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- Causevic, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors for transactional sex among Swedish-born and foreign-born MSM in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about transactional sex (TS) (selling and buying sex) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sweden, especially among foreign-born MSM. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of TS (ever and in the previous five years) among MSM living in Sweden and to determine if there is a difference between Swedish-born MSM and foreign-born MSM.Methods: Swedish data from a multicountry online banner survey (EMIS-2017) was used (n = 4443). Multivariable regression analysis was applied to analyse the data.Results: The prevalence of ever-selling sex among all MSM participants was 13.2% and 5.9% in the previous five years. Selling sex ever and in the previous five years was higher among foreign-born MSM (16% and 8.4%, respectively) than Swedish-born MSM (12.7% and 5.4%, respectively). Among all participants, younger age (aOR:3.19, 95% CI:1.57-6.45) and really struggling to live on current income (aOR:3.37, 95% CI:2.29-4.96) increased the odds of selling sex. Being foreign-born MSM (aOR:1.33, 95% CI:1.02-1.73) and having had sex with a woman in the previous 12 months increased the odds of selling sex (aOR:1.44, 95% CI:1.00-2.07). The prevalence of ever buying sex among MSM participants in Sweden was 10.8% and 6.7% in the previous five years, with the same trend among foreign-born MSM (11.6% and 6.9%, respectively) and Swedish-born MSM (10.7% and 6.6%, respectively). Higher education and not having a current partner increased the odds of buying sex. Younger age was protective for buying sex (aOR:0.05, 95% CI:0.02-0.14). Among the foreign-born MSM, the length of stay in Sweden decreased the odds of buying sex (aOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99).Conclusions: The comparatively high prevalence of TS among MSM participants in Sweden, where buying sex is illegal, with a higher prevalence among foreign-born MSM participants, calls for sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions in this population. Increased attention, including HIV prevention programming and education, should be aimed at younger MSM, MSM struggling with their current income, and foreign-born MSM, as they are more likely to report selling sex.
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- Davies, Anna C., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural and Physiological Effects of Finely Balanced Decision-Making in Chickens
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:10, s. e108809-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In humans, more difficult decisions result in behavioural and physiological changes suggestive of increased arousal, butlittle is known about the effect of decision difficulty in other species. A difficult decision can have a number ofcharacteristics; we aimed to monitor how finely balanced decisions, compared to unbalanced ones, affected the behaviourand physiology of chickens. An unbalanced decision was one in which the two options were of unequal net value (1 (Q1) vs.6 (Q6) pieces of sweetcorn with no cost associated with either option); a finely balanced decision was one in which theoptions were of equal net value (i.e. hens were "indifferent" to both options). To identify hens’ indifference, a titrationprocedure was used in which a cost (electromagnetic weight on an access door) was applied to the Q6 option, to find theindividual point at which hens chose this option approximately equally to Q1 via a non-weighted door. We then comparedbehavioural and physiological indicators of arousal (head movements, latency to choose, heart-rate variability and surfacebody temperature) when chickens made decisions that were unbalanced or finely balanced. Significant physiological (heartratevariability) and behavioural (latency to pen) differences were found between the finely balanced and balancedconditions, but these were likely to be artefacts of the greater time and effort required to push through the weighted doors.No other behavioural and physiological measures were significantly different between the decision categories. We suggestthat more information is needed on when best to monitor likely changes in arousal during decision-making and that futurestudies should consider decisions defined as difficult in other ways.
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| 5. |
- Dereniowski, Dariusz, et al.
(författare)
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Clearing directed subgraphs by mobile agents Variations on covering with paths
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of computer and system sciences (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-0000 .- 1090-2724. ; 102, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study several problems of clearing subgraphs by mobile agents in digraphs. The agents can move only along directed walks of a digraph and, depending on the variant, their initial positions may be pre-specified. In general, for a given subset S of vertices of a digraph D and a positive integer k, the objective is to determine whether there is a subgraph H = (V-H, A(H)) of D such that (a) S subset of V-H, (b) H is the union of k directed walks in D, and (c) the underlying graph of H includes a Steiner tree for S in D. Since a directed walk is a not necessarily a simple directed path, the problem is actually on covering with paths. We provide several results on the polynomial time tractability, hardness, and parameterized complexity of the problem. Our main fixed-parameter algorithm is randomized. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Dereniowski, Dariusz, et al.
