| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Blomberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Airflow Limitation, Emphysema and Impaired Diffusing Capacity in Relation to Smoking Habits in a Swedish Middle-Aged Population.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). In some cases, emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are present, but characteristics and symptoms vary with smoking exposure.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of CAL, emphysema and impaired DLCO in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms in a middle-aged population.METHODS: We investigated 28,746 randomly invited individuals (52% women) aged 50-64 years across six Swedish sites. We performed spirometry, DLCO, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and asked for smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC)<0.7.RESULTS: The overall prevalence was for CAL 8.8%, for impaired DLCO (DLCOCONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based study of middle-aged people, CAL and impaired DLCO were associated with common respiratory symptoms. Self-reported asthma was not associated with CAL in never-smokers. Our findings suggest that CAL in never-smokers signifies a separate clinical phenotype that may be monitored and, possibly, treated differently from smoking-related COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Kjell
(författare)
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Tätare uppdateringar behövs av riktlinjer vid astma och KOL
- 2020
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 117
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rekommendationer för omhändertagande vid astma och kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) uppdateras av Läkemedelsverket cirka vart sjunde år och ligger till grund för diagnostik och behandling framför allt i primärvården. Internationella riktlinjer för omhändertagande av astma (Global initiative for asthma, GINA) och KOL (Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, GOLD) uppdateras årligen för att ny kunskap om behandling snabbt ska nå patienterna.De långa intervallen mellan uppdateringarna innebär att rekommendationerna hinner bli inaktuella innan nästa version publiceras, och Sverige hamnar i otakt med internationella riktlinjer. Farmakologisk behandling uppdateras av regionala läkemedelskommittéer, men rekommendationerna skiljer sig i olika delar av landet och stäms ofta inte av mot internationella riktlinjer, vilket leder till ojämlik behandling över landet. Läkemedelsverkets kunskapsstöd Läkemedelsboken innehöll ett kapitel om astma och KOL där man vid behov kunde uppdatera riktlinjer för primärvården, men detta stöd har lagts ned.Vid astma rekommenderar riktlinjerna kortverkande beta-2-agonister vid behov som enda behandling vid lindrig astma (steg 1) samt som tillägg till underhållsbehandling vid svårare sjukdom vid symtomgenombrott [1]. Som alternativ vid svårare astma (steg 3–5) rekommenderas inhalationssteroider i fast kombination med formoterol (steroid + formoterol) vid behov i stället för kortverkande b2-agonister [1]. Vid lindrig astma ger steroid + formoterol vid behov som enda behandling bättre resultat än endast kortverkande beta-2-agonister vid behov [2-5]. Vidare har steroid + formoterol (inhalerat vid behov) lika god exacerbationsförebyggande effekt som regelbunden behandling med inhalationssteroider och kortverkande beta-2-agonister vid behov trots en betydligt lägre kortisonbelastning [3, 5].I juni 2019 uppdaterades GINA:s astmarekommendationer genomgripande [6]. Här rekommenderas steroid + formoterol vid behov vid alla svårighetsgrader av astma. Kortverkande beta-2-agonister (salbutamol, terbutalin) vid behov är struket som förstahandsalternativ. Data indikerar att endast kortverkande beta-2-agonister vid behov faktiskt ökar risken för svåra exacerbationer och astmarelaterad mortalitet. Genom tillägg av inhalationssteroid till en snabb- och långverkande beta-2-agonist reduceras risken signifikant [6]. Vidare rekommenderas steroid + formoterol vid behov som alternativ till regelbunden behandling med inhalationssteroider på steg 2. Riktlinjerna har redan godkänts i flera länder.Vid KOL-behandling är två viktiga mål att lindra symtom och förebygga exacerbationer. Basbehandlingen för att uppnå detta är långverkande antikolinergika. Tillägg av långverkande beta-2-agonist till långverkande antikolinergika ger ytterligare god effekt på symtom, men en mer blygsam tilläggseffekt på exacerbationer [8]. Vid KOL ges inhalationssteroid i syfte att förebygga exacerbation. Hög nivå av eosinofiler i blod förekommer ofta vid KOL. Nyare forskning visar att blodeosinofili varierar hos patienter med KOL. Inhalationssteroider förebygger exacerbationer mer effektivt hos KOL-patienter med eosinofili, och blodeosinofili kan vägleda den förebyggande behandlingen [9-12]. Kontroll av eosinofiler i blod förespråkas i det senaste GOLD-dokumentet inför val av terapi och nydiagnostiserad KOL. Vid KOL och samtidig eosinofili anges inhalationssteroid + långverkande beta-2-agonist som tänkbart förstahandsalternativ i förebyggande syfte [13].Vi anser att behandling av patienter med astma och/eller KOL i Sverige ska baseras på rekommendationer från Läkemedelverket och att de senaste landvinningarna inom området måste återfinnas i riktlinjerna. Läkemedelsverket bör uppdatera riktlinjerna kontinuerligt, helst årligen. Detta kan göras av en mindre grupp experter genom en begränsad arbetsinsats till låg kostnad. Potentiella bindningar eller jävsförhållanden: Samtliga författare har deltagit i expertgrupp och/eller föreläst/haft utbildningsuppdrag hos företag som verkar inom området.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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2014 års Ekonomipris till Jean Tirole
