| 1. |
- Giannobile, W. V., et al.
(författare)
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Biological factors involved in alveolar bone regeneration Consensus report of Working Group 1 of the 15(th) European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 46, s. 6-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims To describe the biology of alveolar bone regeneration. Material and Methods Four comprehensive reviews were performed on (a) mesenchymal cells and differentiation factors leading to bone formation; (b) the critical interplay between bone resorbing and formative cells; (c) the role of osteoimmunology in the formation and maintenance of alveolar bone; and (d) the self-regenerative capacity following bone injury or tooth extraction were prepared prior to the workshop. Results and Conclusions This summary information adds to the fuller understanding of the alveolar bone regenerative response with implications to reconstructive procedures for patient oral rehabilitation. The group collectively formulated and addressed critical questions based on each of the reviews in this consensus report to advance the field. The report concludes with identified areas of future research.
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| 2. |
- Divaris, K., et al.
(författare)
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Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 101:11, s. 1408-1416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and “precision,” data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface–level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
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| 3. |
- Johannesson, Liza, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Preclinical report on allogeneic uterus transplantation in non-human primates.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 28:1, s. 189-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: Is it possible to perform allogeneic uterus transplantation (UTx) with a donation from a live donor in a non-human primate species and what immunosuppression is needed to prevent rejection? SUMMARY ANSWER: Allogeneic UTx in the baboon is a donor- and recipient-safe surgical procedure; immunosuppression with induction therapy and a triple protocol should be used. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: UTx may become a treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. Autologous UTx models have been developed in non-human primates with reports on long-term survival of the uterine grafts. STUDY DESIGN, SIZEAND DURATION: This experimental study included 18 female baboons as uterus donors and 18 female baboons as uterus recipients. The follow-up time was 5-8 weeks. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGAND METHODS: Uterus retrieval was performed with extended hysterectomy including bilateral uterine and internal iliac arteries and ovarian veins. After UTx, with vascular anastomoses unilateral to the internal iliac artery and the external iliac vein, the uterus recipients received one of the following: no immunosuppression (n = 4); monotherapy (oral slow release tacrolimus) (n = 4) or induction therapy (antithymocyte globulin) followed by triple therapy (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, corticosteroids; n = 10). Surgical parameters, survival, immunosuppression and rejection patterns were evaluated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The durations of uterus retrieval and recipient surgery were around 3 and 3.5 h, respectively. The total ischemic time was around 3 h. All the recipients and the donors survived the surgery. All the recipients presented rejection to some extent within the first weeks following UTx. In one recipient, the uterus was of normal appearance at the end of the study period. In spite of occasional high (>60 ng/ml) blood levels of tacrolimus, there was no evidence of nephrotoxicity. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION: This initial non-human primate allogeneic UTx study indicates that further research is needed to optimize immunosuppression protocols in order to avoid uterine rejection. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The findings suggest that allogeneic UTx in primate species is feasible but continued work on this issue is needed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council, ALF University of Gothenburg, Hjalmar Svensson Foundation and by Jane and Dan Olsson Research Foundation. The authors do not have any competing interest.
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| 4. |
- Astvaldsdottir, A., et al.
(författare)
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Oral health and dental care of older persons-A systematic map of systematic reviews
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gerodontology. - : Wiley. - 0734-0664 .- 1741-2358. ; 35:4, s. 290-304
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the current knowledge on oral health status and dental care of older persons through a systematic mapping of systematic reviews of low or moderate risk of bias. Background: Geriatric dentistry covers all aspects of oral health and oral care of older persons. Oral health is part of general health and contributes to a person's physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Methods: A literature search was performed in three different databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Cinahl) within 12 domains: Dental caries, periodontitis, Orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, mucosal lesions, oral motor function, dry mouth, halitosis, interaction between oral status and other medical conditions, ability to interrelate and communicate, quality of life, ethics and organisation of dental care for older persons. Systematic reviews were identified and scrutinised, highlighting scientific knowledge and knowledge gaps. Results: We included 32 systematic reviews of which 14 were judged to be of low/moderate risk of bias. Most of the domains lack systematic reviews with low or moderate risk of bias. In two of the domains evidence was identified; in institutionalised people aged 65 or older, effective oral hygiene can prevent pneumonia. Furthermore, there is an evidence of a relationship between malnutrition (protein energy-related malnutrition, PEM) and poor appetite and edentulousness. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for further research and evidence-based knowledge within most domains in geriatric dentistry and in other fields related to oral health and dental care for older persons striving for multi-disciplinary research programmes.
