| 1. |
- Abdulraheem, Salem, et al.
(författare)
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Do fixed orthodontic appliances cause halitosis? A systematic review
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6831. ; 19:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II) the influence of different orthodontic bracket systems on halitosis. Material and methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched prior to March 15, 2018. The review was systematically conducted and reported according to the Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA statement. Only Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) were considered. Selected full-text papers were independently assessed by four investigators and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The Cochrane Handbook was used to grade the risk of bias and the quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE. Results: Out of 363 identified studies, three RCTs on halitosis and fixed orthodontic appliances met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the three studies was rated as high and the quality of evidence was rated as very low. Conclusions/clinical implications: There is a lack of scientific evidence that subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances develop halitosis during treatment. Additional well-conducted RCTs with extended periods of assessment are needed as well as consensus concerning cut-off values for the diagnosis of halitosis.
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| 2. |
- Al-Okshi, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Measurability and reliability of assessments of root length and marginal bone level in cone beam CT and intraoral radiography : a study of adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 48:5, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate measurability and reliability of measurements of root length and marginal bone level in CBCT, periapical (PA) and bitewing (BW) radiographs. Methods: CBCT of both jaws, PA of maxillary incisors and posterior BW radiographs of 10 adolescents (mean age 13.4) were selected. The radiographs comprised part of the baseline examinations of a trial of orthodontic treatment. Six raters assessed measurability and measured root length and marginal bone level. Three raters repeated their assessments. Measurability was expressed as frequency of interpretable sites and reliability as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Measurability was 100 % in CBCT and 95 % in PA of maxillary incisors for root length measurements. For marginal bone level, measurability was 100 % in CBCT, 76 % in PA and 86 % in posterior BW. Mean ICC for interrater reliability for root length measurements in CBCT was 0.88 (range 0.27-0.96 among different teeth) and 0.69 in PA of maxillary incisors. For marginal bone level measurements, mean ICC was 0.4 in CBCT, 0.38 in PA of maxillary incisors and 0.4 in posterior BW. Intrarater reliability varied among methods, root length or marginal bone level and among raters, except for root length measurements in CBCT, which presented high reliability (above 0.8) for all raters. Conclusions: As measurability and reliability were high for root length measurements in CBCT, this may be the method of choice for scientific analyses in orthodontics. For clinical praxis, we recommend PA following the "as low as diagnostically acceptable" principle, as clinical decisions seem to be influenced only when severe root resorption occurs.
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| 3. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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An updated systematic review regarding early Class II malocclusion correction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4438. ; 8:3, s. 89-94
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Class II malocclusion is one of the most common malocclusions in young children and a great deal of research on this topic has been undertaken. Despite this, there are still knowledge gaps on whether it is effective to treat these malocclusions early or what type of treatment should be performed. The aim of this article was to systematically review and update the quality of evidence for various treatment modalities considering Class II malocclusion correction before 10 years of age and with a focus on improvement of dental and skeletal relationships, soft tissue profile, relation to temporomandibular disorder (TMD), incidence on dental trauma, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life. Material and methods: Four databases were searched, from January 1960 to April 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized or controlled trials reporting short- or long-term effects on dental or basal relationships, soft tissue profile, associations to TMD, quality of life, incidence of trauma, or costs. The quality of evidence was scored according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. Results: A total of 300 publications were identified and 23 satisfied the inclusion criteria for full evaluation. The quality of evidence was high in 5 trials, moderate in 3, and low in 15. Conclusions: From the short- term perspective, there is a high level of evidence that early treatment reduces overjet and improves the anterior-posterior skeletal relationship. There is insufficient evidence about whether early treatment can reduce the incidence of trauma, is cost-effective, provides improved soft tissue profile, improves oral healtherelated quality of life, or possesses a risk of developing TMD. (C) 2019 World Federation of Orthodontists.
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| 4. |
- Brogårdh-Roth, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Do preterm-born adolescents have a poorer oral health-related quality of life?