(författare)
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The Snow Team Problem
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fundamentals of Computation Theory. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662557501 - 9783662557518 ; , s. 190-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study several problems of clearing subgraphs by mobile agents in digraphs. The agents can move only along directed walks of a digraph and, depending on the variant, their initial positions may be pre-specified. In general, for a given subset � of vertices of a digraph D and a positive integer k, the objective is to determine whether there is a subgraph �=(��,��) of D such that (a) �⊆��, (b) H is the union of k directed walks in D, and (c) the underlying graph of H includes a Steiner tree for �. We provide several results on parameterized complexity and hardness of the problems.
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| 7. |
- Dereniowski, Dariusz, et al.
(författare)
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The snow team problem : (Clearing Directed subgraphs by mobile agents)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fundamentals of Computation Theory - 21st International Symposium, FCT 2017, Proceedings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783662557501 ; 10472 LNCS, s. 190-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study several problems of clearing subgraphs by mobile agents in digraphs. The agents can move only along directed walks of a digraph and, depending on the variant, their initial positions may be pre-specified. In general, for a given subset S of vertices of a digraph D and a positive integer k, the objective is to determine whether there is a subgraph H = (VH, AH) of D such that (a) S ⊆ VH, (b) H is the union of k directed walks in D, and (c) the underlying graph of H includes a Steiner tree for S. We provide several results on parameterized complexity and hardness of the problems.
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- Dessmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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On the approximability of maximum and minimum edge clique partition problems
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science. - 0129-0541. ; 18:2, s. 217-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the following clustering problems: given an undirected graph, partition its vertices into disjoint clusters such that each cluster forms a clique and the number of edges within the clusters is maximized (Max-ECP), or the number of edges between clusters is minimized (Min-ECP). These problems arise naturally in the DNA clone classification. We investigate the hardness of finding such partitions and provide approximation algorithms. Further, we show that greedy strategies yield constant factor approximations for graph classes for which maximum cliques can be found efficiently.
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| 9. |
- Dessmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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On the approximability of maximum and minimum edge clique partition problems
- 2006
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Ingår i: Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series. - 1920682333 ; 168, s. 101-105
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the following clustering problems: given a general undirected graph, partition its vertices into disjoint clusters such that each cluster forms a clique and the number of edges within the clusters is maximized (Max-ECP), or the number of edges between clusters is minimized (Min-ECP). These problems arise naturally in the DNA clone classification. We investigate the hardness of finding such partitions and provide approximation algorithms. Further, we show that greedy strategies yield constant factor approxi mations for graph classes for which maximum cliques can be found efficiently.
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| 10. |
- Elfwing, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Early stress causes sex-specific, life-long changes in behaviour, levels of gonadal hormones, and gene expression in chickens
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early stress can have long-lasting phenotypic effects. Previous research shows that male and female chickens differ in many behavioural aspects, and respond differently to chronic stress. The present experiment aimed to broadly characterize long-term sex differences in responses to brief events of stress experienced during the first weeks of life. Chicks from a commercial egg-laying hybrid were exposed to stress by inducing periods of social isolation during their first three weeks of life, followed by a broad behavioural, physiological and genomic characterization throughout life. Early stressed males, but not females, where more anxious in an open field-test, stayed shorter in tonic immobility and tended to have delayed sexual maturity, as shown by a tendency for lower levels of testosterone compared to controls. While early stressed females did not differ from non-stressed in fear and sexual maturation, they were more socially dominant than controls. The differential gene expression profile in hypothalamus was significantly correlated from 28 to 213 days of age in males, but not in females. In conclusion, early stress had a more pronounced long-term effect on male than on female chickens, as evidenced by behavioral, endocrine and genomic responses. This may either be attributed to inherent sex differences due to evolutionary causes, or possibly to different stress related selection pressures on the two sexes during commercial chicken breeding.
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