| 1. |
- Persson, Nils-Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of potassium O,O -Di(para-fluorophenyl) dithiophosphate on gold, silver, and copper
- 1999
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 15:23, s. 8161-8169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gold, silver, and copper substrates were immersed in aqueous solutions of a simulant mineral flotation agent, potassium O,O-di(para-fluorophenyl) dithiophosphate. The adsorbed molecules on gold were studied in detail with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and ellipsometry. The most significant peaks in the IRAS spectra were assigned to the appropriate molecular vibrations and their relative intensities were compared with those found in simulated spectra derived from the isotropic optical constants of corresponding metal salts to deduce the binding and orientation. Moreover, intensity ratios of XPS signals were compared at different takeoff angles to reveal the depth distribution of atoms in the dithiophosphate layers. The following modes of adsorption were deduced: The adsorption on gold takes place by the formation of bonds involving the two sulfur atoms of the flotation agent (bridging coordination), regardless of immersion time and solution concentration. A thin and less organized layer is formed at low exposures. Longer adsorption times with more concentrated solutions give a more dense molecular packing and vertical orientation of the molecules on the surface. Adsorption on silver and copper was studied by IRAS. The adsorption proceeded via a dissolution-precipitation mechanism that manifests itself by less pronounced orientation effects. The intensities of the silver and copper IRAS spectra after long immersion times in concentrated solutions also show the formation of multilayers with some persisting long-range molecular ordering.
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| 2. |
- Ghatnekar, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Direct hospital resource utilization and costs of treating patients with multiple myeloma in Southwest Sweden: a 5-year retrospective analysis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Therapeutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-2918. ; 30:9, s. 1704-1713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Approximately 570 patients are diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) in Sweden each year. Few studies have estimated the cost of treatment for these patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the direct hospital resource utilization and costs associated with the treatment of patients with MM in southwest Sweden. METHODS: Patients aged > or =18 years who initiated first-line chemotherapy in the year 2001 at hospitals in southwestern Sweden were included in this retrospective chart review. Direct hospital-based resources and their corresponding costs (year-2006 euros) for each patient were calculated until the patient's death, or until December 31, 2005. Costs for outpatient and terminal stage care related to MM were not included. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were included; 20 were still alive at study completion. Mean age at diagnosis was 76 years and patients were followed for a mean of 32.7 months; 55% were males and 74% had at least 1 comorbidity. First-, second-, and third-line treatment lasted a mean of 24.3, 5.8, and 2.6 months, and included 2.8, 2.6, and 3.1 chemotherapy drugs per patient, respectively. Of the 80 patients who received first-line chemotherapy, 72 were prescribed melphalan and 55 patients received a combination of melphalan and prednisone, as recommended by Swedish treatment guidelines. The mean total cost per patient was euro88,199, or euro2770 per patient-month. Therapy-induced and comorbidity-related events constituted 42% of total costs, as much as autologous stem-cell transplantation and inpatient care together. Chemotherapy, bisphosphonate, and blood cell-enhancement drugs each amounted to only 2% of total costs, but chemotherapy drugs increased from euro29/month in first-line therapy to euro453/month in third-line therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The cost of treating Swedish patients with MM varied greatly between individuals but, overall, chemotherapy drugs constituted only a minor part of the total monthly cost (2%), whereas costs for inpatient stays and therapy-induced adverse events or comorbidity-related events accounted for 35% and42%, respectively. There was no significant differencein monthly cost between treatment lines.
