| 1. |
- George, Leena, et al.
(författare)
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Blood eosinophil count and airway epithelial transcriptome relationships in COPD versus asthma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : WILEY. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 75:2, s. 370-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whether the clinical or pathophysiologic significance of the "treatable trait" high blood eosinophil count in COPD is the same as for asthma remains controversial. We sought to determine the relationship between the blood eosinophil count, clinical characteristics and gene expression from bronchial brushings in COPD and asthma.Methods: Subjects were recruited into a COPD (emphysema versus airway disease [EvA]) or asthma cohort (Unbiased BIOmarkers in PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes, U-BIOPRED). We determined gene expression using RNAseq in EvA (n = 283) and Affymetrix microarrays in U-BIOPRED (n = 85). We ran linear regression analysis of the bronchial brushings transcriptional signal versus blood eosinophil counts as well as differential expression using a blood eosinophil > 200 cells/mu L as a cut-off. The false discovery rate was controlled at 1% (with continuous values) and 5% (with dichotomized values).Results: There were no differences in age, gender, lung function, exercise capacity and quantitative computed tomography between eosinophilic versus noneosinophilic COPD cases. Total serum IgE was increased in eosinophilic asthma and COPD. In EvA, there were 12 genes with a statistically significant positive association with the linear blood eosinophil count, whereas in U-BIOPRED, 1197 genes showed significant associations (266 positive and 931 negative). The transcriptome showed little overlap between genes and pathways associated with blood eosinophil counts in asthma versus COPD. Only CST1 was common to eosinophilic asthma and COPD and was replicated in independent cohorts.Conclusion: Despite shared "treatable traits" between asthma and COPD, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical entities are predominately different.
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| 2. |
- Hansen, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Exclusion from Social Relations in Later Life : Micro- and Macro-Level Patterns and Correlations in a European Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults face particular risks of exclusion from social relationships (ESR) and are especially vulnerable to its consequences. However, research so far has been limited to specific dimensions, countries, and time points. In this paper, we examine the prevalence and micro- and macro-level predictors of ESR among older adults (60+) using two waves of data obtained four years apart across 14 European countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We consider four ESR indicators (household composition, social networks, social opportunities, and loneliness) and link them to micro-level (age, gender, socioeconomic factors, health, and family responsibilities) and national macro-level factors (social expenditures, unmet health needs, individualism, social trust, and institutional trust). Findings reveal a northwest to southeast gradient, with the lowest rates of ESR in the stronger welfare states of Northwest Europe. The high rates of ESR in the southeast are especially pronounced among women. Predictably, higher age and fewer personal resources (socioeconomic factors and health) increase the risk of all ESR dimensions for both genders. Macro-level factors show significant associations with ESR beyond the effect of micro-level factors, suggesting that national policies and cultural and structural characteristics may play a role in fostering sociability and connectivity and, thus, reduce the risk of ESR in later life.
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| 3. |
- Koptekin, Dilek, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Cell Press. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 33:1, s. 41-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ntoumanis, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE) : a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 55:4, s. 213-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Coach-centred antidoping education is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a motivationally informed antidoping intervention for coaches, with their athletes’ willingness to dope as the primary outcome.Methods We delivered a cluster randomised controlled trial in Australia, the UK and Greece. This study was a parallel group, two-condition, superiority trial. Participants were 130 coaches and 919 athletes. Coaches in the intervention group attended two workshops and received supplementary information to support them in adopting a motivationally supportive communication style when discussing doping-related issues with their athletes. Coaches in the control condition attended a standard antidoping workshop that provided up-to-date information on antidoping issues yet excluded any motivation-related content. Assessments of willingness to dope (primary outcome) and other secondary outcomes were taken at baseline, postintervention (3 months) and at a 2-month follow up.Results Compared with athletes in the control group, athletes in the intervention group reported greater reductions in willingness to take prohibited substances (effect size g=0.17) and psychological need frustration (g=0.23) at postintervention, and greater increases in antidoping knowledge (g=0.27) at follow-up. Coaches in the intervention group reported at postintervention greater increases in efficacy to create an antidoping culture (g=0.40) and in perceived effectiveness of need supporting behaviours (g=0.45) to deal with doping-related situations. They also reported greater decreases in doping attitudes (g=0.24) and perceived effectiveness of need thwarting behaviours (g=0.35).Conclusions Antidoping education programmes should consider incorporating principles of motivation, as these could be beneficial to coaches and their athletes. We offer suggestions to strengthen these programmes, as most of the effects we observed were not sustained at follow-up.
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| 6. |
- Pavlidis, George, et al.
