| 1. |
- Tanevska, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive HRI II : Equity and Diversity in Design, Application, Methods, and Community
- 2023
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Ingår i: HRI '23. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450399708 ; , s. 956-958
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI) are critical factors that need to be considered when developing AI and robotic technologies for people. The lack of such considerations exacerbates and can also perpetuate existing forms of discrimination and biases in society for years to come. Although concerns have already been voiced around the globe, there is an urgent need to take action within the human-robot interaction (HRI) community. This workshop contributes to filling the gap by providing a platform in which to share experiences and research insights on identifying, addressing, and integrating DEI considerations in HRI. With respect to last year, this year the workshop will further engage participants on the problem of sampling biases through hands-on co-design activities for mitigating inequity and exclusion within the field of HRI.
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| 2. |
- Calvo Barajas, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Can a social robot be persuasive without losing children's trust?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, HRI 2020. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450370578 ; , s. 157-159
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social robots can be used to motivate children to engage in learning activities in education. In such contexts, they might need to persuade children to achieve specific learning goals. We conducted an exploratory study with 42 children in a museum setting. Children were asked to play an interactive storytelling game on a touchscreen. A Furhat robot guided them through the steps of creating the character of a story in two conditions. In one condition, the robot tried to influence children's choices using high-controlling language. In the other, the robot left children free to choose and used a low-controlling language. Participants in the persuasive condition generally followed the indications of the robot. Interestingly, the use of high-controlling language did not affect children's perceived trust towards the robot. We discuss the important implications that these results may have when designing children-robot interactions.
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| 3. |
- Calvo Barajas, Natalia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Hurry Up, We Need to Find the Key! How Regulatory Focus Design Affects Children's Trust in a Social Robot
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Robotics and AI. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In educational scenarios involving social robots, understanding the way robot behaviors affect children's motivation to achieve their learning goals is of vital importance. It is crucial for the formation of a trust relationship between the child and the robot so that the robot can effectively fulfill its role as a learning companion. In this study, we investigate the effect of a regulatory focus design scenario on the way children interact with a social robot. Regulatory focus theory is a type of self-regulation that involves specific strategies in pursuit of goals. It provides insights into how a person achieves a particular goal, either through a strategy focused on "promotion" that aims to achieve positive outcomes or through one focused on "prevention" that aims to avoid negative outcomes. In a user study, 69 children (7-9 years old) played a regulatory focus design goal-oriented collaborative game with the EMYS robot. We assessed children's perception of likability and competence and their trust in the robot, as well as their willingness to follow the robot's suggestions when pursuing a goal. Results showed that children perceived the prevention-focused robot as being more likable than the promotion-focused robot. We observed that a regulatory focus design did not directly affect trust. However, the perception of likability and competence was positively correlated with children's trust but negatively correlated with children's acceptance of the robot's suggestions.
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| 4. |
- Calvo Barajas, Natalia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Motivational Strategies and Goal Attainment on Children’s Trust in a Virtual Social Robot : A Pilot Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Interaction Design and Children. - New York, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450384520 ; , s. 537-541
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the way different robot’s strategies affect children’s perceptions of social robots is crucial for a trustworthy child-robot relationship. This paper presents a preliminary study on whether motivational strategies based on Regulatory Focus Theory and goal attainment affect children’s perception of a virtual social robot when solving a task. The ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) is altering the way we perform research. Hence, we designed a fully autonomous game with a virtual social robot. In an online user study, 25 children (8 to 17 years old) played a regulatory focus goal-oriented game with a virtual child-like version of the Furhat robot. We evaluated children’s perceptions of the robot’s social trust, competency trust, and likability. Also, we assessed the children’s affective state (valence and arousal) before and after playing the game. Our preliminary results show that in the prevention condition, fulfilling the goal elicited less happiness in children. Surprisingly, we observed a trend increase in the social and competency trust elicited by the virtual robot when children were prevented from fulfilling the goal of the task. We discuss the results and the effects of online setups on conducting user studies with children.
