| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Budnik, Lygia Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment : DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 13:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kolarević, Stoimir, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Serbia less than 13% of collected municipal wastewaters is being treated before their release in the environment. This includes all municipal wastewater discharges from Belgrade (capital city of Serbia; population 1,700,000). Previous research has identified the impacts of raw wastewater discharges from Belgrade on the Danube River, and this study investigated if such discharges also provided a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 RNA material. Samples were collected during the most critical circumstances that occurred so far within the COVID-19 pandemics in Serbia. Grab and composite samples were collected in December 2020, during the peak of the third wave (in terms of reported cases) at the site which receives the wastewater loads in Belgrade. Grab samples collected upstream and downstream of Belgrade were also analyzed. RNA was quantified using RT-qPCR with primer sets targeting nucleocapsid (N1 and N2) and envelope (E) protein genes. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (5.97 × 103 to 1.32 × 104 copies/L) was detected only in samples collected at the site strongly impacted by the wastewaters where all three applied primer sets gave positive signals. Determined concentrations correspond to those reported in wastewater influents sampled at treatment plants in other countries indicating an epidemiological indicator function of used approach for rivers with high pollution loads in countries with poor wastewater treatment.
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| 5. |
- Krings, M, et al.
(författare)
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A view of Neandertal genetic diversity
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 26:2, s. 144-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mamas, Mamas A., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting target lesion failure following percutaneous coronary intervention through machine learning risk assessment models
- 2023
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Ingår i: The European Heart Journal - Digital Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2634-3916. ; 4:6, s. 433-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Central to the practice of precision medicine in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a risk-stratification tool to predict outcomes following the procedure. This study is intended to assess machine learning (ML)-based risk models to predict clinically relevant outcomes in PCI and to support individualized clinical decision-making in this setting.METHODS AND RESULTS: Five different ML models [gradient boosting classifier (GBC), linear discrimination analysis, Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbours algorithm) for the prediction of 1-year target lesion failure (TLF) were trained on an extensive data set of 35 389 patients undergoing PCI and enrolled in the global, all-comers e-ULTIMASTER registry. The data set was split into a training (80%) and a test set (20%). Twenty-three patient and procedural characteristics were used as predictive variables. The models were compared for discrimination according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and for calibration. The GBC model showed the best discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69-0.75) for 1-year TLF on the test set. The discriminative ability of the GBC model for the components of TLF was highest for cardiac death with an AUC of 0.82, followed by target vessel myocardial infarction with an AUC of 0.75 and clinically driven target lesion revascularization with an AUC of 0.68. The calibration was fair until the highest risk deciles showed an underestimation of the risk. CONCLUSION: Machine learning-derived predictive models provide a reasonably accurate prediction of 1-year TLF in patients undergoing PCI. A prospective evaluation of the predictive score is warranted.REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrial.gov identifier is NCT02188355.
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| 8. |
- Mucci, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity and landscape genetic structure of otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Europe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 11:2, s. 583-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eurasian otter populations strongly declined and partially disappeared due to global and local causes (habitat destruction, water pollution, human persecution) in parts of their continental range. Conservation strategies, based on reintroduction projects or restoration of dispersal corridors, should rely on sound knowledge of the historical or recent consequences of population genetic structuring. Here we present the results of a survey performed on 616 samples, collected from 19 European countries, genotyped at the mtDNA control-region and 11 autosomal microsatellites. The mtDNA variability was low (nucleotide diversity = 0.0014; average number of pairwise differences = 2.25), suggesting that extant otter mtDNA lineages originated recently. A star-shaped mtDNA network did not allow outlining any phylogeographic inference. Microsatellites were only moderately variable (H (o) = 0.50; H (e) = 0.58, on average across populations), the average allele number was low (observed A (o) = 4.9, range 2.5-6.8; effective A (e) = 2.8; range 1.6-3.7), suggesting small historical effective population size. Extant otters likely originated from the expansion of a single refugial population. Bayesian clustering and landscape genetic analyses however indicate that local populations are genetically differentiated, perhaps as consequence of post-glacial demographic fluctuations and recent isolation. These results delineate a framework that should be used for implementing conservation programs in Europe, particularly if they are based on the reintroduction of wild or captive-reproduced otters.
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| 9. |
- Paunović, Nenad, 1965-
(författare)
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Cognitive-behavioral treatment and theory in posttraumatic stress disorder
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present dissertation contains four empirical studies. The first two investigated the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral (CBT) treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by randomizing patients to two different groups. The last two are experimental studies that tested parts of the cognitive theory of PTSD. The first study examined the preventive efficacy of a CBT intervention in crime victims with acute PTSD. The second study investigated whether CBT is a more effective treatment than exposure therapy (E) for chronic PTSD in refugees. The third study tested whether acute PTSD in crime victims is characterized by attentional and memory biases for threat-related material by using a combined emotional Stroop, implicit memory and explicit memory task. The fourth study investigated whether acute PTSD in crime victims is characterized by a recognition bias for emotional faces in a face recognition task.The results from the first study showed that CBT can be an effective preventive treatment for crime victims with acute PTSD and that a chronic course of this disorder can be hindered. A group that received CBT improved significantly more than a wait-list control group on a broad range of measures including PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, quality of life and social adaptation. The second study found no differences between CBT and E in the treatment of chronic PTSD in refugees. However, both treatments led to significant improvements on a broad range of measures including PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, quality of life and cognitive schemas. The results from the third study showed that acute PTSD in crime victims is characterized by an attentional and memory bias for threat-related material. A supraliminal Stroop interference and an explicit memory bias were found for trauma words, but no preattentive and implicit memory bias. Methodological limitations of the study preclude definitive conclusions of the results. The fourth study found a recognition bias for faces rated as hostile during an encoding task by crime victims with acute PTSD.In conclusion, the present thesis found that CBT interventions can be effective treatments for acute and chronic PTSD, that CBT is equally effective as E, and that acute PTSD is characterized by a conscious attentional bias towards threat-related material and a memory bias for both verbal and facial threat-related stimuli.
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| 10. |
- Paunovic, N, et al.
(författare)
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Memory bias for faces that are perceived as hostile by crime victims with acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2316 .- 1650-6073. ; 32:4, s. 203-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study tested, and found support for, the hypotheses that crime victims with acute post-traumatic stress disorder have: (1) a general memory impairment for faces; and (ii) a memory bias for faces that they perceive as hostile, even when these faces are not arranged to show any hostile face expressions. It is suggested that crime victims with acute post-traumatic stress disorder perform worse on recognition memory due to impaired concentration, and that they allocate their limited attentional resources to the detection of hostility in others in order to avoid being victimized again. This produces a memory bias for perceived hostility even in relatively innocuous everyday interactions with others, which contributes to maintaining the sense of serious current threat that characterizes post-traumatic stress disorder.
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