| 1. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Paper strength as an adhesion problem
- 2005
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Ingår i: Appita Annu. Conf.. ; , s. 51-58
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wet and dry adhesion between polymer coated silica surfaces was measured with a view to understanding the influence of polymer additives on the wet and dry strength in paper. The wet adhesion measurements were performed with the AFM colloidal probe technique whereas the dry measurements were made using the new micro adhesion measurement apparatus (MAMA). As expected, cationic dextran (DEX) increased dry adhesion more than the hydrophobically modified cationic dextran (HDEX). Surprisingly HDEX gave strong wet adhesion most probably due to hydrophobic association.
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| 3. |
- Pelton, R., et al.
(författare)
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The role of surface polymer compability in the formation of fiber/fiber bonds in paper
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 15:5, s. 400-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tensile strength of unbeaten kraft pulp handsheets was measured as a function of the compatibility of polymers adsorbed on the fibers. Two types of fibers were prepared, one was treated with slightly cationic dextran and the second was treated with slightly hydrophobic cationic dextran. The dextrans were chosen because both are paper strength enhancing polymers and yet they are incompatible with each other. Either dextran alone significantly enhanced paper strength whereas sheets made with mixtures were weaker. The results are interpreted in terms of the polymer compatibility. When a fiber/fiber bond forms between two surfaces bearing incompatible adsorbed polymers, the polymers will not interdiffuse during sheet consolidation thus giving a relatively weak interfiber bond.
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| 4. |
- Pelton, R., et al.
(författare)
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The role of surface polymer compatibility in the formation of fiber/fiber bonds in paper
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 15:5, s. 400-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tensile strength of unbeaten kraft pulp handsheets was measured as a function of the compatibility of polymers adsorbed on the fibers. Two types of fibers were prepared, one was treated with slightly cationic dextran and the second was treated with slightly hydrophobic cationic dextran. The dextrans were chosen because both are paper strength enhancing polymers and yet they are incompatible with each other. Either dextran alone significantly enhanced paper strength whereas sheets made with mixtures were weaker. The results are interpreted in terms of the polymer compatibility. When a fiber/fiber bond forms between two surfaces bearing incompatible adsorbed polymers, the polymers will not interdiffuse during sheet consolidation thus giving a relatively weak interfiber bond.
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| 5. |
- Pettigrew, Melinda M, et al.
(författare)
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Panel 6 : Vaccines
- 2017
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Ingår i: Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. - : Wiley. - 0194-5998 .- 1097-6817. ; 156:4_suppl, s. 76-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To review the literature on progress regarding (1) effectiveness of vaccines for prevention of otitis media (OM) and (2) development of vaccine antigens for OM bacterial and viral pathogens. Data Sources: PubMed database of the National Library of Science. Review Methods: We performed literature searches in PubMed for OM pathogens and candidate vaccine antigens, and we restricted the searches to articles in English that were published between July 2011 and June 2015. Panel members reviewed literature in their area of expertise. Conclusions: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are somewhat effective for the prevention of pneumococcal OM, recurrent OM, OM visits, and tympanostomy tube insertions. Widespread use of PCVs has been associated with shifts in pneumococcal serotypes and bacterial pathogens associated with OM, diminishing PCV effectiveness against AOM. The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine containing Haemophilus influenzae protein D (PHiD-CV) is effective for pneumococcal OM, but results from studies describing the potential impact on OM due to H influenzae have been inconsistent. Progress in vaccine development for H influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and OM-associated respiratory viruses has been limited. Additional research is needed to extend vaccine protection to additional pneumococcal serotypes and other otopathogens. There are likely to be licensure challenges for protein-based vaccines, and data on correlates of protection for OM vaccine antigens are urgently needed. Implications for Practice: OM continues to be a significant health care burden globally. Prevention is preferable to treatment, and vaccine development remains an important goal. As a polymicrobial disease, OM poses significant but not insurmountable challenges for vaccine development.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, J., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of molecular weight on the performance of paper strength-enhancing polymers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Pulp and Paper Science (JPPS). - 0826-6220. ; 27:5, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of dextran molecular weight (77 000 to 2 000 000) on the strength of fibre-fibre bonds was investigated. A series of cationic dextrans with different molecular weights, from 77 000 to 2 000 000, was prepared and the adsorption behaviour on fibre was characterized. The maximum amount of adsorbed dextran increased with decreasing molecular weight, while the adsorbed layer thickness on colloidal silica increased with increasing molecular weight. At saturation coverage, the molecular weight of dextran did nor affect the tensile strength of handsheets made from unbeaten bleached kraft pulp. The strength improvement with polymer addition did not correspond to increased optical bonded area (opacity). The external surface of fibre accessible to dextran of molecular weight 2 000 000 was estimated as 35 m(2)/g.
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