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| 5. |
- Calvo-Barajas, Natalia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Robot’s Facial Expressions on Children’s First Impressions of Trustworthiness
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). - : IEEE Press. - 9781728160757 ; , s. 165-171
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Facial expressions of emotions influence the perception of robots in first encounters. People can judge trustworthiness, likability, and aggressiveness in a few milliseconds by simply observing other individuals' faces. While first impressions have been extensively studied in adult-robot interaction, they have been addressed in child-robot interaction only rarely. This knowledge is crucial, as the first impression children build of robots might influence their willingness to interact with them over extended periods of time, for example in applications where robots play the role of companions or tutors. The present study focuses on investigating the effects of facial expressions of emotions on children's perceptions of trust towards robots during first encounters. We constructed a set of facial expressions of happiness and anger varying in terms of intensity. We implemented these facial expressions onto a Furhat robot that was either male-like or female-like. 129 children were exposed to the robot's expressions for a few seconds. We asked them to evaluate the robot in terms of trustworthiness, likability, and competence and investigated how emotion type, emotion intensity, and gender-likeness affected the perception of the robot. Results showed that a few seconds are enough for children to make a trait inference based on the robot's emotion. We observed that emotion type, emotion intensity, and gender-likeness did not directly affect trust, but the perception of likability and competence of the robot served as facilitator to judge trustworthiness.
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| 6. |
- Elgarf, Maha, et al.
(författare)
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"And then what happens?" Promoting Children's Verbal Creativity Using a Robot
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '22). - : IEEE. - 9781665407311 - 9781665407328 ; , s. 71-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While creativity has been previously studied in Child-Robot interaction, the effect of regulatory focus on creativity skills has not been investigated. This paper presents an exploratory study that, for the first time, uses the Regulatory Focus Theory to assess children's creativity skills in an educational context with a social robot. We investigated whether two key emotional regulation techniques, promotion (approach) and prevention (avoidance), stimulate creativity during a storytelling activity between a child and a robot. We conducted a between-subjects field study with 69 children between the ages of 7 and 9 years old, divided between two study conditions: (1) promotion, where a social robot primes children for action by eliciting positive emotional states, and (2) prevention, where a social robot primes children for avoidance by evoking a states related to security and safety associated with blockage-oriented behaviors. To assess changes in creativity as a response to the priming interaction, children were asked to tell stories to the robot before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the priming interaction. We measured creativity levels by analyzing the verbal content of the stories. We coded verbal expressions related to creativity variables, including fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality. Our results show that children in the promotion condition generated significantly more ideas, and their ideas were on average more original in the stories they created in the post-test rather than in the pre-test. We also modeled the process of creativity that emerges during storytelling in response to the robot's verbal behavior. This paper enriches the scientific understanding of creativity emergence in child-robot collaborative interactions.
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| 7. |
- Feng, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Context-Enhanced Human-Robot Interaction : Exploring the Role of System Interactivity and Multimodal Stimuli on the Engagement of People with Dementia
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer Nature. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; 14:3, s. 807-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engaging people with dementia (PWD) in meaningful activities is the key to promote their quality of life. Design towards a higher level of user engagement has been extensively studied within the human-computer interaction community, however, few extend to PWD. It is generally considered that increased richness of experiences can lead to enhanced engagement. Therefore, this paper explores the effects of rich interaction in terms of the role of system interactivity and multimodal stimuli by engaging participants in context-enhanced human-robot interaction activities. The interaction with a social robot was considered context-enhanced due to the additional responsive sensory feedback from an augmented reality display. A field study was conducted in a Dutch nursing home with 16 residents. The study followed a two by two mixed factorial design with one within-subject variable - multimodal stimuli - and one between-subject variable - system interactivity. A mixed method of video coding analysis and observational rating scales was adopted to assess user engagement comprehensively. Results disclose that when additional auditory modality was included besides the visual-tactile stimuli, participants had significantly higher scores on attitude, more positive behavioral engagement during activity, and a higher percentage of communications displayed. The multimodal stimuli also promoted social interaction between participants and the facilitator. The findings provide sufficient evidence regarding the significant role of multimodal stimuli in promoting PWD's engagement, which could be potentially used as a motivation strategy in future research to improve emotional aspects of activity-related engagement and social interaction with the human partner.
