| 1. |
- Gagnemo Persson, Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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Rat stomach ECL-cell histidine decarboxylase activity is suppressed by ergocalciferol but unaffected by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
- 1999
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In: Regulatory Peptides. - 1873-1686. ; 79:2-3, s. 131-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ECL cells are peptide hormone-producing cells, rich in histamine and chromogranin A (CGA)-derived peptides, that operate under the control of gastrin. Gastrin and the ECL cells form a functional unit, the gastrin-ECL-cell axis. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) if calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D affect the gastrin-ECL-cell axis (by measuring the activity of the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), and the expression of HDC mRNA and CGA mRNA in the ECL cells), and (2) if activation of the gastrin-ECL-cell axis affects the parathyroid glands (by measuring plasma PTH and mRNA expression). We also examined the possibility that the oxyntic mucosa harbours vitamin D receptors. Fasted rats received intravenous infusion of PTH and CT with or without gastrin. PTH raised the blood Ca2+ concentration, whereas CT infusion lowered it. Plasma PTH rose in response to CT, while serum gastrin remained unaffected. ECL-cell HDC was activated by gastrin but not by CT and PTH. Five daily subcutaneous injections of large amounts of ergocalciferol raised the blood Ca2+ concentration, while reducing the oxyntic mucosal HDC activity and the expression of HDC and CGA mRNA. The serum gastrin concentration was not affected. The findings are in line with the idea that the gastrin-ECL-cell axis can be suppressed by vitamin D or by vitamin D-dependent mechanisms. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of vitamin D receptor immunoreactivity and reverse transcription PCR detected vitamin D receptor gene expression in the rat oxyntic mucosa. Hypergastrinemia was induced by daily peroral treatment with the H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, omeprazole, for 2 weeks or by continuous subcutaneous infusion of gastrin for 7 days. Elevated serum gastrin concentration was associated with increased HDC activity and increased HDC and CGA mRNA expression in the oxyntic mucosa. There was no elevation of plasma PTH or PTH mRNA expression in the parathyroid gland.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Gerd, et al.
(author)
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Hemtjänstpersonalens arbetsmiljö och hälsa i fyra skånska kommuner
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport presentas resultaten från en arbetsmiljöenkät som genomförts ihemtjänsten i fyra skånska kommuner (2 landsortskommuner, 1 medelstor stad, 1 storstad). Enkäten syftade till att brett kartlägga hemtjänstpersonalens arbetsmiljö, hälsa och välmående och är en del av det fyraåriga forskningsprojektet ”Att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö i hemtjänsten - participativt förändringsarbete i praktiken”. Projektet har finansierats av Forskningsrådet för hälsa, arbetsliv och välfärd (FORTE).Totalt svarade 114 personer varav 99 var kvinnor, 14 män och en person som inte angivit kön på enkäten. Andelen av hemtjänstpersonalen som svarade på enkäten var 73%. Personerna svarade på frågor om övergripande arbetssituation inklusive ergonomiska förhållanden och psykosocial arbetsmiljö och om hälsa.De allra flesta (mer än 90%) uppgav att de trivs med sitt arbete och sin arbetsplats. De angav också att stämningen var god, att de kände en gemenskap på arbetsplatsen och upplevde ett stort stöd från sina arbetskamrater, vilket medför att de har möjlighet att få råd och att lära av andra. En majoritet uppgav att de också hade ett gott stöd från närmaste chef. Däremot upplevde de att de ganska sällan fick uppskattning eller belöning för sitt arbete. Det kan också noteras att två tredjedelar av deltagarna kände att de ville arbeta kvar på nuvarande arbetsplats om fem år.Hemtjänstpersonalen lyfter i sina enkätsvar främst fram tre problem i arbetet;bristen på vikarier, att tiden att ägna sig åt varje omsorgstagare är för kort samt att antalet omsorgstagare som varje person ska besöka under en vecka är för stort.Bristen på tid hos omsorgstagarna medför bl.a. att de inte hinner sköta andrakringuppgifter, att tiden att förflytta sig mellan olika omsorgstagare äts upp ochnågon tid för att kunna varva ner finns inte. Möjligen kan denna brist på mikropauser i vardagen bidra till både ökad stress och fysisk belastning.Av samtliga undersökningsdeltagare angav mer än hälften i sina enkätsvar attnuvarande arbete hade gjort deras hälsa något eller mycket sämre. Förekomsten av besvär från muskler och leder var anmärkningsvärt hög jämfört med andra yrkesgrupper och även jämfört med tidigare studier av personal inom hemtjänst. Det var särskilt vanligt med besvär från rygg och armbågar/händer.För bedömning av indikation för utmattning har tre olika instrument använts.Dessa visar att en fjärdedel till en tredjedel av de hemstjänstanställda rapporterarstress och/eller utmattningsreaktioner på en nivå som indikerar risk för utmattningssyndrom eller annan relaterad psykisk ohälsa om deras situation blir långvarig.Sammanfattningsvis anser vi att de positiva sociala aspekterna av arbetsmiljön iform av trivsel på arbetsplatsen, god gemenskap med stöd från både ledning ochkollegor betyder att bilden av hemtjänsten som en oattraktiv arbetsplats inte är entydig. Det finns resurser i organisationen och bland personalen som det går attbygga vidare på.Vad gäller individens fysiska och psykologiska arbetsmiljö ser vi dock ett antalutmaningar i form av hög fysisk belastning och risk för stress och utmattning. Allt detta måste åtgärdas för att öka attraktionen för yrket och minska riskerna för arbetsskador och sjukskrivning. Även om organisatoriska förändringar och användning av tekniska hjälpmedel i vissa fall kan minska problemen så måste det anställas fler personer för att personalen ska kunna ge omsorgstagarna den vård- och omsorg de behöver. För att fler personer ska välja att arbeta inom hemtjänst krävs också förbättrade anställningsförhållanden som tillsvidareanställning, förbättrade löneförmåner, möjlighet till fortbildning, en arbetsmiljö som inte påverkar hälsan negativt och möjlighet att påverka hur arbetet utförs.