| 1. |
- Backhaus, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal isolates from a region in south-west Sweden 1998-2001.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasive disease caused by antibiotic resistant pneumococci is a worldwide problem. All invasive pneumococcal strains in an area of south-west Sweden with 1.7 million inhabitants were collected prospectively during 1998-2001. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test and correlated to serotypes and clinical characteristics. Of 827 strains, 744 (90%) were susceptible (S) to all agents tested and 83 (10%) were indeterminate (I) or resistant (R) to at least 1 agent. 22 isolates (2.7%) were I to penicillin (MIC >0.06 to < or = 1.0 mg/l), but none were R (MIC >1.0 mg/l). Numbers and proportions of decreased susceptibility against other agents tested were as follows: erythromycin R: 30 (3.6%), clindamycin R: 6 (0.7%), tetracycline R: 16 (1.9%), moxifloxacin R: 1 (0.1%), cotrimoxazole I: 17 (2%) and R: 31(4%). Non-susceptibility to at least 1 agent was not correlated with age, clinical manifestation, underlying diseases and outcome. The serotype distribution differed between non-susceptible and susceptible strains. The serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 42% of all infections and 73% of those caused by non-susceptible strains. In conclusion, the impact of antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease remains limited in south-west Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Elisabet, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive group B streptococcal isolates from south-west Sweden 1988-2001.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:4, s. 308-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antibiotic susceptibility of 297 invasive isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) to a panel of 12 antibiotics was analysed using the E-test. The isolates (from 123 neonates and 174 adults) were collected from south-west Sweden during the 2 periods 1988-1997 and 1998-2001. The breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were used. All isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, meropenem, linezolid, vancomycin, moxifloxacin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Two strains displayed a slightly decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (MIC 0.25 microg/ml) also when tested by the broth dilution method. Two per cent were resistant to erythromycin and 1% to clindamycin. Strains with intermediate sensitivity to erythromycin and clindamycin increased over the 2 study periods. 68% were resistant to doxycycline, and the resistance rate for doxycycline increased over the 2 study periods. No strain was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Serotype V dominated among strains with intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin. There were no other relationships between serotypes and decreased sensitivity to any agent. There were no significant differences in susceptibility to any agent tested between strains isolated from neonates and adults. In conclusion, penicillins remain the drug of choice in the region but with the increasing rates of intermediate susceptibility to both erythromycin and clindamycin, antibiotic sensitivity analysis should be performed on the GBS isolates from penicillin-allergic patients.
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| 3. |
- Valgeirsdóttir, Inga Rós, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Metformin as treatment of GDM
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Whether metformin should be used as treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a matter of controversy. Concerns about the effects on neonatal birth weight (mainly small for gestational age, SGA) have been raised in one randomized controlled trial in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. [1] The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes based on different GDM treatment modalities with focus on metformin.Methods: A cohort study, based on data from the stepped wedge cluster randomized trial; CDC4G (Changing diagnostic criteria for GDM in Sweden - www.cdc4g.se). Screening for GDM involved repeated random plasma glucose measurements and/or clinical risk factors. [2] Data were collected from electronic case record forms, and national health and quality registers. Singleton pregnancies during 2018 (last birth in August 2019) from eight clusters were included. Women with pregestational diabetes and/or previous gastric bypass surgery were excluded. Pregnancy outcomes for different treatment regimens were analyzed for women with GDM compared to the background population without GDM. Logistic regression analyzes with adjustments for confounders (body mass index, age, smoking, country of birth, chronic hypertensive disease and cluster) was performed (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)) for all outcomes. Results: Of the 54 678 pregnancies included, 2 169 (4.0%) were diagnosed with GDM; of whom 1 076 (49.6%) were treated with diet only (dGDM), 668 (30.8%) with metformin only (mGDM), 116 (5.3%) with insulin only (iGDM), and 309 (14.2%) with both metformin and insulin (miGDM). Pregnancy outcomes were as follows: SGA (10th percentile) was significantly decreased in the mGDM group [aOR 0.57 (95% CI 0.41-0.79)] compared to the background population and no significant difference was found in the miGDM group [aOR 0.78 (95% CI 0.51-1.18)] compared to the background population. No significant difference in SGA (10th percentile) was found in the dGDM group [aOR 1.02 (CI 0.83-1.25)] compared to the background population. There was significant difference in neonates born large for gestational age (LGA, 90th percentile) in both mGDM and miGDM groups compared to the background population [aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.88-2.78) and aOR 2.32 (95% CI 1.76-3.07), respectively]. There was not significant difference in LGA (90th percentile) in dGDM compared to the background population [aOR 0.90 (95% CI 0.73-1.12].Conclusions: These preliminary unpublished results show no increase in SGA for metformin treated GDM compared to the background population. Outcomes in the diet treated GDM group were similar to the background population. Further analyzes are needed to compare outcomes between pharmacologic treatment groups and assess whether specific treatment regimens lead to similar outcomes in different subgroups (eg ethnicity, obesity and glucose values on diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test).References:1.Feig DS, Donovan LE, Zinman B, Sanchez JJ, Asztalos E, Ryan EA, et al. Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): a multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2020;8(10):834-44.2.Fadl H, Saeedi M, Montgomery S, Magnuson A, Schwarcz E, Berntorp K, et al. Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes in Sweden - a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial - the CDC4G study protocol. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019;19(1):398.
