| 1. |
- Ivner, Jenny, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Fysisk planering och fjärrvärmeexpansion i praktiken : Förstudie om beslutsprocessen vid kommunal planering och fjärrvärmeexpansion i nyexploaterade områden
- 2009
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This report presents a pre-study with the aim to map today’s practice when it comes to the connection between district heating expansion and municipal spatial planning. The project was financed by the Swedish District Heating Association and the Swedish Energy Agency and was part of the research programme Fjärrsyn. A reference group consisting of three representatives from the district heating industry followed the progress of the project. The empirical studies were performed in two parts: one brief study and one deeper study. In the first part representatives from 55 Swedish local authorities were interviewed with the aim to map whether they had planned for new development areas in the last five years and, if so, whether the areas were connected to district heating. Based on the results from the first part six of the municipalities were chosen for a deeper study. The aim of the deeper study was to map the process from spatial planning to connection of new areas to district heating, and to identify barriers and drivers for such district heating expansion. Three respondents were interviewed from each municipality; a planner, an energy advisor and a representative from the district heating company. Results from the first part showed that most municipalities (90%) that had planned for new developments in the last five years also possessed at least one area that was connected to district heating. The main reason for not connecting new areas was low profitability because of large distances and low heat demand. Also the deeper study indicated low profitability as the main reason for not connecting newly developed areas to district heating. Two other observations were made in the deeper study: Dialogue between district heating companies and local authorities is often sparse There are probably knowledge gaps and lack of understanding between spatial planners and district heating companies Empirical evidence from this study shows that the role of the district heating company in the planning process is often limited to calculating whether district heating expansion is economically feasible. There was however one exception to this general observation: in one municipality there is an ongoing dialogue with frequent meetings between representatives from the district heating company and the local authority. One reason for the sparse dialogue between planners and the district heating company can be the different professional cultures and different goals for the organisations. Another reason could be lack of knowledge about how spatial planning affects the conditions for district heating. More frequent dialogue between local authorities and district heating companies could improve the conditions for district heating in new developments. This dialogue should ideally start at the strategic level within municipal energy planning and overall planning. The dialogue should thereafter continue throughout the municipal planning process. Also broader cooperation between district hearing companies and local authorities could facilitate district heating expansion. Cooperation helps building common visions for the future local energy system, which in turn may also reduce vulnerability of joint projects. Based on the results from this pre-study, four new research projects were developed. One proposed project builds on the observation of the sparse dialogue between district heating companies and local authorities. Issues to be explored could be: What potential gains are there in broad cooperation between district heating companies and local authorities?
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| 2. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-
(författare)
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Collaborative development of resource efficient district heating in Sweden
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increased recovery of excess heat from industrial processes and thermal power generation could significantly reduce energy demands. Industrial excess heat-based district heating systems are generally considered resource efficient because they reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emissions of greenhouse gases. In addition, collaborating actors can gain financial benefits.In Sweden, although collaboration around heat supply has increased recently, the amount of excess heat that is utilized is low compared to the amount created by industrial processes. Using excess-heat recovery in district heating grids is currently one of the most cost-effective ways of providing additional heat to district heating systems.Expansion and new construction of district heating systems in new residential areas can be seen as an opportunity to further use industrial excess heat. Sweden’s local authorities can influence the development of energy systems used for new residential developments. Increased knowledge about how collaborations evolve could be used to develop strategies that could encourage the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating.This licentiate thesis examines the role of organisational collaboration when it comes to the emergence of resource efficient district heating. The thesis summarises results from three articles and investigates the preconditions for, drivers behind, and barriers to the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating in Sweden. These investigations focus on both the district heating companies’ and industries’ points of view. The thesis also discusses how Swedish spatial planning practice could improve the conditions for resource efficient district heating.Important preconditions for excess-heat collaborations to develop, from the actors’ points of view, are mainly financial. However, relationships based on trust, honesty, shared goals, information transfer, and joint problem solving are also necessary for such collaborations to evolve and develop into long-term successful excess-heat collaborations. These features are also important when it comes to the decision-making process, because knowledge gained through the participation of stakeholders is required to understand common goals and objectives and to put these into practice.As for the development of new excess heat-based district heating systems, results show that the district heating companies generally participate late in the spatial planning process. An earlier dialogue between local authority planners and district heating companies could facilitate the emergence and development of new excess heat-based district heating systems. Furthermore, to facilitate the use of excess heat-based systems, planning should also take into account any nearby industry that produces excess heat. In addition, investment subsidies could encourage the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating and provide long-term environmental benefits for collaborating actors as well as for society at large.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of excess heat-based district heating : A case study of the development of excess heat-based district heating in two Swedish communities
