| 1. |
- Dobsicek Trefna, Hana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of an UWB antenna for hyperthermia array applicator
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012. Prague, 26-30 March 2012.. - 9781457709180 ; , s. 1046 - 1048
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designs of three UWB antennas and their suitability to be used as a basis antenna element in the hyperthermia applicator for the treatment of tumors in head and neck region are considered. The antennas with reflection coefficient less than -10 dB at frequency range 350 MHz to 1 GHz are immersed in water bolus. The evaluation of the SAR distributions was carried out by comparing the different cross-sections of muscle equivalent phantom. Numerical simulations were performed in CST Microwave studio and verified experimentally via measurements of S-parameters and SAR distributions in phantoms.
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| 2. |
- Fhager, Andreas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave Technology in Medical Diagnostics and Treatment
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 Ieee Mtt-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Rf and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications. - New York : Ieee. - 9781479985432 ; , s. 133-134
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a great need for novel diagnostics and treatment tools in today's healthcare. In this paper we describe our development and progress in novel microwave based diagnostics and treatment applications. The target applications are stroke diagnostics, breast cancer detection and microwave hyperthermia.
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| 3. |
- Fhager, Andreas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in clinical diagnostics and treatment with electromagnetic fields
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011. Rome, 11-15 April 2011. - 9788882020743 ; , s. 1936-1937
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for novel diagnostic and treatment systems to overcome the limitations with todays modalities. Microwave and THz based system has the potential to become both sensitive and specific in several applications. In this paper we discuss several applications that are currently being developed at the Chalmers University of Technology.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave based diagnostics and treatment in practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications, IMWS-BIO 2013 - Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, around 15 million people each year suffer a stroke. Only a small fraction of stroke patients who could benefit from thrombolytic treatment reach diagnosis and treatment in time. To increase this low figure we have developed microwave technology aiming to differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke patients. The standard method for breast cancer diagnosis today is X-ray mammography. Despite its recognized ability to detect tumors it suffers from some limitations. Neither the false positive nor the false negative detection rates are negligible. An interesting alternative being researched extensively today is microwave tomography. In our current strive to develop a clinical prototype we have found that the most suitable design consists of an antenna array placed in a full 3D pattern. During the last decade clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of microwave hyperthermia to dramatically enhance cancer patient survival. The fundamental challenge is to adequately heat deep-seated tumors while preventing surrounding healthy tissue from undesired heating and damage. We are specifically addressing the challenge to deliver power levels with spatial control, patient treatment planning, and noninvasive temperature measurements. © 2013 IEEE.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave-Based Stroke Diagnosis Making Global Prehospital Thrombolytic Treatment Possible
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9294 .- 1558-2531. ; 61:11, s. 2806-2817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we present two different brain diagnostic devices based on microwave technology and the associated two first proof-of-principle measurements that show that the systems can differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke in acute stroke patients, as well as differentiate hemorrhagic patients from healthy volunteers. The system was based on microwave scattering measurements with an antenna system worn on the head. Measurement data were analyzed with a machine-learning algorithm that is based on training using data from patients with a known condition. Computer tomography images were used as reference. The detection methodology was evaluated with the leave-one-out validation method combined with a Monte Carlo-based bootstrap step. The clinical motivation for this project is that ischemic stroke patients may receive acute thrombolytic treatment at hospitals, dramatically reducing or abolishing symptoms. A microwave system is suitable for prehospital use, and therefore has the potential to allow significantly earlier diagnosis and treatment than today.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Lactate contributes to ammonia-mediated astroglial dysfunction during hyperammonemia.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurochemical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6903 .- 0364-3190. ; 34:3, s. 556-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though ammonia is considered to underlie nervous system symptoms of dysfunction during hyperammonemia, lactate, which increases as a metabolic consequence of high ammonia levels, might also be a contributing factor. The data presented here show that NH4Cl (5 mM) mediates astroglial cell swelling, and that treatment with NH4Cl or lactate (25 mM) causes rearrangements of actin filaments and reduces astroglial glutamate uptake capacity. Co-application with BaCl2, which blocks astroglial uptake of NH4+, prevents NH4Cl-mediated cell swelling and rearrangement of actin filaments, but does not reduce NH4Cl-induced glutamate uptake capacity inhibition. Neither NH4Cl nor lactate affected glutamate uptake or protein expression in microglial cultures, indicating that astroglial cells are more susceptible to the neurotoxic affects of ammonia. Our results suggest that ammonium underlies brain edema, but that lactate can contribute to some of the cellular dysfunctions associated with elevated cerebral levels of ammonia.