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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A framework for participatory work environment interventions in home care - success factors and some challenges
- 2022
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In: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Home care is beset with work environment issues and high staff turnover, while research concerned with interventions to improve the work environment is sparse. Few of the existing interventions apply a participative approach, despite this being associated with more positive outcomes and sustainable change. This paper presents a framework, rooted in action research and action learning, for participatory work environment interventions in home care, and demonstrates how this framework has been implemented in four Swedish home care organizations. Methods The framework has three phases (pre-intervention, intervention planning and intervention implementation) and consists of cycles of action and reflection in three constellations: a group of researchers, a reference group with labour market organization representatives and home care managers, and intervention work groups in the home care organizations. The work was documented and analysed with focus on the realization of the framework and challenges that were met on the way. The interventions were evaluated using a pre-/post-test questionnaire design. Results Parts of the framework were successfully implemented. The pre-intervention phase and the intervention planning phase, with intervention work groups, worked well. All four groups identified one intervention relevant to their own context. However, only two of the proposed interventions were fully implemented and evaluated. The high staff and management turnover, and the high rate of organizational changes made it impossible to evaluate the interventions statistically. Yet, data from open-ended questions in the post questionnaire showed that the two implemented interventions were perceived as successful. Conclusions The participatory framework, presented in this paper, seems promising for work environment interventions in home care. The framework was designed to reduce the risk of known disturbances affecting the process in unstable organizations. Despite this, it proved challenging to execute the framework, and especially the interventions, due to changes happening at high speed. In the two cases where organizational changes were not dominating, the interventions were implemented successfully. While the prerequisites for participation and successful implementation could be improved somewhat, the main issue, the instability of the organizational context, is hard for researchers or the individual home care units to tackle alone.
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| 6. |
- Rydenfält, Christofer, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Local Initiatives to Improve the Work Environment : A Qualitative Survey in Swedish Home Care Practice
- 2021
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In: Home Health Care Management & Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1084-8223 .- 1552-6739. ; 33:3, s. 154-161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Home care for the elderly constitutes a large and growing part of the social welfare system. Though, home care work is associated with a number of work environment-related challenges, including an increased risk for injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, high levels of sick leave and staff turnover, as well as stress and high workload, research is sparse. The present study explores local initiatives to improve the work environment initiated by the home care organizations themselves, and asks whether or not these initiatives affected gender equality. A qualitative web survey was sent to Swedish home care organizations, with open questions about change initiatives intended to have a positive effect on the work environment. There is an impressive amount of local work environment-related change initiatives going on. 80 categories of change initiatives were identified in answers from 178 units. However, these change initiatives were seldom evaluated or made accessible to stakeholders outside the organization. Main themes were concerned with work organization, digitalization, and planning, which largely follows trends in society (ie, digitalization, teamwork), rather than the actual needs identified by research (eg, musculoskeletal disorders). Despite apparent gender-related challenges, little of the work was associated with gender equality. The results indicates that there is a huge learning potential as the identified initiatives can serve as inspiration for others. However, to fully take advantage of these type of initiatives, more systematic evaluations are required.