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6831. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To evaluate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) over a period of five years using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in a population of Swedish adolescents born preterm and full term.METHODS: In a longitudinal study of adolescents aged 12-14 and 17-19, changes over time in OHRQoL were measured by using OHIP-14. The OHIP-14 score, self-reported chronic illness, temporomandibular disorder (TMD pain) and subjective orthodontic treatment need were compared between 98 extremely and very preterm born (< 32 gestational week) and 93 full-term controls (≥ 37 gestational week) at two ages. The chi-square test was used for comparisons within the extremely-, very-, and full-term control groups, and to contrast the differences of mean scores of OHIP-14, the ANOVA test was used for comparisons within the study groups of extremely preterm, very preterm and full term-born adolescents.RESULTS: All adolescents reported a good self-perceived OHRQoL. No significant differences in the comparisons of the total mean scores were revealed between the groups, between gender or in domain-specific scores over the 5-year period. Very preterm adolescents with reported chronic illness at 12-14 years of age showed significantly higher mean scores of OHIP-14 compared with those without chronic illness (p = 0.015). At age 17-19, significantly higher mean scores of OHIP-14 were reported by very preterm adolescents with TMD pain compared to those without TMD pain (p = 0.024). Significantly higher mean scores of OHIP-14 were found among the extremely preterm (p = 0.011) and very preterm born adolescents (p = 0.031) with a subjective need of orthodontic treatment compared with those without orthodontic treatment need.CONCLUSIONS: Poor OHRQoL measured with OHIP-14 in very preterm adolescents aged 12-14 was related to chronic illness and aged 17-19 to TMD pain. In addition, extremely and very preterm-born adolescents with subjective orthodontic treatment need at 17-19 years of age also reported poor OHRQoL. To improve the dentist-patient relationship and achieve more successful treatment results, it is important for dental clinicians to understand the impact that chronic illness, TMD pain and orthodontic treatment need has on OHRQoL in preterm-born adolescents.
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| 5. |
- Brogårdh-Roth, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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För tidigt född : hur påverkar det oral hälsa?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1902-3545 .- 2058-7538. ; 44:1, s. 198-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allt fler för tidigt födda barn överlever tack vare en alltmer utvecklad och framgångsrik intensivvård. Tandvården möter därmed en ny grupp barn som är födda 3 till 4 månader för tidigt. För tidig födsel kan ge hälsoproblem, kognitiva och motoriska svårigheter. Det finns idag kunskap om konsekvenser under småbarnsåren och uppväxtperioden men betydligt mindre kunskap om vad som händer i vuxen ålder. Hittills har studier i tandvården visat att för tidigt födda barn klarar sig väl men framförallt de mycket och extremt för tidigt födda barnen kan behöva uppmärksammas. Dels kan det förekomma problem av psykologisk art och dels avvikelser i tandutveckling såsom mindre tandstorlek, förseningar i tandmognad och ökad förekomst av emaljstörningar. De för tidigt födda barnen kan även ha fler bettavvikelser och ökat behov av tandreglering. Därför behöver tandvården ge dessa barn och ungdomar särskilt omhändertagande för att gruppen ska kunna försäkra sig om en god oral hälsa.
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| 6. |
- de Oliveira Cortines, Andrea Araujo, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental defects of enamel in the deciduous incisors of infants born preterm : prospective cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 25:2, s. 543-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in preterm infants still require clarification and may favour dental caries, lower food intake, and greater difficulty with weight-height gain. We evaluated factors associated with DDE in preterm infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we monitored 54 prematurely born infants from birth to 24 months of age. Trained and calibrated dentists examined the oral cavity of these children to identify and categorize DDE. Information on perinatal variables was collected from the infants' medical records and interviews with their mothers. The data were analysed using Student's t test, a chi-squared test, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 46.3% of the 54 children presented DDE, which was observed more frequently in the left hemiarch in children born extremely (<28 weeks of gestation) or very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) (RR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.6), with very low birth weight (<1500 g) (RR=2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.5), who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR=1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.7), and who were intubated (RR=1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.2). CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of incisor enamel defects, particularly on the left side, was related to higher risk prematurity and to local trauma from intubation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Ebrahim, Eman, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of premature birth on the permanent tooth size of incisors and first molars
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 39:6, s. 622-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Scientific evidence is insufficient to answer the question of whether premature birth causes altered tooth-crown dimensions. Objective: To evaluate permanent tooth-crown dimensions in prematurely born children and to compare the findings with full-term born controls. Subjects and Methods: Preterm children of 8-10 years of age were selected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. One group consisted of 36 extremely preterm children (born before the 29th gestational week); the other group included 37 very preterm children (born during gestational weeks 29-32). The preterm children were compared with 41 matched full-term born children. Clinical examination and study casts were performed on all children. Permanent maxillary and mandibular first molars, central incisors, and laterals were measured with a digital sliding caliper on study casts. The tooth-crowns were measured both mesio-distal and bucco-lingual. Results: Both the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual measurements in the maxillary and mandibular first molars had a significantly smaller width in the extremely preterm group compared with the full-term group. The central incisors and lower laterals were significantly smaller mesio-distally in the extremely preterm group compared to the full-term group. A reduction in tooth size of 4-9% was found between the extremely preterm group and the full-term group for both boys and girls. The maxillary first molars and mandibular left first molar were also smaller mesio-distally in the extremely preterm group compared to the very preterm group. The results indicate that the more preterm the birth, the smaller the tooth-crown dimensions. Independent of gestational age girls had generally smaller teeth than boys. Conclusion: Premature birth is associated with reduced tooth-crown dimensions of permanent incisors and first molars.