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| 4. |
- Berndtsson, Ina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term adjustment to living with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diseases of the colon and rectum. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1530-0358 .- 0012-3706. ; 54:2, s. 193-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe long-term adjustment to life with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis after surgery for ulcerative colitis, to investigate the relationship of pouch function to adjustment, and to explore factors affecting quality of life.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Björquist, Elisabet, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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‘There is a fear of not being SUPER knowledgeable’ : social workers striving to enhance children’s participation in the assessment process for disability support
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for more knowledge about how to enhance children’s participation in the assessment process when applying for support in accordance with the Swedish Disability Act (SDA). Here, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) has been highlighted as a successful way of letting children have a say in matters that concern their everyday lives. This study examines, from social workers’ perspectives, how increased participation can be made possible for children with disabilities during the process of decision-making and planning for support. Based on focus group interviews (N = 17) and individual interviews (N = 11) the findings reveal that the social worker shows a readiness to listen to children’s voices. However, they experience a range of both facilitating, but predominantly complicating, factors when meeting with the child and their parents. It is argued that the social workers’ professional discretion to some extent is influenced by the prevailing organisational culture, where a permissive work climate and proactive leadership are attributed great importance.
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| 7. |
- Björquist, Elisabet, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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‘There is a fear of not being SUPER knowledgeable’–social workers striving to enhance children’s participation in the assessment process for disability support; : 'Det finns en rädsla att inte vara SUPER kunnig’–Om socialarbetares strävan för att öka barns delaktighet i utredningsprocessen om stödinsatser enligt LSS]
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for more knowledge about how to enhance children’s participation in the assessment process when applying for support in accordance with the Swedish Disability Act (SDA). Here, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) has been highlighted as a successful way of letting children have a say in matters that concern their everyday lives. This study examines, from social workers’ perspectives, how increased participation can be made possible for children with disabilities during the process of decision-making and planning for support. Based on focus group interviews (N = 17) and individual interviews (N = 11) the findings reveal that the social worker shows a readiness to listen to children’s voices. However, they experience a range of both facilitating, but predominantly complicating, factors when meeting with the child and their parents. It is argued that the social workers’ professional discretion to some extent is influenced by the prevailing organisational culture, where a permissive work climate and proactive leadership are attributed great importance.
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| 8. |
- Bülow, Pia H., 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Sätta ord på föräldrars psykiska problem för barnens skull : Familjestöd som professionell praktik
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 26:1, s. 43-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spelling it out for the children’s sake – Family intervention as professional practiceThis article presents an analysis of 21 video-recorded family intervention sessions with children and parents in families where one or both parents are diagnosed with mental illness. The starting point for such family interventions is awareness of the risks that children run due to parental mental illness, e.g. development of mental health problems of their own. Previous studies have shown that openness about parents’ mental problems can reduce such risks. Family-intervention sessions are developed to assist children and their parents to talk about mental illness and related difficulties. Based on a dialogical and micro-sociological perspective, our objective is to analyse family-intervention sessions as professional practice and to illuminate various communicative means used by social workers to support children and parents in their talk about parents’ mental illness and its meaning for the children and the family. The analysis shows how professional prac-tice is formed based on how the social workers solve communicative challenges in conversations with families about mental health problems: to create and maintain family support as a child-focused process; creating and maintaining family support as a child-focused process; spelling out parents’ mental problems; and confirming and normalizing.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Concerns and quality of life before surgery and during the recovery period in patients with rectal cancer and an ostomy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (WOCN). - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 37:6, s. 654-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Rectal cancer is the most common reason for a person to undergo ostomy surgery. The aim of this study was to assess concerns and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before surgery and during the first 6 months following ostomy surgery in the presence of rectal cancer. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: The sample comprised 57 patients at a university hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Their median age was 66 years (range, 30-87); 35 men and 22 women participated in the study. METHODS: Participants prospectively answered questionnaires preoperatively, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.Concerns were assessed using the rating form of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Concerns, and HRQOL was evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results were compared with population norms. RESULTS: Participants expressed concerns associated with developing cancer, being a burden on others, and related to the uncertain nature of disease. Health-related quality of life scores dropped significantly in 6 of 8 domains when preoperative scores were compared to those obtained 1 month postoperatively, but scores improved at 6 months. There were significant differences between preoperative study group scores and population norms on physical and emotional role function, social function, and for mental health domains. Significant differences persisted when population norms were compared to study group scores 6 months following surgery on all these domains except mental health. Participants identified good relations with significant others, social and leisure activities, psychological issues, and health as important for maintaining QOL. Obstacles to maintaining QOL included fatigue, pain, illness-induced limitations in life, and worries over what their new life would entail. CONCLUSION: Surgical management of rectal cancer raises concerns and profoundly impairs QOL during the first several postoperative months. © 2010 Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.
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