| 1. |
- Urassa, Jenesta Aikaeli Elisa, 1974-
(författare)
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Changing Customary Land Tenure Regimes in Tanzania : The case of women's land rights in matrilineal and patrilineal communities
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Customary land tenure is a dominant system in agrarian societies and in Africa generally,which is evolving from communal to individual regimes in response to socio-economicissues. Various studies have paid attention to economic incentives of shifting communaltenure into private property, while ignoring social implication of such changes. In Tanzania,while progress has been made to strengthen property rights through legislation, somecommunity members, particularly women, have lost their land rights. The objectives of thisstudy are to examine the changing customary land tenure regimes from communal toprivate, with a focus on the existing policies and laws protecting property rights, changesin social relations that determine customary land tenure in matrilineal and patrilinealcommunities. A cross-sectional study was carried out, whereby documentary reviewinterviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data.The study’s findings indicated that cultural mix has influenced land transfer practices,whereby social relations in matrilineal and patrilineal communities and women'sattachment to land have been affected. Intermarriage contributes to the loss of propertyrights in the case of divorce or death of a husband, particularly in a matrilineal society. Lowlevels of education and income constrain women from competing in the land market. Jointtitles allow women to be involved in making decisions about land use in households, andto claim property rights if they are widows. On the other hand, there is a perception that ajoint title does not ensure a positive outcome for some women, due to continuing subtleviolation of women’s land rights.The study revealed that although land laws exist, the main challenge was knowing abouttheir applicability. Land disputes persisted among those using the land, mainly as a resultof the violation of land rights. Although dispute resolution machinery allowing people topresent their land-related claims were in place, the resolutions reached largely depended onthe parties’ knowledge of the existence of the adjudication of land cases. The studyrecommends a review of policies and programmes, collaboration with non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), women’s empowerment and a programme aimed at changingcommunity attitudes.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Auzins, Armands, et al.
(författare)
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Land Resource Management Policy in Selected European Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11:12, s. 2280-2280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land use, land resource demands, and landscape management practices are linked to many of the environmental, climatic, and socio-economic challenges faced by contemporary society. The study focuses on a comparative analysis of the experience of the land resource management (LRM); thus, the study aims respond to how the land-related resources are managed, what policy instruments support it, and what improvements would promote the sustainable management of these resources. Exploring LRM policies in selected countries, the experience of three Baltic countries and two other countries under the jurisdiction of continental Europe was analyzed, and their comparison was made based on qualitative research methodology. Based on the study’s results, the most important comparative characteristics of LRM policies are discussed. The findings of the study in selected countries provide recommendations for improving the institutional framework related to LRM. However, the outcome encourages a transfer of the research experience to other jurisdictions.
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| 6. |
- Bergsten, Lisa, 1990-
(författare)
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Housing tenures in Sweden; from rental to ownership and intermediate tenures
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The importance of housing tenures for a well-functioning housing market is repeatedly emphasized. Such suggestions include the need for balance between tenures, various tenures, mixed tenures in neighborhoods, et cetera. The development of new types of housing tenures has also been noticed as a tool or vehicle to make the housing market accessible to more people, either through creating more affordable housing or supporting homeownership. Since these tenures often combine attributes from both ownership and rental - and place somewhere in between rental and ownership on a continuum, they are often described as intermediate housing tenures. Intermediate tenures and concepts have been developed in Sweden as more people encounter difficulties accessing the housing market.As these new tenures and schemes develop, so does the need to increase the understanding of them, for example, in terms of the legal framework, rights, obligations, as well as risk exposure. This thesis examines the content of various tenures (established and new ones) and explores how and why intermediate tenures and concepts have been developed. This thesis includes two appended papers. The first paper is a comparative case study examining the design and content of the primary tenures in four Nordic countries. The second paper is a case study of four intermediate concepts in Sweden. As methods for data collection, document and literature studies were used for both papers, and paper 2 was supplemented with expert interviews with representatives from the concept developers.The findings imply significant similarities between the tenures in the four Nordic countries based on their design and content. Based on the literature, some attributes for overall tenures, such as ownership and rental, can be pointed out (although major differences still exist between tenure forms). In summary, attributes associated with ownership include far-reaching rights and responsibilities as well as risk-taking. In comparison, these rights are much more restricted for rentals, which do not include risk- taking. This also corresponds with the findings, showing that tenures within ownership have the most far- reaching rights, particularly regarding the right to transfer or let out the housing unit and the value therefrom. Furthermore, the rights are most restricted for rentals, while the tenures between ownership and rental also have bundles of rights in between. The studied intermediate tenures and concepts in Sweden were described to have evolved from the difficulties many faces in accessing the housing market (or the poor housing conditions that prevailed when they were created), like intermediate tenures in countries worldwide. Most of the studied concepts are new and, thus, still in the establishment phase. However, the developers see potential to scale up the concepts. Challenges identified in order to establish and scale up such concepts are to reach out with information to various actors and to achieve a certain degree of recognition, getting access to buildable land, and financial issues. The financial issues both concern the financial ability to initiate this type of project and to consider the current members' interest while scaling up the concepts.This thesis has contributed to the literature on intermediate housing tenures by providing examples of four cases of intermediate tenures from a Swedish context. This contribution can provide insights into the development of such tenures and concepts as well as some of the challenges the developers have met. These insights can also be a valuable practical contribution for actors, such as municipalities, policymakers, housing developers, and so forth, to understand some of the difficulties developers of new concepts meet.
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| 7. |
- Brokking, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbarhet, regelverk och roller från detaljplan till bygglov
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att främja en omställning mot hållbar stadsutveckling har de flesta kommuner formulerat mål för att minska miljöpåverkan, säkerställa en hållbar hushållning med naturresurser och främja social hållbarhet inom kommunen. Det har resulterat i att hållbarhetsfrågor får en allt mer framträdande plats även i detaljplaner. I dagens planeringspraktik förekommer det dock att flera av de ambitioner och åtgärder som diskuterades i planprocessen inte genomförs och att projektet därmed inte bidrar i samma utsträckning till hållbar stadsutveckling som planerat. Det finns flera möjliga förklaringar till detta som bl.a. kan kopplas till regelverket samt till hur arbetet med plan- och bygglovsdokument organiseras inom kommunen och de olika roller och kompetenser som finns inom organisationen. Det övergripande syftet med forskningsprojektet har varit att undersöka möjligheter och hinder i planerings- och markexploateringsprocessen från detaljplan till bygglov för att främja hållbar stadsutveckling, där vi bland annat har studerat hantering och implementering av sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga hållbarhetsambitioner i processen, kontinuiteten mellan de olika skedena och hur kompetensbehovet tillgodoses. För att undersöka detta har vi använt en kombination av metoder föratt samla in information och analysera dagens praxis, såsom litteraturstudier med koppling till regelverket och dokumentstudier av t.ex. planbeskrivningar och kvalitetsprogram, samt fallstudier av några aktuella detaljplaner i fyra kommuner med uttalade hållbarhetsambitioner, inklusive intervjuer med representanter från de aktörer som är involverade i projekten. Fallstudierna visar att kommuner på olika sätt arbetar med att stärka hållbarhetsfrågor i planeringen av nya stadsutvecklingsprojekt. Resultaten visar att kommunerna har tagit upp hållbarhet i olika policydokument, även om det finns skillnader i vilka hållbarhetsfrågor som tas upp och i vilken detaljeringsgrad de behandlas. Dessa policydokument är kommunernas agenda för hållbar stads-utveckling, där en del frågor hanteras i detaljplanen, medan andra frågor hanteras i markanvisnings-tävlingar och -avtal där byggaktörer åtar sig att genomföra åtgärder utifrån kommunernas tävlings-kriterier. Gemensamma