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- Oevreboe, Tom Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health problems in elite sport : the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with 'at-risk scores' on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between 'at-risk scores' and diagnosed mental disorders.Methods: A two-phase, cross-sectional design was used. In phase 1, 378 elite athletes completed a questionnaire, including validated self-report psychiatric instruments assessing symptoms of mental disorders. In phase 2, we assessed the 30-day presence of the same disorders through diagnostic interviews with the athletes with 'at-risk scores' using the fifth version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results: Two hundred and eighty athletes (74.1%) had an 'at-risk score,' and 106 of these athletes (37.9%) completed diagnostic interviews. Forty-seven athletes (44.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Sleep problems (24.5%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders (18.9%), mainly represented by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), were most common. Anxiety disorders (6.6%), eating disorders (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (≤4.7%) were less frequent. Affective disorders, gambling and drug use disorder were not present. Results from self-report questionnaires did not, in most cases, adequately mirror the number of mental disorders identified using diagnostic interviews.Conclusions: Using self-report questionnaires to map mental distress among elite athletes can be beneficial. If the aim, however, is to investigate mental disorders, one should move beyond self-report questionnaires and use diagnostic interviews and diagnostic instruments. In our study, sleep problems and BDD were the most prevalent. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these findings further. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 3. |
- Mountjoy, Margo, et al.
(författare)
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2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs)
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 57:17, s. 1073-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by female and male athletes exposed to low energy availability (LEA; inadequate energy intake in relation to exercise energy expenditure). Since the 2018 REDs consensus, there have been >170 original research publications advancing the field of REDs science, including emerging data demonstrating the growing role of low carbohydrate availability, further evidence of the interplay between mental health and REDs and more data elucidating the impact of LEA in males. Our knowledge of REDs signs and symptoms has resulted in updated Health and Performance Conceptual Models and the development of a novel Physiological Model. This Physiological Model is designed to demonstrate the complexity of either problematic or adaptable LEA exposure, coupled with individual moderating factors, leading to changes in health and performance outcomes. Guidelines for safe and effective body composition assessment to help prevent REDs are also outlined. A new REDs Clinical Assessment Tool-Version 2 is introduced to facilitate the detection and clinical diagnosis of REDs based on accumulated severity and risk stratification, with associated training and competition recommendations. Prevention and treatment principles of REDs are presented to encourage best practices for sports organisations and clinicians. Finally, methodological best practices for REDs research are outlined to stimulate future high-quality research to address important knowledge gaps.
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- Nilsen, Dag André, et al.
(författare)
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Part I of a two-step mixed-methods approach in developing the Growth Talent Mindsets for Sports Coaches Intervention : The design and targeting of the intervention
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 1041-3200 .- 1533-1571.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this two-part study was to develop an intervention targeting sports coaches’ mindsets about their talent as a coach (coach talent mindset, C-TM) and their athletes’ talent (athlete talent mindset, A-TM), called the GrowTMindS Intervention. In this Part I, the intervention was developed drawing on a user-centered design approach and implemented in a coach education program in Norway. The study involved 31 coaches (5 women, 26 men) from 22 to 69 years of age, representing the sports of bandy, golf, ski sports, swimming, and volleyball. Using a mixed-methods approach, the quantitative results showed that the coaches increased their A-TM from pretest to post-test, while their C-TM, which was high at baseline, remained more challenging to target. The qualitative findings helped us understand how most coaches, through reflective processes, perceived the delivery of the intervention as sense-making and substantiated their commitment to growth talent mindsets. The qualitative findings also highlighted areas for refinement and tailoring of the intervention to target all coaches’ talent mindsets. Overall, the study was considered a necessary first step in developing an intervention showing significant and meaningful changes in coaches’ self-reported talent mindsets, consistent with the guidelines of wise psychological intervention and behavior change. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 6. |
- Nilsen, Dag André, et al.
