| 1. |
- Persson, Nils-Krister, et al.
(författare)
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Re: en ny samhällssektor spirar
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resurser och hållbarhet är nära förknippade. Hållbarhet innebär att hushålla med resurser - materiella, miljömässiga och mänskliga. Och hushållning är per definition kärnan i ekonomi. Man börjar alltmer se framväxten av en hel arsenal av verktyg och förhållnings- och angreppssätt för att bygga hållbarhet. Detta förenas av ett synsätt att det som hitintills setts om avfall och värdelöst, och rent utav besvärligt att ta hand om, nu blir en värdefull resurs. Det glömda och gömda kommer åter. Faktum är att många ord och begrepp kring detta börjar på just åter- eller re- . Internationellt talar man om Redesign, Recycling, Remake, Recycle, Recraft, Reuse, Recreate, Reclaim, Reduce, Repair, Refashion.Vad är då allt detta? Ja, vill man dra det långt, är det inte mindre än framväxten av ett nyvunnet sätt att tänka, ja av en ny samhällssektor, en bransch och en industri, sammanbundet av filosofin att återanvändningen, spillminskningen, vidarebruket, efterlivet anses som viktiga faktorer för ett miljömedvetet samhälle. Re: blir paraplytermen för detta. I denna antologi av forskare från skilda discipliner vid Högskolan i Borås lyfts ett antal av dessa begrepp inom Re: fram.
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| 2. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the evaluation of CT perfusion in ischemic stroke
- 2009
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Ingår i: Functional Neurology. - 0393-5264. ; 24:3, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of interrater reliability in the evaluation of perfusion computed tomography (CTP) studies is very limited even though the method is widely used in the workup of acute stroke. The aims of this study were to estimate the inter- and intraolbserver agreement in the evaluation of CTP data and to evaluate the feasibility of the method. The CTP data of 20 consecutive patients (50% were females) aged 68 +/- 11 years with different categories of acute ischemic stroke were included in this retrospective analysis. Perfusion studies were evaluated independently by six radiologists on two different occasions. The overall inter- and intraolbserver agreement was substantial, showing a K value of 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.91). The time required for the post-processing and interpretation ranged from 37 to 460 seconds. Evaluation of manually post-processed CTP data according to the maximum slope model appears to be reliable. Experience and also a short training period increase the reliability of the method and reduce the time needed for delivery of the results to the treating clinician.
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| 3. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Vertebral Hemangiomas : Prevalence, New Classification and Natural History. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Retrospective Longitudinal Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1971-4009 .- 2385-1996. ; 36:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: To determine the prevalence of vertebral hemangiomas (VHs), establish a new classification of VHs based on their MRI-signal pattern, and study their natural history. Methods: MRI of 1000 consecutive patients who underwent at least two MRI with an interval of at least 3 years. Growth rate and change of MRI-signal pattern during the follow-up period were the parameters included in studying the natural history of VHs. Results: The prevalence of VHs was 41%. VHs were classified as type I–IV with fat-rich VHs (type I), constituted 79% of all VHs. VHs were more common among females 43% versus males 39%, p =.22. The most affected vertebra was L1. Occurrence rates for cervical (1%), thoracic (7%), and lumbar spine (10%) differed significantly (p <.001). The prevalence of VHs increased with age regardless of gender or spinal part involved (p <.001). Only 26% of VHs changed their size and 4% changed their signal during the average follow-up of 7 years. All VHs were slowly growing lesions (average expected growth of <3 mm/10 years). No significant difference between growth rate of VHs type I (0.25 mm/year) and other types of VHs. None of the VHs that were initially reported as “metastases cannot be rule out” showed alarming change in signal or size. Conclusions: VH can be classified into four types based on their MRI-signal pattern. Regardless of their type, VHs are slowly growing lesions. The presence of typical morphological pattern should enable radiologists to confidently differentiate them from vertebral metastases.