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| 5. |
- Bäckvall, P, et al.
(författare)
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Using Fisheye for Navigation on Small Displays
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nordic Conference on Computer-Human Interaction,2000.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a solution to the problem of visualising large amount of hierarchical information structures on small computer screens. Our solution has been implemented as a prototype for mobile use on a hand-held computer using Microsoft Pocket PC with a screen size of 240x320 pixels. The prototype uses the same information as service engineers use on stationary computers. The visualisation technique we used for displaying information is based on fisheye technique, which we have found functional on small displays. The prototype is domain independent; the information is easily interchangeable. A consequence of the result presented here is that the possibility of using hand-held computers in different types of contexts increases.
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| 6. |
- Courtois, S, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of bacterial subgroups in soil: comparison of DNA extracted directly from soil or from cells previously released by density gradient centrifugation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2920 .- 1462-2912. ; 3:7, s. 431-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All molecular analyses of soil bacterial diversity are based on the extraction of a representative fraction of cellular DNA. Methods of DNA extraction for this purpose are divided into two categories: those in which cells are lysed within the soil (direct extraction) and those in which cells are first removed from soil (cell extraction) and then lysed. The purpose of this study was to compare a method of direct extraction with a method in which cells were first separated from the soil matrix by Nycodenz gradient centrifugation in order to evaluate the effect of these different approaches on the analysis of the spectrum of diversity in a microbial community. We used a method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment, followed by hybridization of the amplified fragments to a set of specific probes to assess the phylogenetic diversity of our samples. Control parameters, such as the relationship between amount of DNA template and amount of PCR product and the influence of competing DNA on PCR amplification, were first examined. Comparison between extraction methods showed that less DNA was extracted when cells were first separated from the soil matrix (0.4 µg g1 dry weight soil versus 38–93 µg g1 obtained by in situ lysis methods). However, with the exception of the γ-subclass of Proteobacteria, there was no significant difference in the spectrum of diversity resulting from the two extraction strategies.
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| 7. |
- Fanjul, María, et al.
(författare)
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Tethered cord in patients affected by anorectal malformations : a survey from the ARM-Net Consortium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Surgery International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-0358 .- 1437-9813. ; 33:8, s. 849-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the degree of consensus in the management of spinal cord tethering (TC) in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) in a large cohort of European pediatric centers. Methods: A survey was sent to pediatric surgeons (one per center) members of the ARM-Net Consortium. Results: Twenty-four (86%) from ten different countries completed the survey. Overall prevalence of TC was: 21% unknown, 46% below 15, and 29% between 15 and 30%. Ninety-six agreed on screening all patients for TC regardless the type of ARM and 79% start screening at birth. Responses varied in TC definition and diagnostic tools. Fifty percent of respondents prefer ultrasound (US), 21% indicate either US or magnetic resonance (MRI) based on a pre-defined risk of presenting TC, and 21% perform both. Discrepancy exists in complementary test: 82% carry out urodynamic studies (UDS) and only 37% perform somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP). Prophylactic untethering is performed in only two centers (8%). Conclusions: Survey results support TC screening in all patients with ARM and conservative management of TC. There is discrepancy in the definition of TC, screening tools, and complementary test. Protocols should be developed to avoid such variability in management.
