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- Alexius, Susanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling to challenge an informal field order : Professional associations as standard-setters
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decades, the consulting industry has undergone major changes. The industry has grown rapidly, attracted many new players and the content of the service has expanded to include different types of services. In this changing field, actors such as professional associations, consultants and clients have sought to find ways of defining the boundaries and professional identities of consultants. In this paper, we explore the strategies used by professional associations to balance the demands of professionalization with the informal and elusive characteristics of the consulting field. Drawing on an extensive longitudinal field-study of seven self professional associations we describe and analyze obstacles faced and strategies applied when attempting to challenge this informal field order by way of standardization. The results indicate that the informal field order in the consulting industry is so strong that attempts of introducing more formal orders such as standards become a high-risk project for the professional associations, as it may cause them to lose legitimacy and members. As a consequence, the attempts of professionalization are adjusted to fit the norms in the informal field order rather than the other way around.
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| 5. |
- Börjeson, Love, et al.
(författare)
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The role of chief executive tenure for public organizations' hiring of management consultants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Governance. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1468-0491 .- 0952-1895. ; 33:2, s. 269-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public organizations increasingly rely on management consultants to access expertise, impose reforms, and drive organizational change, and spend large sums each year on their services. Despite this, we know little about the antecedents of public organizations' use of management consulting services. Drawing on upper echelon theory, a longitudinal hypothesis-testing study of the hiring of management consultants in 72 Swedish public organizations, and interviews with Swedish chief executives (CEs), we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between CE tenure and public organizations' use of management consulting services. We also find that this relationship is moderated by CEs' previous experience and managerial discretion. These findings contribute to theorizing on the use of management consulting services and the influence of CEs in public organizations.
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Dealing with institutional complexity: the case of quality evaluation in public procurement of professional services
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building on a longitudinal document study and institutional logics theory, this paper seeks to further the understanding for how institutional complexity unfolds over time. As empirical example the public procurement of management consulting services is used. The management consulting industry is described as following a professional logic; emphasizing intangible and subjective qualities such as trust, social skills and creativity, and viewing relational purchasing approaches as legitimate. The public procurement legislation, however, follows the market logic, emphasizing objective and measurable qualities and transactional purchasing approaches. The public contracting agents are thus facing a situation characterized by intense institutional complexity and incompatible demands. By exploring how they discursively construct and evaluate quality in their requests for proposals, the current study identifies a development in how the contracting agents deal with the dilemma; from complying with the market logic norms in the legislation, to incorporating more elements from the professional logic. The findings indicate that the normative power in the professional logic trumps the coercive and legislative power of the market logic.
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| 7. |
- Dubois, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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“Get nothing wrong”: perspectives on the functions and fallibilities of professionals and algorithmic technologies in law and justice
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we explore questions about the definition and constitution of expertise and experts as algorithmic technologies impact professional work. It is the aim of this paper to analyse the effects the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on professions, focusing on law and justice. We draw on Eyal’s (2019: 26) typology of different conceptions of expertise, and analyses that disaggregate expert work at the level of tasks (Sampson, 2020), to identify “what experts do”. This allows us to examine differing degrees and forms of expertise in different facets of expert work (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 2005). Part of a professional logic is to “get nothing wrong”, yet the use of algorithmic technologies introduces new sources of imperfection, as well as revealing existing (human) ones. Based on the introduction of cases in law using algorithmic technologies, we propose a framework for understanding the different 2 ways algorithmic technologies do and do not reconstitute the different roles and practices of professional experts. By questioning the nature of expertise, we seek to understand the effects of algorithmic technologies on the professions in a way that transcends binary positions that proclaim either the death of the professions (e.g., Susskind and Susskind, 2015) or continuity and failed revolution (Sutton et al., 2016). By decomposing the work of experts and identifying when algorithmic technologies have or have not changed roles and practices, we develop an understanding of both the opportunities and limitations of change and the implications for current and future conceptions of experts, expertise and professions. This advances debates about augmentation and the way professional work is enabled by algorithmic technologies (Raisch and Krakowski, 2021) by revealing both the practices augmented and the implications for those practices and others that are connected to them. Our approach also allows a wider understanding of the functions and fallibilities of algorithmic technologies in the professions, and how they are contributing to the evolution of the role of experts in society. This in turn opens up questions about regulation, ethics and trust, which can be addressed through the more nuanced understanding, provided by our analysis, of the interactions between algorithmic technologies and human experts. In this sense, this paper makes the following contributions: (1) We investigate the use of AI in law and discuss concrete examples, (2) we apply Eyal’s framework to certain cases of law and justice, and (3) we reflect on the role of AI with regards to functions and fallibilities of professionals in the legal sector. The paper is organized as follows. After the introduction, we introduce the conceptual framework referring to the state-of-the-art of AI and professions, law and justice as professions and the Eyal’s framework. Then, we present the methods applied, and point to illustrative case examples. In the discussion section, we summarise the findings, discuss the contributions and the study’s limitations. Finally, this paper ends with perspectives for future research.
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| 8. |
- Essén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Well, what do you know? Exploring physicians' embedded framings of management consultants and their expertise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Professions and Organization. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F - Oxford Open Option D. - 2051-8803 .- 2051-8811. ; 5:3, s. 262-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Members of traditional occupations with strong professional ideals, such as lawyers, auditors, and physicians, are increasingly exposed to situations in which they need to interact with members of newer occupations, like management consultants, HRM-specialists, and tech companies providing legal and medical services. Despite the increased salience of such inter-occupational interactions, the question of how occupations are enacted and remade in individual members’ ‘relating’ to people outside of their group is largely underdeveloped in the literature. To address this gap, we explore how physicians, as members of a traditional occupation with strong professional ideals, perceive management consultants, and their expertise. Drawing on a framing lens and data from the Polish healthcare sector, we show how individuals variably enact their occupation when framing ‘the other’ in inter-occupational relationships. More specifically, we show that individuals’ framing of management consultants involve framing of the context (the enacted relationship between professional and managerial ideals), of the organization (as bureaucratic and hierarchical, or non-bureaucratic and inclusive), and of the self (as having a unipod or polypod self-image). Together these nested framings shape occupational members’ perceptions of and receptivity to the expertise of ‘the other’. Our conceptualization opens up avenues for future studies of how occupations are enacted as members ‘relate’ to other occupational groups, and suggests that framing is a fruitful lens to unpack such acts of relating.
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