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| 3. |
- Hamnerius, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing the skin exposure to diphenylguanidine in surgical gloves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 70:Suppl s1, s. 59-60
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: For health care personnelhandhygieneandwearing appropriate protective gloves are compulsory. We have noticed an increase of hand eczema caused by contact allergy from rubber chemicals such as diphenylguanidine (DPG) in synthetic rubber gloves used by surgeons and surgical nurses. The exposure time to surgical gloves as well as the number of gloves used per day vary. Furthermore surgery very often includes the use of skin disinfectants before glove donning. Objectives: Does the exposure time influence the amount of DPG released from the gloves? Does the exposure of skin disinfectants before glove donning influence the release of DPG? Methods: Using synthetic sweat, the amount of DPG released from the inside of the gloves at different timeswas measured by HPLC. The remaining extractable DPG was estimated by washing the inside of the gloves with ethanol (50% in water) for 10min. The amount of DPG found on the hands exposed to 3ml skin disinfectant allowed to dry prior to glove donning was compared to the amount found on unexposed hands. After wearing gloves for 60 min the handswerewashedwith ethanol and the amount of DPG recovered was analysed with HPLC. Results: After 10, 30, 60 and 180 min approximately 73%, 79%, 82%, 87% of the total amount of DPG was released. For all comparisons the amount of DPG released was higher on the hand exposed to disinfectants compared with the unexposed hand. Conclusions: A comparatively short exposure time to gloves (10min) implies a substantial exposure to DPG. Thus, repeated usage of glovesmight enhance skin exposure to this rubber chemical. Skin disinfectants does increase the amount of DPG released from the gloves. Thus, possibly the components of the disinfectant remaining on the skin or some othermechanism add to the exposure to DPG.
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| 4. |
- Hamnerius, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Skin exposure to the rubber accelerator diphenylguanidine in medical gloves—An experimental study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dermatitis caused by occupational contact allergy to rubber additives such as diphenylguanidine (DPG) in medical gloves is a hazard for healthcare workers. Both the duration of exposure to medical gloves and the number of gloves used per day vary. The use of alcoholic skin disinfectants before glove donning is mandatory. Objectives: To assess whether skin exposure to the rubber accelerator DPG released from glove material is influenced by alcoholic hand disinfectants, time, and pH. Methods: With the use of ethanol washes, the amount of DPG left on the hands after wearing of gloves for 60 minutes was measured, and comparisons between hands exposed and not exposed to alcoholic disinfectant before glove donning were made. With the use of artificial sweat buffered at pH 4, 5, and 6, DPG release from the insides of gloves at different times was measured. Results: The use of alcoholic disinfectant prior to polyisoprene glove donning increased the amount of DPG recovered from the hands. Of the DPG released from polyisoprene gloves into artificial sweat, almost 84% was released within 10 minutes. pH did not influence the rate of release. Conclusions: The use of alcoholic disinfectant increased skin exposure to the rubber accelerator DPG. Even a short duration of use of gloves results in substantial exposure to DPG.
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| 5. |
- Pontén, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by sterile non-latex protective gloves: clinical investigation and chemical analyses.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An increased frequency of occupational contact hand dermatitis among surgical operating theatre personnel has been noticed. Objectives To evaluate patients with occupational contact dermatitis caused by their rubber gloves, and to describe a method for analysing the content of the allergens in the gloves. Materials and methods Patch tests were performed with the baseline series, a rubber chemical series, and the patients' own gloves. A method for analysing 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and cetylpyridinium chloride in the gloves was developed. Results Contact allergy to thiuram mix was found in 8 of 16 patients, whereas 12 of 16 patients reacted to DPG. In 7 of 8 patients, contact allergy to cetylpyridinium chloride was found. In the patients' gloves, cetylpyridinium chloride and DPG were detected at higher concentrations on the inside of the gloves than on the outside. Most patients had worked for decades in their present occupations, but their hand dermatitis had only been present for months. Conclusion Contact allergy to DPG in gloves has been disputed, but, in this study, we were able to confirm the presence of DPG and cetylpyridinium chloride in the causative gloves by using a modified method for the analysis. The presence of these chemicals in gloves caused an increase in occupational contact dermatitis in surgical operating theatre personnel.
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| 6. |
- Sundström, N., et al.
(författare)
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Registration of surface structures using airborne focused ultrasound
- 1991
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-5629 .- 1879-291X. ; 17:5, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low-cost measuring system, based on a personal computer combined with standard equipment for complex measurements and signal processing, has been assembled. Such a system increases the possibilities for small hospitals and clinics to finance advanced measuring equipment. A description of equipment developed for airborne ultrasound together with a personal computer-based system for fast data acquisition and processing is given. Two air-adapted ultrasound transducers with high lateral resolution have been developed. Furthermore, a few results for fast and accurate estimation of signal arrival time are presented. The theoretical estimation models developed are applied to skin surface profile registrations
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