(författare)
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A survey on the training needs of caregivers in five European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : WILEY. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 28, s. 385-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This survey explored caregivers perceived training needs in 5 European countries (United Kingdom, Greece, Bulgaria, Poland and Italy). Background Training can enhance the professional capacity of caregivers; however, caregivers training needs within Europe have not been examined recently. Methods A survey conducted in 2015 captured data from 550 caregivers using a convenience sampling strategy, through a structured questionnaire and additional open-ended items and by conducting statistical and content analysis. Results The results indicated basic nursing skills and specialization, as well as training in psychology-related skills like time management, emotion regulation, communication and advanced health care systems as the emerging training needs. There were some country differences in specific training need areas. Conclusions It was concluded that training in basic nursing skills and specialization in nursing specific conditions, in advanced health care systems and in psychology-related skills could add to the professional capacity of European caregivers employed in health and social care. Implications for nursing management The findings inform about employed caregivers training needs in Europe, which may contribute in the provision of quality care and organisational efficiency in health and social care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pavlidis, George, et al.
(författare)
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Exclusion from social relations, gender, and quality of lifeamong older Europeans : the modifying effect of networkand solitude satisfaction
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exclusion from social relations (ESR) in older age is characterized by shortcomings in social relations and is likely to have broad and important negative consequences for quality of life (QoL). Many studies have emphasized the importance of the social network’s structure (e.g., social network size) and function for QoL in older age, yet their conjoint association with network satisfaction has been underexamined. Recent evidence suggests that older persons’ wellbeing may be affected by how satisfied they are with their social network, whereas dissatisfaction when facing ESR may be stratified by gender. This cross-sectional study set out to examine the modifying role of network satisfaction in the associations of ESR and QoL among 72,433 respondents in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The results indicate that, for older persons, having a social network, suboptimal network satisfaction and smaller network sizes are related to QoL. Those without social relations who are satisfied with a lack of relations are not in a disadvantaged position in terms of QoL compared to those who have a social network. Older “network-less” persons with suboptimal satisfaction levels due to a lack of relations are in the most disadvantaged position in terms of QoL. Men seem to be overrepresented among the “network-less” and at greater risk of having a low QoL. It was concluded that for both older men and older women, low QoL is more prevalent among those who have smaller or no social networks and suboptimal satisfaction levels, but not among those who are content with being “network-less”.
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| 9. |
- Pavlidis, George, Assistant professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Exclusion from social relations in later life : on the gendered associations of social networks with mental wellbeing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge; Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 27:7, s. 1313-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study addresses the gendered risks of loneliness and depression in later life from a social exclusion perspective. Exclusion from social relations (ESR) in older age is an unwanted situation associated with increased loneliness and depressive symptoms, with gender differences in the perception of solitude, and the evaluation of existing social networks, potentially accounting for the increased susceptibility of older women. Method: Secondary analyses was conducted in a sample of 60,918 participants in the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Older persons subjective perception of solitude (i.e. solitude satisfaction), and their satisfaction with established relations (i.e. network satisfaction), were examined in gender-stratified regression models, predicting loneliness and depressive symptomatology, controlling for network size, demographics, and health. Results: There was no convincing evidence for significant associations between solitude satisfaction (SoS) and loneliness among older men, nor between network satisfaction (NeS) and loneliness for both genders. Low SoS and low NeS were independently associated with more depressive symptoms and an increased probability of depression, especially among older women. This vulnerability could not be attributed to increased loneliness, as only among older women, low SoS was associated with lower levels of loneliness, and lower levels of loneliness was anaemically associated with more depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The perception of solitude, and the evaluation of social relations, are associated with gendered risks of depression among older persons who are challenged by objective and subjective ESR states.
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| 10. |
- Pavlidis, George, Assistant professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered Pathways and Outcomes of Exclusion from Social Relations in Older Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 6:Supplement_1, s. 118-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exclusion from social relations (ESR) in older age is associated with worse quality of life and adverse mental health outcomes. Recent evidence suggest that the perception of solitude and the evaluation of existing social networks modify the disadvantages of ESR among excluded older persons. This presentation takes a gender perspective on the topic, bringing together the quantitative evidence of the GenPath project. The results of the project suggest that over and above loneliness and objective ESR indicators, the perception of solitude and the evaluation of existing social relations modify the gendered risks of depression in older age. The findings also reveal a northwest to southeast gradient in objective ESR states, with the rates in southeast Europe to be pronounced among older women. It is concluded that objective and subjective factors at the micro and macro levels may shape gendered disadvantages among older persons who are challenged by ESR states.
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