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article identifies and elaborates on preconditions, drivers and barriers behind the development of excess heat based systems of district heating in Sweden. Industrial excess heat based district heating systems are considered generally resource-efficient since it could reduce the use of fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases by saving primary energy for district heating companies supplying heat to their heating customers. An increased recovery of excess heat from industrial processes and thermal power generation has great potential to reduce primary energy demands.Collaboration around heat supply is relatively rare. There is an increase but still, the increase is low compared to the supply of excess heat from the industrial processes within the country. Increased knowledge of the important aspects necessary for the collaborations to evolve could mean greater opportunities to facilitate the development of excess heat based systems of district heating.The aim of the study is to investigate important preconditions behind the development of excess heat based systems of district heating. It includes two existing cases of excess heat-based district heating systems in two different Swedish communities. The results are analyzed based on previous findings of the emergence and development of industrial collaborations within the research field of Industrial Symbiosis (IS).The results from the study show that relations based on; trust, honesty, shared visions on common goals, information transfer and joint problem solving are necessary for these collaborations to develop.These features are also important when it comes to the decision making process. This since knowledge through participation from relevant stakeholders within the collaboration is required to understand and translate the common goals and objectives into practice.In addition, we argue that investment subsidies are important for the future development of excess heat based systems of district heating, as a way to facilitate and encourage the long-time environmental benefits for the parties involved as well as the society at large.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Industry's Perspective on Preconditions, Drivers and Barriers behind Excess Het Supply Collaborations with the District heating sector
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article identifies and examines the preconditions, drivers, and barriers associated with collaborative efforts to funnel excess heat produced by industry into district heating grids in Sweden. Large energy-intensive manufacturing industries generating large amounts of excess heat could use this otherwise-wasted industrial excess heat in systems of district heating. Using excess heat recovery in district heating grids is currently one of the most cost effective ways of providing additional heat to district heating systems. This study examines what is required for industries with excess heat production to collaborate with the district heating sector. Specifically, we analyse the preconditions behind the development of successful heat supply collaborations from an Industrial Symbiosis (IS) perspective by examine 16 industries that all produce excess heat as a by-product that is not externally used. For the industries to be willing to enter excess heat collaboration with the district heating sector, we found that the important preconditions are mainly financial. However, we also found that there are certain organizational issues, such as relationships based on trust and personal ties that play an important role in the development of long-term successful excess heat collaborations between companies or other organizations and the district heating sector.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Preconditions, Drivers and Barriers behind the Development of Excess Heat-Based Systems for District heating
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article identifies and elaborates on the preconditions, drivers, and barriers behind the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating in Sweden. Industrial excess heat-based district heating systems are generally considered resource-efficient because they reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emissions of greenhouse gases. An increased recovery of excess heat from industrial processes and thermal power generation could significantly reduce primary energy demands.Although collaboration around heat supply in Sweden has increased, the utilization is low compared to the supply of excess heat produced as the result of industrial processes. Increased knowledge about how collaborations evolve could mean greater opportunities for the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating.The study includes two Swedish cases of excess heat-based district heating systems. Using approaches developed within Industrial Symbiosis (IS), we analyse how industrial collaborations with respect to excess heat-based systems emerge and develop. For these collaborations to develop, relationships based on trust, honesty, shared goals, information transfer, and joint problem solving were necessary. These features are also important when it comes to the decision making process because knowledge gained through the participation of stakeholders is required to understand common goals and objectives and to translate them into practice. The organisational features are also important in order to overcome financial and technical barriers to such collaboration.In addition, we argue that investment subsidies can encourage the development of excess heat-based systems for district heating and can provide long-term environmental benefits for industry as well as for society at large.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial planning as a tool to facilitate district heating expansion
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the importance of strategic spatial planning associated with the existence and development of district heating. Within the planning of new residential developments in Sweden, local authorities have the authority to influence the future development of the energy systems. The aim of this study is two-fold: to examine whether and how district heating issues are addressed in municipal spatial planning of new residential areas and to discuss how Swedish planning legislation can improve the conditions for resource efficient district heating. The study includes an investigation of the planning process in six Swedish municipalities. The results show that the district heating companies generally participate late in the planning process. This delay means that important information often fails to be exchanged between the local authorities and the district heating companies, a lack of communication that undermines a widened systemic approach and long-term planning which are important preconditions for effective decision-making.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering Industrial Symbiosis in Sweden : -exploring a possible approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: WREC 2011. ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial Ecology(IE) is a relatively new field that is based on the ideology of nature. IE uses nature as a “reference” to study resource productivity and environmental burdens of industrial and consumer products and their production and consumption systems. Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is a subset of Industrial Ecology with a particular focus on cyclical flows of resources through networks of businesses. One definition is that IS “engages traditionally separate businesses in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water and/or byproducts. “The keys to IS are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity” [1]. This paper presents a methodology that aims at developing a method for uncovering IS in the Swedish energy sector. The method is exemplified by district heating and consists of data collection of the occurring resource and energy flows to and from district heating plants in three different Swedish regions. The results show that the method presented in this article can be used in future and more comprehensive "uncovering" studies. The material from a broader, nationwide study is expected to make it possible to develop tools to facilitate the conditions for IS to be developed.
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