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| 7. |
- Aramrattana, Maytheewat, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Remote Driving Operation (REDO) project : final report
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents experimental setups and findings from the REDO project, which had been conducted between December 2019 and February 2023. Five main topics are covered in this report: 1) Effects of latency and field-of-view on driving performance; 2) Remote driving feedback and control; 3) Connectivity and mobile network support for remote driving; 4) Video transmission for remote driving; and 5) Laws and regulations concerning remote driving. Contents of this report dives into technical details and findings within each topic. Nevertheless, this report does not intend to repeat all detail and results published in scientific publications, and thus this report should be seen as complementary material to the published results.
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Ulrika, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Primary cultures from cerebral cortex and hippocampus enriched in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurochemical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6903 .- 0364-3190. ; 35:11, s. 1733-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to define a primary culture system enriched in neurons using a defined culture medium, and characterize the model system as to cellular morphology and neuronal phenotypes. We found that these primary neuron enriched cultures from either newborn rat cerebral cortex or hippocampus contain small GABAergic and large glutamatergic neurons as well as astrocytes and microglia. Astrocytes in these cultures are morphologically differentiated with long, slender processes and interact with soluble factors responsible for induction and expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1. The cultures achieve the highest expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and GLT-1 after 20 days in vitro. Conditioned media from these neuron enriched cultures also induced GLT-1 expression in primary astrocytic cultures, which were free from neurons. The amount of glutamatergic neurons guides the morphological maturation of astrocytes and GLT-1 expression both in the neuron enriched cultures and in the conditioned media supplemented astrocytic cultures. Interestingly, these cultures were not influenced or activated by the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide. This suggests that soluble factors from neurons protect microglia and astrocytes to become inflammatory reactive. In conclusion we have developed a well characterized culture model system enriched in neurons, taken from newborn rats and cultured in defined media. The neurons express different neuronal phenotypes. Such a model system is valuable when studying interactions between neurons and glial cells.
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| 9. |
- Brinkmalm, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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An online nano-LC-ESI-FTICR-MS method for comprehensive characterization of endogenous fragments from amyloid β and amyloid precursor protein in human and cat cerebrospinal fluid.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. - : Wiley. - 1096-9888 .- 1076-5174. ; 47:5, s. 591-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor protein to amyloid β (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endogenous Aβ peptides reflect the APP processing, and greater knowledge of different APP degradation pathways is important to understand the mechanism underlying AD pathology. When one analyzes longer Aβ peptides by low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), mainly long b-fragments are observed, limiting the possibility to determine variations such as amino acid variants or post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the N-terminal half of the peptide. However, by using electron capture dissociation (ECD), we obtained a more comprehensive sequence coverage for several APP/Aβ peptide species, thus enabling a deeper characterization of possible variants and PTMs. Abnormal APP/Aβ processing has also been described in the lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C and the major large animal used for studying this disease is cat. By ECD MS/MS, a substitution of Asp7 → Glu in cat Aβ was identified. Further, sialylated core 1 like O-glycans at Tyr10, recently discovered in human Aβ (a previously unknown glycosylation type), were identified also in cat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is therefore likely that this unusual type of glycosylation is common for (at least) species belonging to the magnorder Boreoeutheria. We here describe a detailed characterization of endogenous APP/Aβ peptide species in CSF by using an online top-down MS-based method.
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| 10. |
- Cornelius Chukwu, Eugenia, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered Aldolases Catalyzing Stereoselective Aldol Reactions Between Aryl-Substituted Ketones and Aldehydes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Catalysis Science & Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An A129G/R134V/S166G triple mutant of fructose 6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) from Escherichia coli was further engineered with the goal to generate new enzyme variants capable of catalyzing aldol reactions between aryl substituted ketones and aldehydes. Residues L107 and L163 were subjected to saturation mutagenesis and the resulting library of FSA variants was screened for catalytic activity with 2-hydroxyacetophenone and phenylacetaldehyde as substrates. A selection of aldolase variants was identified that catalyze the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-diphenylbutanone. The most active enzyme variants contained an L163C substitution. An L107C/L163C variant was further tested for activity with substituted phenylacetaldehydes, and was shown to afford the production of the corresponding diphenyl substituted butanones with good diastereoselectivities (anti : syn dr of 10 to 30) and reasonable to good enantioselectivities of syn enantiomers (er of 5 to 25).
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