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- Gaines, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Six-week follow-up after HIV-1 exposure: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 48:2, s. 93-98
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had been recommended, but improved tests and new information on early diagnosis motivated a re-evaluation of the national recommendations by experts representing infectious diseases and microbiology, county medical officers, the RAV, the Public Health Agency, and other national authorities. Based on the current state of knowledge the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the RAV recommend, starting in April 2015, a follow-up period of 6 weeks after possible HIV-1 exposure, if HIV testing is performed using laboratory-based combination tests detecting both HIV antibody and antigen. If point-of-care rapid HIV tests are used, a follow-up period of 8 weeks is recommended, because currently available rapid tests have insufficient sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 antigen. A follow-up period of 12 weeks is recommended after a possible exposure for HIV-2, since presently used assays do not include HIV-2 antigens and only limited information is available on the development of HIV antibodies during early HIV-2 infection. If pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis is administered, the follow-up period is recommended to begin after completion of prophylaxis. Even if infection cannot be reliably excluded before the end of the recommended follow-up period, HIV testing should be performed at first contact for persons who seek such testing.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Persson, Christina, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to dietary patterns in 50-year-old men and women: a feasibility study of a short FFQ
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1475-2727 .- 1368-9800. ; 22:4, s. 645-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the feasibility of a simple new fifteen-item FFQ as a tool for screening risk of poor dietary patterns in a healthy middle-aged population and to investigate how the results of the FFQ correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and socio-economic factors. DESIGN: A randomized population-based cross-sectional study. Metabolic measurements for cardiovascular risk factors and information about lifestyle were collected. A fifteen-item FFQ was created to obtain information about dietary patterns. From the FFQ, a healthy eating index was created with three dietary groups: good, average and poor. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors. SETTING: Sweden. SUBJECTS: Men and women aged 50 years and living in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS: In total, 521 middle-aged adults (257 men, 264 women) were examined. With good dietary pattern as the reference, there was a gradient association of having obesity, hypertension and high serum TAG in those with average and poor dietary patterns. After adjustment for education and lifestyle factors, individuals with a poor dietary pattern still had significantly higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of obesity (2.33; 1.10, 4.94), hypertension (2.73; 1.44, 5.20) and high serum TAG (2.62; 1.33, 5.14) compared with those with a good dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline data collected by a short FFQ can predict cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Swedish men and women. The FFQ could be a useful tool in health-care settings, when screening for risk of poor dietary patterns.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Christina, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Heart Failure in Obese Patients With and Without Bariatric Surgery in Sweden-A Registry-Based Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiac Failure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1071-9164 .- 1532-8414. ; 23:7, s. 530-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is a known risk factor for heart failure. The prevalence of both conditions has increased in Sweden during the past several decades. Obesity surgery has been shown to improve cardiac function. We therefore investigated whether the risk of heart failure was lower in obese patients after bariatric surgery compared with obese patients without surgical intervention. Methods and results: From the Swedish National Patient Registry. we created a cohort including 47,859 patients aged 18-74 years with a primary diagnosis of obesity from 2000 to 2011. Of these, 22,295 (46.6%) underwent bariatric surgery (mean age 40.7 (standard deviation [SD] 10.7) years, 75.9% female). There were 25,564 (53.4%) nonsurgical obese patients (mean age 44.3 (SD 13.2) years, 66.8% female). Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a markedly reduced risk of heart failure compared with nonsurgical obese patients (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.46). The lower risk persisted after further adjustment for baseline differences in known risk factors for heart failure (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.30-0.46). Conclusion: Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a reduced risk of heart failure after surgery compared with nonsurgical obese patients.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Christina, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Young women, body size and risk of atrial fibrillation.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4881 .- 2047-4873. ; 25:2, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A large body size in early adult life has been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) later in life in men; however, this has not yet been investigated in women.Prospective cohort study.We included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry with known weight and height from 1982 to 2014. The main exposure body surface area (BSA) was calculated as the square root of (height [cm] × weight [kg]/3600). Information on hospital diagnoses of AF were obtained from the Patient Registry. The study population comprised 1,522,329 women (mean age 28.3 years).A total of 6993 women (0.5%) were diagnosed with AF during a maximum follow-up of 33.6 years (mean 16.6 years, confidence interval [CI] 16.6-16.6). Risk of AF rose linearly with increasing BSA, body mass index (BMI) and height, with up to a threefold increased risk in the biggest women. Hazard ratios associated with BSA were 1.21 (95% CI 1.12-1.30), 1.45 (95% CI 1.35-1.56) and 2.11 (95% CI 1.97-2.26) when comparing the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively, with the first. The elevated risk persisted after stratifying for different levels of BMI, even among women with low-normal BMI. Conclusion A larger body size measured early in adulthood was, independent from BMI, associated with an increased risk of AF in women during follow-up of up to 33 years.
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| 6. |
- Torquati, Luciana, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and physical activity behaviour in nurses: a qualitative study
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1463-5240 .- 2164-9545. ; 54:6, s. 268-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Institute of Health Promotion and Education.Issue addressed: Previous research has shown that approximately 60% of nurses in Australia are overweight or obese, insufficiently active and have an unhealthy diet. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of nurses’ determinants contributing to these behaviours. This will inform a needs assessment for a future workplace health promotion program (WHPP) in this group. Methods: Four focus group discussions (n=17) were conducted with a convenience sample of nurses aged 25–59years from three hospitals in the Brisbane metropolitan area. Questions addressed barriers and motivation towards diet and physical activity (PA), and suggestions for future WHPP. Data were analysed with Nvivo10 following a thematic analysis with a realistic approach using Self-determination theory as a framework. Results: Work environment was the main barrier for healthy diet behaviours. Long working hours and lack of breaks challenged nurses’ self-control and self-regulation when making dietary choices. Fatigue was the main barrier for PA. However, relaxation, feeling energised before work and better sleep after working night shifts motivated nurses to do PA. Social environment at work seemed to be an effective external motivation to encourage healthy diet and regular PA. Goal-setting, self-monitoring and social support at work were identified as potential WHHP strategies. Conclusion: The workplace and job demands negatively impacts nurses’ lifestyle behaviours. Future interventions should include social support from colleagues, which could motivate nurses to make healthier food choices at work and be more active outside work.
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