| 1. |
- Braconier, Jean Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Combined alpha-interferon and ribavirin treatment in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 27:4, s. 325-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 16 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were treated with a combination of interferon-alpha and ribavirin for 24 weeks in an open study. One patient declined further treatment due to depression after week 16 and did not complete further follow-up. A moderate decline was observed in hemoglobin and an increase in bilirubin level both reversible after discontinuing the treatment. 24 weeks after treatment cessation 9/15 (60%) evaluable patients had complete clearance of HCV-RNA as measured with PCR. HCV genotype did not seem to be correlated with response, but patients with sustained response to treatment had a significantly reduced number of HCV RNA copies/ml serum at treatment start compared with the other patients. These findings support the promising results of this combination therapy noted in other pilot studies.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson Tedgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of high-dose-rate Ir-192 source strength measurements using equipment with traceability to different standards
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brachytherapy. - : Elsevier. - 1538-4721 .- 1873-1449. ; 13:4, s. 420-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:According to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) formalism used for dose calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning systems, the absolute level of absorbed dose is determined through coupling with the measurable quantity air-kerma strength or the numerically equal reference air-kerma rate (RAKR). Traceability to established standards is important for accurate dosimetry in laying the ground for reliable comparisons of results and safety in adoption of new treatment protocols. The purpose of this work was to compare the source strength for a high-dose rate (HDR) (192)Ir source as measured using equipment traceable to different standard laboratories in Europe and the United States.METHODS AND MATERIALS:Source strength was determined for one HDR (192)Ir source using four independent systems, all with traceability to different primary or interim standards in the United States and Europe.RESULTS:The measured HDR (192)Ir source strengths varied by 0.8% and differed on average from the vendor value by 0.3%. Measurements with the well chambers were 0.5% ± 0.1% higher than the vendor-provided source strength. Measurements with the Farmer chamber were 0.7% lower than the average well chamber results and 0.2% lower than the vendor-provided source strength. All of these results were less than the reported source calibration uncertainties (k=2) of each measurement system.CONCLUSIONS:In view of the uncertainties in ion chamber calibration factors, the maximum difference in source strength found in this study is small and confirms the consistency between calibration standards in use for HDR (192)Ir brachytherapy.
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| 3. |
- Höglund, P, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between isoniazid and theophylline
- 1987
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Ingår i: European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. - 0106-4339. ; 70:2, s. 6-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic interactions between theophylline and several other drugs have been described in a number of studies. They may be of importance because of the narrow therapeutic range of theophylline. A significant risk for interactions has been considered to exist only with drugs metabolized by oxidative enzyme systems, and thus is not expected to occur with isoniazid. However, an increased clearance of theophylline with oral isoniazid medication has been reported. On the other hand, we found a significant increase in plasma levels of intravenously infused theophylline, and a corresponding decrease in plasma clearance of theophylline, when isoniazid was administered orally, compared to similar infusions in these individuals without concomitant isoniazid medication. The effect was seen irrespective of acetylator status. In five of the seven subjects an increase of isoniazid half-life and AUC was seen with theophylline, but this increase was not statistically significant.
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| 4. |
- Lanbeck, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotics differ in their tendency to cause infusion phlebitis: a prospective observational study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 34:7, s. 512-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intravenous administration of antibiotics is a known risk factor for infusion phlebitis. We have previously demonstrated differences in cell toxicity for 4 antibiotics. Clinical experience indicates that antibiotics differ in their tendency to cause phlebitis. The present study was done prospectively on 550 patients with 1386 peripheral venous catheters. The incidence of phlebitis was 18.5% with antibiotics and 8.8% without (odds ratio 2.34). Dicloxacillin (odds ratio 5.74) and erythromycin (odds ratio 5.33) had the greatest tendency to cause phlebitis in univariate, multivariate and Cox regression analyses. Benzylpenicillin, cefuroxime and cloxacillin were also associated with a greater risk of phlebitis, whereas ampicillin, imipenem/cilastatin, clindamycin, netilmicin and vancomycin were not. Other risk factors were the site of insertion and age 51-60 y. Medication with warfarin was found to be protective, but not with aspirin. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin reduced the risk of phlebitis, but the difference was not significant. With regard to when antibiotics were given, the day-specific risk increased between Days 1 and 2, but no further on subsequent days. The hypothesis that antibiotics differ in their tendency to cause phlebitis was confirmed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lanbeck, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis among Swedish nurses: a questionnaire study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Infusion Nursing. - 1533-1458. ; 27:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This questionnaire study was set up to assess the perceptions of risk factors for infusion phlebitis among Swedish nurses, as their concepts of these factors may influence the incidence. A majority of the nurses believed that insertion of a peripheral venous catheter in the forearm and catheter rotation within 48 hours was protective. These measures are not supported in recent studies and guidelines. Surveillance of the educational level of staff, who insert peripheral venous catheters, is an important tool for reducing the incidence of infusion phlebitis.
