| 1. |
- Breivold, Hongyu Pei, et al.
(författare)
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Architecting for the cloud : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 17th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, CSE 2014, Jointly with 13th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications, IUCC 2014, 13th International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks, I-SPAN 2014 and 8th International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, FCST 2014. - 9781479979813 ; , s. 312-318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud Computing has emerged as a new paradigm in the field of network-based services within many industrial and application domains. The major benefits that it provides in terms of IT efficiency and business agility represent a huge competitive advantage for an organization. However, building new services in the cloud or designing cloud-based solutions into existing business context in general is a complex decision process involving many factors. In this paper, we undertake a systematic review to obtain an overview of the existing studies in designing cloud-based solutions. In particular, we investigate the main challenges and concerns when building cloud-based architectures and different architectural approaches and design considerations that are proposed in literatures to meet these specific concerns. The search strategy identified 72 studies that were catalogued as primary studies for this review after using multi-step selection process. The main challenges and concerns are classified into four main categories: security and trustworthiness, elasticity, portability and interoperability, and cloud resilience. We have also categorized studies that describe architectural approaches and design considerations when architecting for the cloud. Implications for research and practice are presented as well.
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| 2. |
- Breivold, Hongyu Pei, et al.
(författare)
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Software architecture evolution through evolvability analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 85:11, s. 2574-2592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software evolvability is a multifaceted quality attribute that describes a software system's ability to easily accommodate future changes. It is a fundamental characteristic for the efficient implementation of strategic decisions, and the increasing economic value of software. For long life systems, there is a need to address evolvability explicitly during the entire software lifecycle in order to prolong the productive lifetime of software systems. However, designing and evolving software architectures are the challenging task. To improve the ability to understand and systematically analyze the evolution of software system architectures, in this paper, we describe software architecture evolution characterization, and propose an architecture evolvability analysis process that provides replicable techniques for performing activities to aim at understanding and supporting software architecture evolution. The activities are embedded in: (i) the application of a software evolvability model; (ii) a structured qualitative method for analyzing evolvability at the architectural level; and (iii) a quantitative evolvability analysis method with explicit and quantitative treatment of stakeholders' evolvability concerns and the impact of potential architectural solutions on evolvability. The qualitative and quantitative assessments manifested in the evolvability analysis process have been applied in two large-scale industrial software systems at ABB and Ericsson, with experiences and reflections described. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Crnkovic, Ivica, et al.
(författare)
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Tutorial: Emerging Technologies in Industrial Context - Component-Based and Service-Oriented Software Engineering
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years new paradigms of software development have emerged in many industrial and application domains: component-based and service-based software engineering.Component-based software engineering (CBSE) provides support for building systems through the composition and assembly of software components. CBSE is an established approach in many engineering domains, such as distributed and web based systems, desktop and graphical applications and recently in embedded systems domains. CBSE technologies facilitate effective management of complexity, significantly increase reusability and shorten time-to-market. On the other hand, the growing demands for Internet computing and emerging network-based business applications and systems are the driving forces for the evolvement of service-oriented software engineering (SOSE) . SOSE utilizes services as fundamental elements for developing applications and software solutions. SOSE technologies offer great feasibility in integrating distributed systems that are built on various platforms and technologies and further push focus on reusability and development efficiency.CBSE and SOSE are similar paradigms; they use similar approaches and technologies. Both CBSE and SOSE have a common source: Software Architecture with its basic concept that have been further developed and specialized. SOSE has evolved from CBSE frameworks and object oriented computing to face the challenges of open environments. Still CBSE and SOSE have continued developing in parallel, keeping different foci, which also has resulted in confusion in developing and applying similar concepts, or the same concepts designated differently. For example there is a general misunderstanding in what a component and a service are. This leads to less efficient utilization and combination of these approaches. For this reason, it is important to bring these worlds together and make researchers and practitioners aware of both sides; how can we take advantages of the strengths of these two paradigms, how can we adapt and integrate the component-based and service oriented technologies, concepts and their strengths to overcome the weaknesses in each separate technology.The aim of this tutorial is to show an integrated approach in utilization of CBSE and SOSE. The tutorial will start with providing an overview of software architecture with emphasis on architecture modeling and analysis, including CBSE and SOSE techniques from software architecture perspective. Subsequently, the tutorial will present analyses of the two techniques from multiple perspectives, such as their correlation from software architecture perspective, quality attribute analysis in respective technique, advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques, the possible directions in the adaptation of the two techniques and an indication on how to combine the strengths of both techniques. During the tutorial, some industrial context examples will be presented to illustrate CBSE and SOSE approaches and their integration.
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| 4. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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A flexible communication stack design for improved software development on industrial testbeds and simulators
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to facilitate deterministic behavior; industrial real-time communication stacks need another design than non-real-time communication stacks typically found in e.g., Internet of Things and Cloud solutions. We propose a flexible stack design that enable code reuse between testbeds and simulators, as well as how stack layers are driven and prioritized. The design can be generalized and used for non-real-time bare-metal solutions like battery powered Internet of Things. Our approach aims at extending the use of simulation during development of industrial systems in order to find logical errors and wrong assumptions earlier in the development. Conducted and evaluated experiments show that the proposed solutions are able to extend the use of simulation during development of real-time communication software. This is achieved by reusing the same code on an industrial testbed and in a discrete event simulator. In addition, the experiments show that the stack design is generalizable and enable reuse with other non-real-time embedded systems. The contribution consists of a set of building blocks for real-time systems that enable control over the system timing when executing on a simulation host while reusing the source code from an industrial testbed. Overall, this will improve the engineering situation, with respect to code reuse, flexibility and debugging. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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A Flexible Task Design for Industrial Embedded Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781728154145 ; , s. 2143-2148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The run-time context in industrial embedded systems varies from bare-metal microcontrollers, to multicore-processors running real-time operating systems. Due to the longevity of industrial systems, reusability and evolvability are often considered crucial quality attributes. This paper presents a new flexible task design that enables tasks to be agnostic to run-time context. Evaluations of the design were made by conducting experiments using a proof of concept implementation of the proposed design. The experiments were based on typical industrial constructs, such as periodic tasks, and event signaling from interrupts. Findings from the experiments show that tasks can be more agnostic to run-time context and still deliver functionality normally used within industry. The results indicate that it is feasible to improve reusability and evolvability between different run-time contexts, and in addition, support hybrid configurations that can reduce resource usage, since e.g. a thread can be easily shared among several tasks.