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| 7. |
- Abadikhah, Marie, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Effect of anode material and dispersal limitation on the performance and biofilm community in microbial electrolysis cells
- 2023
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In: Biofilm. - 2590-2075. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), the oxidization of organic compounds is facilitated by an electrogenic biofilm on the anode surface. The biofilm community composition determines the function of the system. Both deterministic and stochastic factors affect the community, but the relative importance of different factors is poorly understood. Anode material is a deterministic factor as materials with different properties may select for different microorganisms. Ecological drift is a stochastic factor, which is amplified by dispersal limitation between communities. Here, we compared the effects of three anode materials (graphene, carbon cloth, and nickel) with the effect of dispersal limitation on the function and biofilm community assembly. Twelve MECs were operated for 56 days in four hydraulically connected loops and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to analyse the microbial community composition on the anode surfaces at the end of the experiment. The anode material was the most important factor affecting the performance of the MECs, explaining 54–80 % of the variance observed in peak current density, total electric charge generation, and start-up lag time, while dispersal limitation explained 10–16 % of the variance. Carbon cloth anodes had the highest current generation and shortest lag time. However, dispersal limitation was the most important factor affecting microbial community structure, explaining 61–98 % of the variance in community diversity, evenness, and the relative abundance of the most abundant taxa, while anode material explained 0–20 % of the variance. The biofilms contained nine Desulfobacterota metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), which made up 64–89 % of the communities and were likely responsible for electricity generation in the MECs. Different MAGs dominated in different MECs. Particularly two different genotypes related to Geobacter benzoatilyticus competed for dominance on the anodes and reached relative abundances up to 83 %. The winning genotype was the same in all MECs that were hydraulically connected irrespective of anode material used.
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| 8. |
- Abadikhah, Marie, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Evidence of competition between electrogens shaping electroactive microbial communities in microbial electrolysis cells
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), organic compounds are oxidized at the anode, liberating electrons that are used for hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Microbial communities on the anode and cathode surfaces and in the bulk liquid determine the function of the MEC. The communities are complex, and their assembly processes are poorly understood. We investigated MEC performance and community composition in nine MECs with a carbon cloth anode and a cathode of carbon nanoparticles, titanium, or stainless steel. Differences in lag time during the startup of replicate MECs suggested that the initial colonization by electrogenic bacteria was stochastic. A network analysis revealed negative correlations between different putatively electrogenic Deltaproteobacteria on the anode. Proximity to the conductive anode surface is important for electrogens, so the competition for space could explain the observed negative correlations. The cathode communities were dominated by hydrogen-utilizing taxa such as Methanobacterium and had a much lower proportion of negative correlations than the anodes. This could be explained by the diffusion of hydrogen throughout the cathode biofilms, reducing the need to compete for space.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ahlstrand, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Erfarna lärares engagemang : livsberättelser som retrospektiv reflektion
- 2008. - 1
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In: Läraren i blickpunkten<em> </em>. - Stockholm : Lärarförbundets Förlag. - 9789197659895 - 9197659894 ; , s. 189-205
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lärares arbete är komplext och kan beskrivas på olika sätt beroende på vilken utgångspunkt man väljer. I takt med att det ställs allt högre krav på lärare att utgå från en vetenskaplig bas i arbetet, behövs också fler redskap och begrepp för att förstå och förklara läraryrket. Hur ser arbetsprocesserna ut? Vad formar yrket? Vilka insatser kan göras för att förbättra verksamheten? Den här antologin presenterar femton sätt att se på lärares liv och arbete med hjälp av olika teoretiska perspektiv.Boken vänder sig till lärare och blivande lärare samt till alla som är intresserade av kunskapsutvecklingen kring lärares arbete.
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