(författare)
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Part II of a two-step mixed-methods approach in developing the Growth Talent Mindsets for Sports Coaches Intervention 2.0 : The coaches' perceptions of delivery and possible psychological processes of change
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. - Philadelphia, PA : Routledge. - 1041-3200 .- 1533-1571.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study follows up on the first-time implementation of the GrowTMindS Intervention described in Part I, with an overall aim of improving sports coaches’ beliefs in their talent as a coach (coach talent mindset, C-TM) and their athletes’ talent (athlete talent mindset, A-TM) as being malleable. By drawing on the user-centered design approach, we first refined the intervention using the insight provided by the coaches in Part I. A mixed-method approach then evaluated the second-time implementation, which included 33 participants (Mage = 38.76, SD = 16.55; 13 women, 20 men) in the quantitative strand and 11 informants (Mage = 39.09, SD = 14.10; 5 women, 6 men) in the sequential qualitative strand. The coaches represented the sports of swimming, bandy, ski sports, golf, and orienteering. The quantitative results indicate that the intervention targeted the coaches’ talent mindsets as their growth C-TM and A-TM scores increased from pre-test to post-test a year and a half after the intervention. The qualitative findings substantiate these results, showing how an increase at scale also appears meaningful concerning their belief in their own and their athletes’ developments. The findings also helped us to understand how the embracing, or possibly refuting, of intervention delivery may substantiate different trajectories of change, and thereby provided insight into the difficulty of targeting and the complexity of psychological processes and behavioral change. By considering the changes in coaches’ growth C-TM and A-TM, we assume that the GrowTMindS Intervention is ready for testing in a Phase III efficacy trial.Lay SummaryThe current study first refined the GrowTMindS Intervention to improve sports coaches’ mindsets about their talent as coaches and their athletes’ talent as being malleable and something that can grow. Then, using a mixed-method approach, the evaluation of this second-time implementation revealed a statistically significant and meaningful change in their mindsets through participation in a field study.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The GrowTMindS Intervention 2.0 can influence adult sports coaches’ growth mindsets regarding their talent as coaches and their athletes’ talents.Implementing the GrowTMindS Intervention 2.0 in coach education programs can contribute to changing coach behavior for the sake of athlete development and avoiding potential adverse athlete outcomes related to early talent identification and early specialized training.The findings underscore the need to recognize coaches’ backgrounds and pre-understanding to tailor growth talent mindset messages for clarity and impact, motivating participants to adopt new behaviors. They also emphasize the crucial role of engaging and committing coaches to new behaviors through assignments and fostering supportive environments to reinforce the communicated growth talent mindsets messages. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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- Pensgaard, Anne Marte, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health among elite athletes in Norway during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and satisfaction with life among different groups of elite athletes during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic and examine how COVID-19 related consequences were associated with these variables.Design: Cross-sectional data collection during a selected period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway.Participants: 378 elite athletes, mean age 26.86 (range 18–59), 159 females and 219 males, divided into Olympic-level and Paralympic-level athletes (n=194) and elite and semielite athletes (n=184).Main outcome measures: Hopkins Symptoms Check List − 10; symptoms of anxiety and depression; Bergen Insomnia Scale; Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short; Canadian Problem Gambling Index and Satisfaction with Life Scale. In addition, we included specific COVID-19 questions (eg, financial concern, keeping daily routines, perceived coping and motivation).Results: Symptoms of insomnia (38.3%) and depression (22.3%) were most prevalent within the sample. Symptoms of eating disorders more prevalent among female athletes (8.8% vs 1.4%) while symptoms of gambling problems were higher among male athletes (8.6% vs 1.3%). Olympic and Paralympic athletes reported lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms than elite and semielite athletes. Financial concerns were associated with an increased risk of mental health problems, while daily routines and perception of coping were associated with less mental health problems and higher satisfaction with life.Conclusion: Symptoms of insomnia and depression were the two most common mental health problems reported during this selected phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Elite and semielite athletes reported financial concerns as a risk factor for mental health problems at a larger degree than Olympic and Paralympic athletes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use.
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- Pensgaard, Anne Marte, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial stress factors, including the relationship with the coach, and their influence on acute and overuse injury risk in elite female football players
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between specific types of stressors (eg, teammates, coach) and acute versus overuse injuries is not well understood.Objective: To examine the roles of different types of stressors as well as the effect of motivational climate on the occurrence of acute and overuse injuries.Methods: Players in the Norwegian elite female football league (n=193 players from 12 teams) participated in baseline screening tests prior to the 2009 competitive football season. As part of the screening, we included the Life Event Survey for Collegiate Athletes and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (Norwegian short version). Acute and overuse time-loss injuries and exposure to training and matches were recorded prospectively in the football season using weekly text messaging. Data were analysed with Bayesian logistic regression analyses.Results: Using Bayesian logistic regression analyses, we showed that perceived negative life event stress from teammates was associated with an increased risk of acute injuries (OR=1.23, 95% credibility interval (1.01 to 1.48)). There was a credible positive association between perceived negative life event stress from the coach and the risk of overuse injuries (OR=1.21, 95% credibility interval (1.01 to 1.45)).Conclusions: Players who report teammates as a source of stress have a greater risk of sustaining an acute injury, while players reporting the coach as a source of stress are at greater risk of sustaining an overuse injury. Motivational climate did not relate to increased injury occurrence. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved.
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