed and for development funding to continue funding many climate-sensitive activities, coordination of the two funding streams may enable more effective support for both sustainable development and climate change adaptation. Preliminary steps to facilitate such coordination are part of the Cancun Agreements and initiatives by other organizations.
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  • Resultat 1-3 av 3

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