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| 8. |
- Harrison, Katherine, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The Imperfectly Relatable Robot : An Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Role of Failure in HRI
- 2023
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Ingår i: HRI 2023. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450399708 ; , s. 917-919
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on failure to improve human-robot interactions represents a novel approach that calls into question human expectations of robots, as well as posing ethical and methodological challenges to researchers. Fictional representations of robots (still for many non-expert users the primary source of expectations and assumptions about robots) often emphasize the ways in which robots surpass/perfect humans, rather than portraying them as fallible. Thus, to encounter robots that come too close, drop items or stop suddenly starts to close the gap between fiction and reality. These kinds of failures - if mitigated by explanation or recovery procedures - have the potential to make the robot a little more relatable and human-like. However, studying failures in human-robot interaction requires producing potentially difficult or uncomfortable interactions in which robots failing to behave as expected may seem counterintuitive and unethical. In this space, interdisciplinary conversations are the key to untangling the multiple challenges and bringing themes of power and context into view. In this workshop, we invite researchers from across the disciplines to an interactive, interdisciplinary discussion around failure in social robotics. Topics for discussion include (but are not limited to) methodological and ethical challenges around studying failure in HRI, epistemological gaps in defining and understanding failure in HRI, sociocultural expectations around failure and users' responses.
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| 9. |
- Paetzel, Maike, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Robot Personality on the Development of Uncanny Feelings towards a Social Robot
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical investigations on the uncanny valley have almost solely focused on the analysis of people's non-interactive perception of a robot at first sight. Recent studies suggest, however, that these uncanny first impressions may be significantly altered over an interaction. What is yet to discover, however, is whether certain interaction patterns can lead to a faster decline in uncanny feelings. In this paper, we present a study in which participants with limited expertise in Computer Science played a collaborative geography game with the robot Furhat. During the game, Furhat displayed two personalities, which corresponded to two different interaction strategies. The robot was either optimistic and encouraging, or impatient and provocative. We performed the study in a science museum and recruited participants among the visitors. Our findings suggest that a robot that is rated high on agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness can indeed weaken uncanny feelings. This study has important implications for human-robot interaction design as it further highlights that a first impression, merely based on a robot's appearance, is not indicative of the affinity people might develop towards it throughout an interaction. Future work should thus emphasize investigations on finding exact interaction patterns that can help to overcome uncanny feelings.
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| 10. |
- Paetzel, Maike, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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The Persistence of First Impressions : The Effect of Repeated Interactions on the Perception of a Social Robot
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '20). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450367462 ; , s. 73-82
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies in social psychology have shown that familiarization across repeated interactions improves people's perception of the other. If and how these findings relate to human-robot interaction (HRI) is not well understood, even though such knowledge is crucial when pursuing long-term interactions. In our work, we investigate the persistence of first impressions by asking 49 participants to play a geography game with a robot. We measure how their perception of the robot changes over three sessions with three to ten days of zero exposure in between. Our results show that different perceptual dimensions stabilize within different time frames, with the robot's competence being the fastest to stabilize and perceived threat the most fluctuating over time. We also found evidence that perceptual differences between robots with varying levels of humanlikeness persist across repeated interactions. This study has important implications for HRI design as it sheds new light on the influence of robots' embodiment and interaction abilities. Moreover, it also impacts HRI theory as it presents novel findings contributing to research on the uncanny valley and robot perception in general.
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