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| 4. |
- Andréasson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal dysbiosis is common in systemic sclerosis and associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal features of disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent evidence suggests a link between autoimmunity and the intestinal microbial composition in several rheumatic diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intestinal dysbiosis in SSc and to characterise patients suffering from this potentially immunomodulatory deviation. Methods: This study consisted of 98 consecutive patients subject to in-hospital care. Stool samples were analysed for intestinal microbiota composition using a validated genome-based microbiota test (GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test, Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway). Gut microbiota dysbiosis was found present as per this standardised test. Patients were examined regarding gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of SSc by clinical, laboratory, and radiological measures including esophageal cineradiography, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), levels of plasma transthyretin (a marker of malnutrition) and faecal (F-) calprotectin (a marker of intestinal inflammation). Results: A majority (75.5%) of the patients exhibited dysbiosis. Dysbiosis was more severe (rs=0.31, p=0.001) and more common (p=0.013) in patients with esophageal dysmotility. Dysbiosis was also more pronounced in patients with abnormal plasma levels of transthyretin (p=0.045) or micronutrient deficiency (p=0.009). In 19 patients at risk for malnutrition according to the MUST, 18 exhibited dysbiosis. Conversely, of the 24 patients with a negative dysbiosis test, only one was at risk for malnutrition. The mean±SEM levels of F-calprotectin were 112±14 and 45±8μg/g in patients with a positive and negative dysbiosis test, respectively. Dysbiosis was more severe in patients with skin telangiectasias (p=0.020), pitting scars (p=0.023), pulmonary fibrosis (p=0.009), and elevated serum markers of inflammation (p<0.001). However, dysbiosis did not correlate with age, disease duration, disease subtype, or extent of skin fibrosis. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, intestinal dysbiosis was common in patients with SSc and was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, malnutrition and with some inflammatory, fibrotic and vascular extraintestinal features of SSc. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential causal relationship of intestinal microbe-host interaction in this autoimmune disease.
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| 5. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Prima Vista – Possibillities and Challenges with Practice-based Research in Music Education
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017 the Swedish Government commissioned four Universities to plan and execute a project aiming to develop and test different models for long-term collaboration between Universities and Colleges and heads of Schools concerning practice-based research (Utbildningsdepartementet, 2018). This should be seen in the light of the decree in the Swedish education act from 2010, that declares that the Swedish compulsory school shall be founded in scientific basis and proven experience (SFS 2010:800; Norrestam & Alfredson, 2018).These four Universities became the core of a practice-based test project between Higher Education and School, called ULF (Utbildning, Lärande, Forskning) [in English ELR, Education, Learning, Research]. The four Universities have collaborated with other Universities and Colleges and formed four hubs in the ULF project network. The Royal College of Music (RCM) in Stockholm has been a part of the project through the hub administrated by Uppsala University. The trial period ends in 2021, and throughout the period RCM has been conducting four practice-based research projects where music teachers in the compulsory school have worked together with researchers from the college in pairs and in one case in a trio, researching areas that have been identified by the music teachers as important for them in their daily work. These research areas have been: Leadership in the music-classroom; Interventions for musical knowledge development and participation; Music education and digitalization; and Norm-critical music education.Five music teachers and four researchers together have developed multifaceted knowledge concerning, of course, the research areas of interest, but also about matters concerning arrangements supporting practice-based research. This could be called incidental findings, but we argue that these areas of interest may, in fact be part of the main findings, of the study made by the RCM, as well as of the main project nationally. The results are presented in an anthology called “A Prima Vista” which will be completed in January 2021.In the symposia we would like to present results and further discuss:- How to define practice-based research? The definition of the term practice-based or practice-conducted research is not an easy on to make?- The ethical codex for conducting studies that include humans, is in Sweden not updated to adequately meet the special issues that arises when practicing teachers are partaking in research that their head of the school department is engaged in. This concerns i.e., the matter of anonymization and bias.- How do one practically take on the task of practice-based research? Little is written in Sweden on organizational matters. Our project has shown that issues like schedules, access to resources, and substitute teachers are just a few of many pressing organizational matters.- Findings from the collaborative part-studies. References Norrestam S. & Alfredsson, S. (2018). Skola på vetenskaplig grund. Hur LUnd gör BFL/BFFL. I Vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, (s 29–38) VBE- programmet, Lund.SFS 2010:800. Skollagen. Stockholm, Utbildningsdepartementet.Utbildningsdepartementet. (2017). Uppdrag om försöksverksamhet med praktiknära forskning. Utbildningsdepartementet. Diarienummer: U2015/03573/UH, U2017/01129/UH.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Blomqvist, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Postural stability, physical activity, aerobic capacity and their associations for young people with and without intellectual disabilities
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity. - 1803-3857. ; 7:1, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies show that people with intellectual disability (ID) appear to have impaired postural stability, a lower level of physical activity, and lower aerobic capacity compared to persons without ID, limitations that could affect their health. This study investigates these physical functions and their associations in a group of young people with ID compared to an age-matched group without ID. In total, this cross-sectional study included 106 high school students (16-20 years): 57 students with mild to moderate ID and 49 agematched students without ID (control group). Tests were performed for postural stability, level of physical activity, and aerobic capacity. Both females and males with ID had significantly lower estimated maximum oxygen uptake (l O2/min) (p< 0.001 for females and p=0.004 for males) and a lower aerobic capacity expressed relative to body weight (ml O2/ kg*min) (p< 0.001 for females and p=0.012 for males) compared to age-matched peers. Analyses of associations were made using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis. No significant associations could be found. Physical status appears impaired for young people with ID and functions, such as postural stability, should be evaluated separately
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| 8. |
- Brown, Russell D., et al.