seminarier eller byggherredialoger främjar innovation och kompetens-utveckling. Processen visar ett intimt samband mellan målsättning, detaljplanering och förhandlingar mellan kommunen och byggaktörerna. Det är dock viktigt att skapa en löpande dialog om genomförandet av hållbarhetsfrågor eftersom projekten ändras och nya personer kommer in som behöver informeras om tidigare diskussioner. När det gäller kompetensbehovet kan vi konstatera att det upplevts som positivt med arbets- och styrgrupper med blandade yrken och utbildningsbakgrund, liksom kontinuitet och en fortsatt process mellan olika skeden. Vi har även noterat att det finns en bredd av olika diskussions- och mötesformer representerade i de undersökta kommunerna, såsom dialog via workshoppar, seminarieserier, tävling och byggherredialog. Kommunerna försöker inkludera många aktörer redan från början av processen när de äger marken för att skapa ett kollektivt lärande. Studien visar på vikten av kommunalt markägande, vilket gör det möjligt för kommuner att ställa krav genom markanvisning. En aktiv markpolitik kan således vara en bra strategi för kommuner med begränsat markägande, liksom en proaktiv kommunal agenda för hållbar stadsutveckling som ger en grund för kravställning i kommande projekt. Slutligen bidrar en tidig dialog mellan kommuner och byggbolag till en diskussion om möjliga innovationer inom hållbar stadsutveckling och engagemang bland partner. Våra studier har visat att hållbarhetsambitioner spelar en viktig roll i detaljplanering i Sverige och hanteras i gränssnittet mellan kommuner och byggaktörer i seminarier, tävlingar och dialoger samt formaliseras i detaljplaner och genomförandeavtal. För att bredda kunskapen bör framtida forskning fokusera på hur hållbarhetshänsyn kan stärkas ytterligare i detaljplanering.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Çağdaş, Volkan, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the property boundary – A review of selected civil law jurisdictions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 124, s. 106445-106445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boundary of real property is the fundamental element for securing rights attached to land. Countries, even with a long-standing cadastral tradition, often face the challenge of interpreting the course of a parcel boundary on the ground based on the available evidence, as data quality is very heterogeneous. Various cadastral principles and procedures have been developed for the determination of parcel boundaries in the field, which may also be associated with resolving boundary disputes. This article documents and compares the principles and procedures applied in the determination of property boundaries in selected civil law countries based on a novel conceptual model developed for that purpose. The notion of ‘boundary determination’ used in this article refers to demarcating and surveying land parcel boundaries during the initial cadastral survey and cadastral update procedures. The selected countries include Denmark and Sweden, which apply Nordic civil law; Slovenia and Turkey, which apply German civil law; and Spain, which applies Napoleonic civil law. The demarcation principles and processes applied in the different cadastral systems, the parties involved, and the evidence taken into consideration in these processes are described and compared. The main aim is to contribute to the documentation of the reasoning applied to the property boundary determination in the selected civil law countries.
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| 10. |
- Candel, Melissa, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Public Value in Public Land Development through Co-Creation : The role of municipalities in sustainable districts
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Municipalities in Sweden use public land development in sustainability-profiled districts to engage public and private actors in sustainable innovation to create public value. This points to a wider scope of potential and current utility for public land development than previously theorised. The aim of this paper is to investigate municipalities’ use of public land development in sustainability-profiled districts from a public value co-creation perspective, and provide suggestions for enhancing public value. Findings are based on a multiple case study of five sustainability-profiled districts located in different municipalities in Sweden. We illustrate how municipalities co-design public value creation objectives with different public and private actors, which are then translated into criteria for choosing developers to allocate land to and project-specific requirements for housing development. When co-designing public value creation objectives and subsequent requirements, the main role of the municipality is to form arenas where relevant actors can collaboratively find creative solutions to emerging problems, such as value conflicts. Findings align with previous research on public value co-creation in other contexts, demonstrating an appropriate application of the theory and potential for further theoretical development across research fields.
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