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| 6. |
- Goldschmidt, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Scalability and Robustness of Time-Series Databases for Cloud-Native Monitoring of Industrial Processes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2014 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Cloud Computing CLOUD 2014. - Alaska, United States. ; , s. 602-609
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s industrial control systems store large amounts of monitored sensor data in order to optimize industrial processes. In the last decades, architects have designed such systems mainly under the assumption that they operate in closed, plant-side IT infrastructures without horizontal scalability. Cloud technologies could be used in this context to save local IT costs and enable higher scalability, but their maturity for industrial applications with high requirements for responsiveness and robustness is not yet well understood. We propose a conceptual architecture as a basis to designing cloud-native monitoring systems. As a first step we benchmarked three open source timeseries databases (OpenTSDB, KairosDB and Databus) on cloud infrastructures with up to 36 nodes with workloads from realistic industrial applications. We found that at least KairosDB fulfills our initial hypotheses concerning scalability and reliability.
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| 7. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Delay Mitigation in Offloaded Cloud Controllers in Industrial IoT
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 5, s. 4418-4430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the interplay of cloud computing, fog computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) in control applications targeting the automation industry. In this context, a prototype is developed to explore the use of IoT devices that communicate with a cloud-based controller, i.e., the controller is offloaded to cloud or fog. Several experiments are performed to investigate the consequences of having a cloud server between the end device and the controller. The experiments are performed while considering arbitrary jitter and delays, i.e., they can be smaller than, equal to, or greater than the sampling period. This paper also applies mitigation mechanisms to deal with the delays and jitter that are caused by the networks when the controller is offloaded to the fog or cloud.
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| 8. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Ensuring Quality of Service through Modeling of Service-level Agreements in Industrial IoT
- 2016
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Ingår i: 12th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop SNCNW 2016. - Sundsvall, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are computing technologies that provide services to consumers and businesses, allowing organizations to become more agile and flexible. Therefore, ensuring the quality of service through service-level agreements for such cloud-based services is crucial for both the service providers and service consumers. Within the context of industrial IoT applications, modeling of the service-level agreements has not received much attention in the existing literature. In this paper, we discuss ongoing work on modeling of service-level agreements to ensure quality of service in industrial IoT applications. The modeling approach aims to consider the agreements between an end device and the cloud; between a service provider and a service user; and among cloud services. The approach also aims to model the service-level agreements when a company assumes a double role, being the provider as well as the user of the services. We aim to provide a proof of concept by developing a prototype in an industrial setup. Using the prototype, we plan to show usability of the approach.
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| 9. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Service Level Agreements for Cloud Services in IoT : A Systematic Mapping Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - United States : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 6, s. 30184-30207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are computing technologies that provide services to consumers and businesses, allowing organizations to become more agile and flexible. Therefore, ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) through Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for such cloud-based services is crucial for both the service providers and service consumers. As SLAs are critical for cloud deployments and wider adoption of cloud services, the management of SLAs in cloud and IoT has thus become an important and essential aspect. This paper investigates the existing research on the management of SLAs in IoT applications that are based on cloud services. For this purpose, a Systematic Mapping study (a well-defined method) is conducted to identify the published research results that are relevant to SLAs. The paper identifies 328 primary studies and categorizes them into seven main technical classifications: SLA management, SLA definition, SLA modeling, SLA negotiation, SLA monitoring, SLA violation and trustworthiness, and SLA evolution. The paper also summarizes the research types, research contributions, and demographic information in these studies. The evaluation of the results show that most of the approaches for managing SLAs are applied in academic or controlled experiments with limited industrial settings rather than in real industrial environments. Many studies focus on proposal models and methods to manage SLAs, and there is a lack of focus on the evolution perspective and a lack of adequate tool support to facilitate practitioners in their SLA management activities. Moreover, the scarce number of studies focusing on concrete metrics for qualitative or quantitative assessment of QoS in SLAs urges the need for in-depth research on metrics definition and measurements for SLAs.
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| 10. |
- Nikolaidis, Pavlos, et al.
(författare)
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Applying Mitigation Mechanisms for Cloud-based Controllers in Industrial IoT Applications
- 2015
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Ingår i: Internet-of-Things Symposium IoT Symposium'15.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are two notable concepts that have evolved significantly over the past few years. In the automation industry, clouds are often used for monitoring vast amounts of data generated on the shop floor. Whereas, IoT is used to simplify the end devices and their connections to the rest of the system. In this paper we investigate the interplay of these two concepts and their use in the control applications in the automation industry. We develop a prototype in the industrial setup to explore the use of IoT devices that communicate with a cloud-based controller. Using the prototype, we perform a number of experiments to investigate the consequences of having a cloud server between the end device and the controller. Within this context we consider arbitrary jitter and delays, i.e., they can be smaller, equal or greater than the sampling periods. Moreover, we apply mitigation mechanisms to deal with the delays and jitter that are caused by the local and wide area networks (LAN and WAN).
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