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| 7. |
- Paulsen, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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No interaction between H2 blockers and isoniazid
- 1986
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Ingår i: European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. - 0106-4339. ; 68:4, s. 90-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antacids and anticholinergic drugs may delay gastric emptying and cause reduced absorption of isoniazid, but the influence of reduced gastric acidity has not been determined. In the present investigation, the influence of cimetidine and ranitidine on uptake and elimination of isoniazid was determined in six male and seven female healthy volunteers. The group comprised five rapid and eight slow acetylators, similar to the proportions in the general population. H2 blockers did not delay or reduce uptake of isoniazid, which thus seemed to be pH independent. Neither the acetylation of isoniazid nor the oxidative metabolism of acetylated isoniazid appeared to be affected by cimetidine or ranitidine.
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| 8. |
- Paulsen, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic comparison of two models of endocarditis prophylaxis with amoxycillin
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 21:6, s. 73-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From studies on prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal endocarditis using amoxycillin in a single dose, it has been deduced that serum concentrations above 0.12 mg/l should be maintained for at least 10 h after antibiotic administration. Since concentrations above this level are reported to occur following an oral dose of 3 g of amoxycillin, this doses for prophylaxis has become widely accepted in USA and the UK, and presently also in Sweden. Nevertheless, in individuals who cannot tolerate a high single dose of amoxycillin, there is need for an alternative dosage regimen. In the present study, we have compared the pharmacokinetics in 12 healthy volunteers, of a single dose of 3 g of amoxycillin with those of 1 g as single dose or combined with 1 g of probenecid. The combination resulted in an AUC twice as large as that achieved after 1 g of amoxycillin, and was slightly, but not significantly, larger than that after 3 g. However, amoxycillin concentrations above 0.12 mg/l were sustained for almost 14 h with the combination as compared to 10.4 hours following 3 g of amoxycillin only (p less than 0.001). Thus, the combination should be a convenient alternative in patients unable to tolerate a higher oral dose of amoxycillin, and in situations when an antibacterial effect of longer duration is desired.
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| 9. |
- Paulsen, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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The interaction of erythromycin with theophylline
- 1987
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - 0031-6970. ; 32:5, s. 8-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the interaction of erythromycin with theophylline. We gave ten healthy volunteers theophylline as an intravenous loading dose (5 mg X kg-1) over 1 h, followed by a maintenance infusion (0.5 mg X kg-1 X h-1) for 5 h. A second infusion of theophylline was given after 9 days of treatment with 1 g erythromycin base daily, and the concentrations of theophylline were determined during the infusion periods. The concentrations of erythromycin were measured for 8 h, after one week of treatment, and also after the last erythromycin dose, simultaneously with the second theophylline infusion. Concentrations within the therapeutic range were obtained with both drugs. A significant increase in both AUC and mean plasma concentrations of theophylline was seen during erythromycin treatment. The plasma clearance of theophylline was reduced in 9 of the 10 subjects. Renal clearance increased correspondingly, but the change was not statistically significant. Serum concentrations of erythromycin fell significantly, by more than 30%, with concurrent theophylline medication. We conclude that an interaction between theophylline and erythromycin, affecting both drugs, can be shown with concentrations of the drugs within the therapeutic range.
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| 10. |
- Watne, Leiv Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid is strongly associated with delirium and mortality in hip fracture patients.
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 133:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kynurenine pathway (KP) has been identified as a potential mediator linking acute illness to cognitive dysfunction by generating neuroactive metabolites in response to inflammation. Delirium (acute confusion) is a common complication of acute illness and is associated with increased risk of dementia and mortality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying delirium, particularly in relation to the KP, remain elusive.We undertook a multi-center observational study with 586 hospitalized patients (248 with delirium) and investigated associations between delirium and KP metabolites measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum by targeted metabolomics. We also explored associations between KP metabolites and markers of neuronal damage and one-year mortality.In delirium, we found concentrations of the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid in CSF (CSF-QA, OR 2.26 [1.78, 2.87], p<0.001) to be increased, as well as increases in several other KP metabolites in serum and CSF. In addition, CSF-QA was associated with the neuronal damage marker neurofilament light chain (NfL, β 0.43, p<0.001) and was a strong predictor of one-year mortality (HR 4.35 [2.93, 6.45] for CSF-QA ≥ 100 nmol/L, p<0.001). The associations between CSF-QA and delirium, neuronal damage, and mortality remained highly significant following adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons.Our data identified how systemic inflammation, neurotoxicity, and delirium are strongly linked via the KP, and should inform future delirium prevention and treatment clinical trials that target enzymes of the KP.Norwegian Health Association and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authorities.
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