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| 8. |
- Germa, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal factors associated with alteration of palatal morphology in very preterm children : The EPIPAGE cohort study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 88:6, s. 413-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Altered palatal morphology has been observed among some preterm children, with possible consequences on chewing, speaking and esthetics, but determinants remain unknown. Aim: To explore the role of neonatal characteristics and neuromotor dysfunction in alteration of palatal morphology at 5 years of age in very preterm children. Study design: Prospective population-based cohort study. Subjects: 1711 children born between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation in 1997 or born between 22 and 26 weeks of gestation in 1998 were included in the study. They all had a medical examination at 5 years of age. Outcome measures: Alteration of palatal morphology. Results: The prevalence of altered palatal morphology was 3.7% in the overall sample, 5.1% among boys and 2.2% among girls (adj OR: 2.52; 95%CI: 1.44–4.42). The risk for altered palatal morphology was higher for lower gestational age (adj OR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74–0.97 per week), small-for-gestational age children (adj OR: 2.11; 95%CI: 1.20–3.72) or children intubated for more than 28 days (adj OR: 3.16; 95%CI: 1.11–8.98). Altered palatal morphology was more common in case of cerebral palsy or moderate neuromotor dysfunction assessed at 5 years. Results were basically the same when neuromotor dysfunction was taken into account, except for intubation. Conclusion: Male sex, low gestational age, small-for-gestational age and long intubation have been identified as probable neonatal risk factors for alteration of palatal morphology at 5 years of age in very preterm children. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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A tool for assessment of risk of bias in studies of adverse effects of orthodontic treatment applied in a systematic review on external root resorption
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 43:4, s. 457-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered to provide reliable estimates, but flaws in designs, methods of monitoring effects, and outcomes have the potential to bias results. There are several tools for assessing risk of bias (RoB), most of them designed for SRs of beneficial effects. To our knowledge, there is no tool that is adapted specifically to assess RoB in studies of adverse effects associated with orthodontic treatment. To address this, the aim of this study was first to introduce a tool for assessment of RoB in studies of adverse effects associated with orthodontic treatment and, second, to apply it in an SR of external root resorption (ERR) associated with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The approach with domains supported by signalling questions was used for the tool. Domains and signalling questions were tailored to the review questions of the SR of studies of ERR after orthodontic treatment using periapical radiography or cone beam computed tomography. Duplicate study selection, data extraction, and RoB assessment using the tool, followed by meta-analyses, were performed.RESULTS: Using the tool for the assessment of RoB identified shortcomings and report deficiencies of primary studies concerning the presentation of orthodontic treatment, identification of ERR, and analysis of outcomes. RoB assessment resulted in 12 of 32 studies read in full text being included. Reported severe ERR varied across studies between 2 and 14 per cent for all incisors and 10 and 29 per cent for maxillary incisors. Results of ERR related to patients' age and sex, orthodontic diagnosis, and treatment were contradictory. Quality of evidence evaluated by GRADE was low due to study limitations, imprecision, and inconsistency of study results.CONCLUSIONS: As the tool and its application highlight important issues to consider when planning, conducting, and reporting research, the tool may have a valuable role for quality enhancement of future studies of outcomes of orthodontic treatment. The tool may also serve for authors when planning SRs. Our SR identified a need for studies that use rigorous methodology and transparent reporting.REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (ID = CRD42018084725).
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported pain during different phases of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance : A multi-centre randomized controlled trial in adolescents with crowding
- 2024
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Ingår i: Orthodontics & craniofacial research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1601-6335 .- 1601-6343.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported pain levels across various treatment phases using passive self-ligating (Damon) and conventional (Victory) standardized fixed appliance systems.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adolescents (12-17 years old) with crowding and displaced teeth, planned for non-extraction treatment, were recruited from four orthodontic clinics. They were randomized into stratified blocks (1:1 ratio) using concealed allocation to receive Damon Q™ (34 boys, 28 girls) or Victory™ (39 boys, 31 girls). Pain and analgesic intake were assessed on seven different occasions with validated self-report questionnaires using a 10-grade scale.RESULTS: Of the 132 patients included, six were lost to follow up. Clinically relevant mean pain scores (≥4) were registered in both groups after bonding upper and lower arches and after insertion of 0.019 × 0.025 stainless steel archwire. The highest mean scores were reported on day two after bonding the upper arch (Damon 5.96, Victory 7.18, P = .011). In both groups, at least 40% reported taking analgesics during various treatment phases. The Damon group reported a lower intake of analgesics on days one and two (P = .042 and .037) after treatment initiation. In the entire sample, boys reported significantly higher mean pain scores than girls on the second and third days after bonding (P = .008 and .026, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Lower pain levels were reported from the Damon group after bonding. In general, boys reported higher pain than girls did. Clinicians and adolescents need to be aware that clinically relevant pain levels can be expected not only after bonding but also in later phases.
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