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- Gustafsson, Jon Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling metal binding to soils : The role of natural organic matter
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 37:12, s. 2767-2774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of mechanistically based models to simulate the solution concentrations of heavy metals in soils is complicated by the presence of different sorbents that may bind metals. In this study, the binding of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd by 14 different Swedish soil samples was investigated. For 10 of the soils, it was found that the Stockholm Humic Model (SHM) was able to describe the acid-base characteristics, when using the concentrations of active humic substances and Al as fitting parameters. Two additional soils could be modeled when ion exchange to clay was also considered, using a component additivity approach. For dissolved Zn, Cd, Ca, and Mg reasonable model fits were produced when the metal-humic complexation parameters were identical for the 12 soils modeled. However, poor fits were obtained for Pb and Cu in Aquept B horizons. In two of the soil suspensions, the Lund A and Romfartuna Bhs, the calculated speciation agreed well with results obtained by using cation-exchange membranes. The results suggest that organic matter is an important sorbent for metals in many surface horizons of soils in temperate and boreal climates, and the necessity of properly accounting for the competition from Al in simulations of dissolved metal concentrations is stressed.
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| 2. |
- Vrabelova, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Protein microarray analysis as a tool for monitoring cellular autoreactivity in type 1 diabetes patients and their relatives
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 8:5, s. 252-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autoreactive T cells have a crucial role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis.: Objectives: The aim of our study was to monitor the in vitro production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after stimulation with diabetogenic autoantigens. Subjects: Ten T1D patients (tested at the time of diagnosis and 6 and 12 months later), 10 first-degree relatives of the T1D patients, and 10 controls underwent the study. Methods: PBMCs were stimulated with glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) amino acids (a.a.) 247-279, 509-528, and 524-543, proinsulin a.a. 9-23, and tyrosine phosphatase (islet antigen-2)/R2 a.a. 853-872. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor β, transforming growth factor β1, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) were analyzed by protein microarray. Results: Differences in cytokine(s) poststimulatory and mainly in basal production were observed in all groups. The most prominent findings were in controls, the higher basal levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and GCSF were observed when compared with relatives (p < 0.05, for all). After stimulation in controls, there was a significant decrease in IL-2, IL-13, GCSF, and IFN-γ (p < 0.05, for all). The group of relatives was the most variable in poststimulatory production. A strong correlation between cytokines production was found but groups differed in this aspect. Conclusion: By multiplex analysis, it may be possible, for example, to define the risk immunological response pattern among relatives or to monitor the immune response in patients on immune modulation therapy. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard.
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