(författare)
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Tubuloglomerular feedback response in the prenatal and postnatal ovine kidney
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6127 .- 1522-1466 .- 1931-857X. ; 300:6, s. F1368-F1374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown RD, Turner AJ, Carlstrom M, Persson AE, Gibson KJ. Tubuloglomerular feedback response in the prenatal and postnatal ovine kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F1368-F1374, 2011. First published March 30, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal. 00019.2011.-The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism (TGF) plays an important role in regulating single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by coupling distal tubular flow to arteriolar tone. It is not known whether TGF is active in the developing kidney or whether it can regulate renal vascular tone and thus GFR during intrauterine life. TGF characteristics were examined in late-gestation ovine fetuses and lambs under normovolemic and volume-expanded (VE) conditions. Lambs and pregnant ewes were anesthetized and the fetuses were delivered via a caesarean incision into a heated water bath, with the umbilical cord intact. Under normovolemic conditions, mean arterial pressure of the fetuses was lower than lambs (51 +/- 1 vs. 64 +/- 3 mmHg). The maximum TGF response (Delta P(SFmax)) was found to be lower in fetuses than lambs when tubular perfusion was increased from 0 to 40 nl/min (5.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 10.6 +/- 0.4 mmHg). Furthermore, the flow rate eliciting half-maximal response [turning point (TP)] was 15.7 +/- 0.9 nl/min in fetuses compared with 19.3 +/- 1.0 nl/min in lambs, indicating a greater TGF sensitivity of the prenatal kidney. VE decreased Delta P(SFmax) (4.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg) and increased TP to 23.7 +/- 1.3 nl/min in lambs. In fetuses, VE increased stop-flow pressure from 26.6 +/- 1.5 to 30.3 +/- 0.8 mmHg, and reset TGF sensitivity so that TP increased to 21.3 +/- 0.7 nl/min, but it had no effect on Delta P(SFmax). This study provides direct evidence that the TGF mechanism is active during fetal life and responds to physiological stimuli. Moreover, reductions in TGF sensitivity may contribute to the increase in GFR at birth.
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| 9. |
- Conaway, H Herschel, et al.
(författare)
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Retinoids inhibit differentiation of hematopoietic osteoclast progenitors.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The FASEB journal. - Bethesda, Md. : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 23:10, s. 3526-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether vitamin A promotes skeletal fragility, has no effect on fracture rate, or protects against bone loss is unclear. In the present study, effects of retinoids on osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs), bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by analyzing osteoclast formation and expression of genes important in signal transduction and osteoclast function. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) did not stimulate osteoclastogenesis in BMCs, but inhibited hormone and RANKL-induced gene expression and formation of osteoclasts. In BMMs, spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells, osteoclast differentiation and formation stimulated by M-CSF/RANKL were inhibited (IC(50) = 0.3 nM) by ATRA. The effect was exerted at an early step of RANKL-induced differentiation. ATRA also abolished increases of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFAT2 stimulated by RANKL and suppressed down-regulation of the antiosteoclastogenic transcription factor MafB. By comparing effects of several compounds structurally related to ATRA, as well as by using receptor antagonists, evaluation pointed to inhibition being mediated by RARalpha, with no involvement of PPARbeta/delta. The results suggest that activation of RARalpha by retinoids in myeloid hematopoietic precursor cells decreases osteoclast formation by altering expression of the transcription factors c-Fos, NFAT2, and MafB.
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| 10. |
- Croy, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal questions for sleep in epidemiological studies: Comparisons of subjective and objective measures in laboratory and field studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavioural Sleep Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1540-2002 .- 1540-2010. ; 15:6, s. 466-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies on sleep often use questionnaires, and measurement of validity provides necessary guidance in selection of valid single sleep questions. Twenty-five items assessing different aspects of sleep, including overall sleep quality, specific sleep parameters, nocturnal restoration, and exposure-related questions, were tested. This involved coherence with objective polysomnographic (PSG) laboratory measurements of sleep in 47 participants and application of selected items under field conditions in over 3,000 participants. Items on overall sleep quality correlated significantly with PSG data. For specific sleep parameter questions, tiredness in the morning, time to fall asleep, difficulties to sleep and estimated number of awakenings were correlated to PSG data. Questions asking specifically about the effect of potential sleep disturbances correlated poorly with PSG data, but showed highest effects between environmental exposure (noise and vibration) and control nights in the laboratory and highest correlation with the dose of exposure in the field. In conclusion, healthy participants seem to be able to access their sleep reliably; and sleep questions asking about specific sleep parameters can be recommended for the assessment of sleep.
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