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; :8, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Persson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Tendenser och trender i tidskriften Vattens artiklar under 75 år
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 75:1, s. 7-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Journal of Water Management and Research (Vatten) celebrates 2019 its 75th anniversary with a special issue, republishing one article per decade from 1940 to 2010. In the present article, we summarize the development of Swedish water research and management based upon the material published in the journal. We read all issues of the journal, noting important trends, percentage of female authors etc. In total, 2015 articles have been published over 20,600 pages, written by 3,309 authors. During the first decades of the journal history, articles mainly dealt with pollution issues, manifested in, e.g., poor bathing water quality. During the 1950s and 1960s many papers described the expanding municipal waste water treatment with international outlooks, getting inspiration mainly from Germany. Acidification was a hot topic during the 70s and 80s. At the same time articles concerning storm water started to show up and subsequently increased in frequency. During the 90s and 00s wetlands gained popularity, which decreased again in the 10s. The first article on climate change was published already in 1987, but this topic did not become frequent until the 10s.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlström, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Similarities and differences between China and Sweden regarding the core features of palliative care for people aged 60 or older : a systematic scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Palliative Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-684X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing longevity of the world's population, with an unprecedented rise in the number of people who need palliative care (PC), there has been sparse research regarding palliative care for older people, especially when it comes to comparison of PC between healthcare systems and cultures. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify the characteristics of the body of literature and to examine the knowledge gaps concerning PC research for older people (> 60 years) in two healthcare systems and cultures, mainland China and Sweden.METHODS: The guidelines PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews), and PICOS (Patient/population, Intervention, Comparison/control, and Outcome) were used. Empirical studies on patients 60 years or older, next of kin or staff participating in a palliative care intervention or setting were included. They were conducted in mainland China or in Sweden during 2007-2019, were published in English and were extracted from seven databases: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and Cochrane Library. Two independent researchers conducted the selection of studies, data extraction and methodological evaluation. Any disagreements were resolved in consultation with a third researcher. The analysis was manifest directed content analysis based on PICOS domains.RESULTS: Of the 15 studies, four were from mainland China and 11 from Sweden. Both countries included older patients with cancer but also other end-stage diseases such as heart failure and dementia. The studies differed in design, method and the content of the interventions. The study in China based on traditional Chinese medicine concerns traditional Chinese folk music. The six qualitative studies from Sweden were evaluations of five interventions.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high age of the participating patients, there was no focus on an ageing perspective concerning palliative care. To adapt to the changes taking place in most societies, future research should have increased focus on older persons' need for palliative care and should take account of issues concerning research ethics, ethnicity and culture.REGISTERED IN PROSPERO: CRD42020078685 , available from.
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| 9. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
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