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| 8. |
- Haworth, S., et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of Caries Scores, Trajectories, and Disease Subtypes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 99:3, s. 264-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies report that dental caries is partially heritable, but there is uncertainty in the magnitude of genetic effects and little understanding of how genetic factors might influence caries progression or caries subtypes. This study aimed to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of different caries outcomes using a twin-based design. Analysis included up to 41,678 twins in the Swedish Twin Register aged 7 to 97 y, and dental data were obtained from preexisting dental records. The outcome measures were 1) summary indices of caries experience, 2) parameters representing trajectory in caries progression derived from longitudinal modeling, and 3) caries scores in groups of biologically similar tooth surfaces derived from hierarchical clustering of tooth surfaces (termed caries clusters). Additive genetic factors explained between 49.1% and 62.7% of variation in caries scores and between 50.0% and 60.5% of variation in caries trajectories. Seven caries clusters were identified, which had estimates of heritability lying between 41.9% and 54.3%. Shared environmental factors were important for only some of these clusters and explained 16% of variation in fissure caries in molar teeth but little variation in other clusters of caries presentation. The genetic factors influencing these clusters were only partially overlapping, suggesting that different biological processes are important in different groups of tooth surfaces and that innate liability to some patterns of caries presentation may partially explain why groups of tooth surfaces form clusters within the mouth. These results provide 1) improved quantification of genetic factors in the etiology of caries and 2) new data about the role of genetics in terms of longitudinal changes in caries status and specific patterns of disease presentation, and they may help lay the foundations for personalized interventions in the future.
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| 9. |
- Henning, Petra, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Toll-like receptor-2 induced inflammation causes local bone formation and activates canonical Wnt signaling.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that inflammatory processes in the vicinity of bone often induce osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Effects of inflammatory processes on bone formation are less studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of locally induced inflammation on bone formation. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonists LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis and PAM2 were injected once subcutaneously above mouse calvarial bones. After five days, both agonists induced bone formation mainly at endocranial surfaces. The injection resulted in progressively increased calvarial thickness during 21 days. Excessive new bone formation was mainly observed separated from bone resorption cavities. Anti-RANKL did not affect the increase of bone formation. Inflammation caused increased bone formation rate due to increased mineralizing surfaces as assessed by dynamic histomorphometry. In areas close to new bone formation, an abundance of proliferating cells was observed as well as cells robustly stained for Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase. PAM2 increased the mRNA expression of Lrp5, Lrp6 and Wnt7b, and decreased the expression of Sost and Dkk1. In situ hybridization demonstrated decreased Sost mRNA expression in osteocytes present in old bone. An abundance of cells expressed Wnt7b in Runx2-positive osteoblasts and ß-catenin in areas with new bone formation. These data demonstrate that inflammation, not only induces osteoclastogenesis, but also locally activates canonical WNT signaling and stimulates new bone formation independent on bone resorption.
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| 10. |
- Kassem, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Porphyromonas gingivalis Stimulates Bone Resorption by Enhancing RANKL (Receptor Activator of NF-kappa B Ligand) through Activation of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Osteoblasts
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 290:33, s. 20147-20158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontitis has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. In experimental arthritis, concomitant periodontitis caused by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis enhances articular bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis stimulates bone resorption. The effects by LPS P. gingivalis and four other TLR2 ligands on bone resorption, osteoclast formation, and gene expression in wild type and Tlr2-deficient mice were assessed in ex vivo cultures of mouse parietal bones and in an in vivo model in which TLR2 agonists were injected subcutaneously over the skull bones. LPS P. gingivalis stimulated mineral release and matrix degradation in the parietal bone organ cultures by increasing differentiation and formation of mature osteoclasts, a response dependent on increased RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand). LPS P. gingivalis stimulated RANKL in parietal osteoblasts dependent on the presence of TLR2 and through a MyD88 and NF-kappa B-mediated mechanism. Similarly, the TLR2 agonists HKLM, FSL1, Pam2, and Pam3 stimulated RANKL in osteoblasts and parietal bone resorption. LPS P. gingivalis and Pam2 robustly enhanced osteoclast formation in periosteal/endosteal cell cultures by increasing RANKL. LPS P. gingivalis and Pam2 also up-regulated RANKL and osteoclastic genes in vivo, resulting in an increased number of periosteal osteoclasts and immense bone loss in wild type mice but not in Tlr2-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that LPS P. gingivalis stimulates periosteal osteoclast formation and bone resorption by stimulating RANKL in osteoblasts via TLR2. This effect might be important for periodontal bone loss and for the enhanced bone loss seen in rheumatoid arthritis patients with concomitant periodontal disease.
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